Objective To investigate the effects of heat shock protein70 (HSP70) small interfering RNA ( HSP70 siRNA) on the collagen production of the human keloid fibroblasts. Methods Collecting 56 cases of human keloid tissues, isolating the human keloid fibroblasts and culturing them in vitro. The human keloid fibroblasts were divided into the observation group, the negative group and the blank control group. The HSP70 siRNA and the negative siRNA were transfected into the cells of the observation group and the negative group by the liposome, respectively. Moreover, the blank control group was not transfected. At 24 h after the transfection, the mR.NA expression levels of HSP70, collagen I , and collagen HI was detected by the real-time PCR. The protein expression levels of HSP70, collagen I, and collagen HI were detected by Western blotting. The total collagen in the medium was analyzed by the Sircol collagen assay. Results Compared with the negative group and the blank control group, the mRNA and protein expression levels of HSP70, collagen I , and collagen HI decreased in the observation group, as well as the total collagen in the medium (all P <0.05). However, there were no differences between the negative group and the blank control group (all P>0. 05). Conclusion Transfecting the HSP70 siRNA could inhibit the collagen expression in the human keloid fibroblasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]