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面对新型电力系统的低惯量趋势，规模庞大而位置分散的温控负荷在参与电力系统频率响应的同时，能够为电网提供虚拟惯量和一次调频支撑将是提升电网频率安全的新思路。为此，以集中-分布式调控框架下的温控负荷集群为研究对象，首先在详细分解控制层调控中心、协调层聚合商、响应层温控负荷终端三者在辅助调频过程中的采样、计算、控制、执行一系列实时任务的基础上，设计了事件触发与时间触发相结合的温控负荷集群终端异步响应机制，实现温控负荷集群功率遵从综合惯性控制律的效果。随后，对所提综合惯性控制下温控负荷集群参与调频的电力系统进行频率响应建模，并进一步利用改进劳斯近似实现系统降阶，从而获得系统频率响应关键特征的时域解析表达式。最后，通过仿真算例验证了所提基于时间触发机制的温控负荷集群综合惯性控制的有效性，并分析了采用改进劳斯近似对系统模型降阶的可行性。

Objective To investigate the correlation between stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) and 90-day clinical prognosis of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods The data of AIS patients who were admitted in Department of Neurology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University from May 2016 to October 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The outcome was assessed by 90-day mRS and composite vascular events (recurrent stroke, myocardial infarction and vascular death). The favorable prognosis was defined as a mRS score of 0-2, and unfavorable prognosis was defined as a mRS score of 3-6 and composite vascular events within 90 days after stroke. SHR was calculated by fasting blood glucose divided by the estimated average blood glucose. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine whether SHR was an independent influencing factor of the 90-day prognosis. ROC curve was used to evaluate the effect of SHR to predict 90-day prognosis. Spearman correlation was used to analyze the correlation between SHR and clinical factors. Results (1) A total of 1484 patients were included,with the median age of 70 (62-80) years and 948 males (63.9%). The median baseline NIHSS score was 3 (2-7). There were 923 cases (62.2%) in favorable prognosis group and 561 cases (37.8%) in unfavorable prognosis group. (2) Univariate analysis showed that the SHR in favorable prognosis group was significantly lower than that in unfavorable prognosis group [0.82 (0.72-0.95) vs . 0.86 (0.74-1.02), P =0.001]. (3) Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the lowest quartile of SHR, the highest quartile was independently associated with the 90-day unfavorable prognosis (OR 2.22, 95%CI 1.26-3.91, P =0.006), which had statistical difference in non-diabetic group in subgroup analysis (OR 2.11, 95%CI 1.19-3.75, P =0.010), and no statistical difference in diabetic group (OR 1.53, 95%CI 0.69-3.42, P =0.298). (4) The area under the ROC curve (C-value) of SHR for predicting 90-day unfavorable prognosis was 0.552 (95%CI 0.526-0.578, P =0.001, the optimal cut-off value was 0.84, the sensitivity was 52.94%, and the specificity was 56.12%); and in non-diabetic subgroup, the C-value was 0.600 (95%CI 0.563-0.637, P

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In order to objectively analyze the situation of spatial matching and carrying capacity of water resources in Henan Province, this paper evaluated the situation of spatial matching and carrying capacity of water resources in Henan Province from 2012 to 2021 by constructing Lorentz curve, improving mutation series model and mature-element extension model based on the data of total water resources and population, and used obstacle degree model to diagnose the main factors affecting the carrying capacity. At the same time, based on the water resources situation and the planned annual supply and demand of Henan Province, the multi-objective optimal allocation model of water resources was constructed. The results show that the spatial distribution of water-irrigated area and water-population is in equilibrium, while the spatial equilibrium of water-secondary industry production value and water-green coverage area is poor. From 2012 to 2021, the overall water resources carrying capacity of Henan Province is gradually increased, and the evaluation comprehensive value is increased steadily. The carrying capacity of water resources in Henan Province is mainly affected by natural population growth rate, industrial water consumption, population density, surface water resources, water production modulus and annual average precipitation. Water resources allocation can be divided into five water allocation schemes, and different schemes have different water use benefits, which can provide reference for regional water allocation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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【Objective】The effects of microenvironment variations on the community composition and diversity of soil microarthropods in tobacco fields were explored to provide the scientific basis for selecting optimal varieties for cultivation and determining planting patterns in karst tobacco-growing areas.【Method】The community composition and diversity of soil microarthropods in the growing areas of Yunyan 87 and K326 were investigated by the Tullgren method in July 2022 in Fenggang county of Guizhou province. Based on the investigation, the relationship between soil microarthropods and microenvironment (tobacco varieties, planting pattern and their interactions) was analyzed.【Result】A total of 6 classes, 16 orders and 70 families of soil microarthropods were identified in the sample plot. The soil microarthropod community composition was significantly different between K326 and Yunyan 87. In K326, the soil microarthropod community composition was very significantly different between ridge and furrow, while no significant difference was observed in Yunyan 87 between the ridge and furrow. Furthermore, the soil microarthropod community composition in the ridge varied very significantly between K326 and Yunyan 87, but no significant difference was observed between K326 and Yunyan 87 in the furrow pattern.The richness, density and Shannon index (H′) of soil microarthropods in K326 were 4.18, 5535.56 and 1.16, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in Yunyan 87 (values of 2.12, 1720.00 and 0.65, respectively) . Furthermore, these indexes in the ridge of K326 were 5.47, 10 520.00 and 1.40, respectively, which were significantly greater than those in the furrow pattern (values of 2.90, 551.11 and 0.92, respectively) . Notably, only the density of soil microarthropods in the ridge (3000.00) of Yunyan 87 was higher than that in the furrow (400.00), while the richness and Shannon index (H′) had no obvious differences. Moreover, the richness, density and Shannon index (H′) of soil microarthropods in the ridge of Yunyan 87 were 1.97, 3000.00 and 0.61, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the ridge of K326 (values of 5.47, 10 520.00 and 1.40, respectively), whereas no significant differences were found in these parameters between the furrow areas of Yunyan 87 and K326.【Conclusion】The influence of micro-topographical variations resulting from ridge cultivation on soil microarthropods is regulated by the tobacco varieties, and soil microarthropods inhabiting the ridges displays greater sensitivity to tobacco variety changes compared to those in the furrows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】Rice lodging resistance is an important trait in current rice breeding. The systematic evaluation of lodging resistance of germplasm resources is of great significance for breeding lodging-resistant varieties.【Method】200 germplasm resources in China were taken as materials, 9 traits related to lodging resistance of rice were systematically investigated, and the breeding value of these traits was evaluated by morphological clustering and path analysis.【Result】According to the lodging index, the tested materials were divided into three types: high fall-resistant type, fall-resistant type and lodging type, among which 81.5% of breeding resources had good fall-resistant ability. The correlation coefficient between stalk physical traits and lodging index of different lodging resistant germplasm resources was significantly different. The plant height, bending moment and second pitch length of restorer were positively correlated with lodging index, and the correlation coefficient between bending moment and lodging index d lodging index reached 0.789. The folding resistance of base and sheath leaf thickness were negatively correlated with lodging index, and the correlation coefficients were-0.754** and-0.659**, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between plant height and basal segment length and lodging index, and the correlation coefficient between plant height and lodging index was 0.681**. The correlation coefficient between buckling resistance and lodging index was-0.841**.The path analysis results showed that the bending moment of the restorer line and other materials had a direct positive effect on the lodging index (Py=0.519), the plant height of the sterile line had a direct positive effect on the lodging index (Py=0.737), and the base bending force of both parents had a direct negative effect on the lodging index, with direct path coefficients of-0.331 and-0.702, respectively.【Conclusion】The lodging resistance of rice is a complex trait, and different germplasm resources have different lodging resistance characteristics. Scientific utilization of breeding resources is the key to rice lodging resistance breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Agricultural production has been dominated by mechanization in recent years. High-speed precision seeding can fully meet the requirements of high-efficiency mechanized planting. There is a high demand for the stable and excellent operational performance of the precision seed metering device. In this study, a T-shaped hole was designed to update the existing centrifugal maize precision seed metering multiple seeding. The hole-shaped symmetric tab structure was also proposed to reduce the probability of maize seed side-by-side filling. A systematic analysis was made to clarify the influence of the structural parameters in a T-shaped hole on the process of sowing. The size of the maize seed was combined to determine the values of some structural parameters of a T-shaped hole. The range of the factors was selected for the subsequent orthogonal tests. Specifically, the length of the front, the rear inclination angle, and the inclination angle of the bottom inclination angle were from 8.64 to 15.36 mm, 41.64° to 48.36°, and 64.59° to 81.41°, respectively. A three-factor three-level quadratic orthogonal rotational regression test was conducted on EDEM software using the structural parameters as test factors, while the qualified, multiple and leakage indexes as evaluation indexes. ANOVA and response surface optimization were then performed on Design Expert 13 software. A combination of optimal structural parameters was achieved in the T-shaped hole: the length of the front was 9.31 mm, the rear inclination angle was 43.37°, and the inclination angle of the bottom inclination angle was 70.5°. The predicted qualified, multiple and leakage indexes were 95.44%, 0.9% and 4.48%, respectively. Three groups of simulations were carried out to verify the optimization under the same conditions. At the same time, the qualified, multiple and leakage index of seed metering device were 94.03%, 1.72% and 4.25%, respectively. There was close to the predicted value, indicating the accurate optimization of quadratic orthogonal rotary regression. A bench test was carried out to verify the reliability of the simulation and the effectiveness of T-shaped hole, in terms of reducing multiple indexes. The qualified index of the seed metering device was 94.54% when the operating speed was 18 km/h. The relative error with the simulation was 0.54%, indicating the reliability of simulation optimization. When the working speed is 12～21 km/h, the qualified index of T-shaped hole is not less than 94.36%, the multiple index is not higher than 3.26%, and the leakage index is not higher than 3.60%, and the average qualified index of T-shaped hole is 94.77%, which is improved by 3.13 percentage points compared with rectangular shaped hole, and 1.80 percentage points compared with horseshoe shaped hole; the average mutiple index of T-shaped hole was 2.06%, a decrease of 3.41 percentage points compared to rectangular shaped holes and a decrease of 2.49 percentage points compared to horseshoe shaped hole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Climate change, arising from the excessive use of fossil fuel resources, has evolved into a pressing global concern, with an emphasis on the development of renewable energy solutions. Biomass has been distinguished by the renewable, abundant, widely distributed, and environmentally friendly representative materials of clean energy sources. Among them, the organic wealth of nature primarily consists of cellulosic biomass, including cellulose (30%-50%), hemicellulose (20%-35%), and lignin (15%-30%). Lignin can also be positioned as the second-largest biomass resource. The solitary polymer can be distinguished with an aromatic backbone, indicating the potential to yield essential commodities, such as fuels, bio-based materials, and aromatic compounds. A sustainable solution to the prevailing oil crisis can then be provided for solid waste disposal in industry. Consequently, the strategic and value-added utilization of lignin can be indispensable for the long-term sustainability of biomass as a primary energy source. The phenylpropane monomers are closely linked through C-O and C-C bonds in the molecular structure of lignin. A three-dimensional reticulated macromolecular structure can then be formed to impose the depolymerization. The catalytic disruption of C-O and C-C bonds can be used within the phenylpropane structure. The concept of "Lignin‐first depolymerization" has gained notable attention in recent years. Lignin can also be effectively separated and further depolymerized into monomers, dimers, or other oligomers. In contrast to traditional biomass treatment, "Lignin-first depolymerization" can offer protection for the lignin backbone structure and circumvent condensation reactions in the depolymerized lignin. The high-value utilization of lignin can be realized to facilitate the efficient separation of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Importantly, the anti-degradation barrier was disrupted in biomass, leading to a holistic hierarchical utilization of the diverse components. The influencing factors (the source of lignin, catalysts, and solvents) have been determined in the conversion of lignin and product distribution. In this study, a systematic review was undertaken on the recent global progress in the preferential depolymerization of lignin. A comparison was also conducted on the acid, alkali, noble metal, and non-precious metal catalysts. The reaction mechanisms of these catalysts then underscored the efficacy of metalloaded catalysts. Particularly, the conversion of lignin phenylpropane units was promoted using the breakage of inter-unit C-C or C-O bonds, thereby leading to the formation of valuable aromatic compounds. A comprehensive investigation was extended to explore the effects of various solvents (including aqueous, alcohol, and low eutectic solvents) on the lignin release rate, carbohydrate removal rate, slurry macrostructure, and monomer yield. The reaction mechanisms of each solvent type were also summarized in the lignin depolymerization. The alcohol solvents can be expected to break the ester bond between lignin and hemicellulose, and then to shield cellulose and hemicellulose from potential damage. This dual functionality of alcohol solvents can greatly contribute to the high-value utilization of biomass. In summary, the challenges associated with biomass depolymerization were outlined in the research directions. Effective depolymerization of lignin monomers can also be required for the synergistic combination of catalysts and solvents, which are identified as the two hot topics in this field. The findings can provide a roadmap to advance the sustainable utilization of biomass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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