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十二年國民基本教育所欲培育的核心素養為各學科的重要依據，惟中學體育教師對素養導向課程概念常未能有效與其教學實踐有效連結。依此，本研究運用逆向式課程設計（backward design），採逆向發展的設計與課程校準，引導教師朝向情境化、脈絡化、整合式的學習經驗設計，協助體育教師建立素養導向課程的深入理解概念，作為後續支持中學體育教師專業發展與實踐之參考。本研究選取5位中學體育教師及1位體育師資培育教授為研究對象，組織4次實務社群會議。資料蒐集採半結構式訪談、參與觀察、持續比較和歸納分析資料。結果顯示：一、社群運作初期，教師感到教學與評量間的矛盾，評量仍著重於技能學習；二、社群運作中，教師將目標設定、學習評量以及學習內容來回校準，嘗試化解「既有現場教學經驗」與「探究學習」間的矛盾，但對於素養導向評量概念尚未純熟；三、社群運作結束後，教師給予逆向式課程設計正向的評價，但在教學實踐上仍有挑戰與困難。逆向式的課程設計有利於化解教師對於素養導向在知識概念與教學行動經驗間的衝突，在教師社群共備之下，持續進行專業教學對話與反思，成為素養導向體育教師增能培力之新策略。 The core competencies that 12-year Compulsory Education aims to develop are the basis of the curriculum development for each subject. Competence-based Physical Education（CBPE）curriculum, however, has not yet been popularized and implemented. The purpose of this study was to examine the backward design, and structure of the physical education unit intended to enhance physical education teachers’ understanding and practical application of competency-oriented curriculum design. Five secondary school physical education teachers and one physical education teacher education professor was selected for this study, and four learning communities were organized. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, participant observation, continuous comparison, and inductive analysis. Results were as follows: 1. In the initial community, teachers identified a contradiction between teaching and assessment, although assessments still emphasized skill acquisition; 2. During the community operation, teachers worked towards aligning the curriculum with learning objectives, assessment methods, and learning content, aiming to address the tension between "field teaching experience" and "inquiry learning"; however, they were not yet familiar with the CBPE assessment concept; 3. After the community operation, teachers provided positive feedback on the backward design approach, but encountered challenges and difficulties in implementing it during their teaching practice. Through the co-planning mechanism of teacher learning communities, which encourages dialogue and reflection in Physical Education classes, becoming a competence-based physical education teacher becomes a new strategy for enhancing abilities and training.

【目的】探索外科手术中小潮气量机械通气期间应用间断肺复张手法（RM）联合中等水平呼气末正压（PEEP）构成的肺开放策略（OLS）对血浆中肺损伤标志物晚期糖基化终产物可溶性受体（sRAGE）及Clara细胞蛋白（CC16）浓度的影响。【方法】本研究纳入行择期腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术的患者100例，随机（1∶1）分为开放策略组（OLS）和非开放策略（NOLS）组。两组均使用小潮气量机械通气；OLS组机械通气期间间断给予RM并设置PEEP为6~8cmH2O，NOLS组不予RM及PEEP。麻醉诱导前（T1）、术毕后即刻（T2）及术后第3天（T3）分别取血检测血浆sRAGE、CC16浓度。【结果】在T1、T2、T33个时间点，血浆sRAGE、CC16浓度组间均无统计学差异（>0.05）。所有患者中，T2、T3sRAGE浓度高于T1，T3sRAGE浓度高于T2，T3CC16浓度高于T1、T2，均有统计学差异（

与普通钢结构建筑明显不同,薄壁钢结构立体货架的动力稳定性与其荷载分布密切相关。以单/双列货架为典型案例,研究了货载分布及结构模态振型的变化规律;以施加加速度激励的方式,分别在巷道和垂直巷道两个方向上对单/双列货架进行了地震动反应谱分析。数据显示,地震冲击过程中货架底部区域的层间位移角相对较大,垂直巷道方向的动力稳定性对荷载分布更加敏感。以此为基础,提出了货架结构稳定性增强设计方案,为基于性能的薄壁钢结构空间拓扑优化提供参考。

波形钢腹板预应力混凝土组合箱梁是一种较为新颖的桥梁上部结构形式,其力学性能一直以来是桥梁工程研究的热点。为阐明其动力性能的研究进展情况,通过文献调研与实桥调查,介绍了这种箱梁的自振特性与动力响应研究的最新成果。研究表明,在自振频率的计算方法和阻尼系数的取值方面,波形钢腹板预应力混凝土组合箱梁与传统的预应力混凝土箱梁相比均有所差异。同时,箱梁的截面形式、桥墩类型、钢腹板几何参数、体外预应力等对这种箱梁的自振特性均有着不同程度的影响。为改善这种箱梁的自振特性,通常建议采用增设横隔板的构造措施。另外,这种箱梁桥在抗震方面具有优势,其抗震计算可参照传统结构,而有关这种箱梁桥的车致振动、风致振动的研究却很少。加强波形钢腹板预应力混凝土组合箱梁动力性能的研究对完善这种箱梁桥的设计理论以及促进其在工程中的应用与发展均具有重要的现实意义。

随着光传送网络/分组增强型光传送网络（OTN/POTN）技术的规模部署应用,OTN/POTN必然要面临承载频率和时间同步信号的问题。文章提出一种基于1588+SyncE同步的现网测试方法,通过在源端OTN/POTN设备上配置额外的光监控信道板卡和时钟接口板,并采用逐点方式对同步信号进行本地环回测试,该方案解决了异地测试基准带来的测量误差问题,同时摆脱了测试源头和测试参考点的限制,可以根据实际需要在OTN/POTN系统的任一节点进行测试,降低了测试成本。

软件定义光传送网采用集中式的控制器进行网络控制,控制器的性能及其测试方法是判断其是否存在性能"瓶颈"的重要手段。文章对评测控制器性能"瓶颈"的性能指标进行了分析,在此基础上,提出了一种针对控制器长期运行性能指标的测试方法,采用此方法可对控制器长期运行的稳定性、可靠性及性能进行综合评判。

以实现柱矢量光横向选模为目标,研究了非均匀折射率分布的少模光纤的光学特性。利用有限元法分析了U型折射率分布和弯曲少模光纤的模场特性:前者结合1 550nm泵浦光可支持LP11模式并抑制LP01模式;后者包括二模光纤和四模光纤,当二者弯曲半径分别为4和2cm时,仅支持LP01和LP11模式。结合理论和实验研究了四模和二模FBG（光纤布拉格光栅）,对于二模FBG,当透射波长位于1 549.79nm附近时,可获得呈两瓣分布的LP11模式;对于四模FBG,其反射谱峰值波长个数随尾纤弯曲半径的减小而减少。相关结果对于柱矢量光的产生和应用具有重要的理论和实践意义。

由耦合非线性薛定谔方程可以得出与光纤参数有关的琼斯矩阵。文章采用此法得到的琼斯矩阵法研究了一阶偏振模色散（PMD）的统计特性,并通过求解耦合非线性薛定谔方程仿真了PMD对于光脉冲传输的影响。

随着光纤技术的发展,光缆也呈现出多元化的发展趋势,作为电力特种光缆之一的光纤架空地线复合缆（OPGW）以其独特的优越性在电力系统光通信领域得到了长足的发展和广泛应用。文章首先阐述了OPGW的概念和特性要求,然后针对OPGW在电力系统设计、施工及应用中的注意事项做了较详细的叙述,最后结合许昌电力通信网发展规划,说明了许昌供电系统中OPGW的应用现状。文章对电力系统光纤通信工程设计和施工具有一定的参考、借鉴意义。

光缆的寿命是由光缆中所使用的材料寿命和光缆中光纤的寿命两方面来决定的。光缆长期使用过程中,难免要处于水汽环境中,水分对光缆材料寿命和光纤寿命均有影响。因此,光缆的渗水性能是评价光缆质量的重要指标之一,也是考核光缆环境性能的一个重要方面,是保证光缆寿命（2530年）的重要因素之一。文章探讨了水分对光缆寿命的影响以及如何采取有效措施降低这种影响。

波分复用（WDM）传输系统工作波段已经覆盖了C波段和L波段.工作在C+L波段的色散补偿模块及色散补偿光纤的研制是通信器件开发的一个重要领域.文章分析了C+L波段色散补偿光纤的波导结构,并采用PCVD工艺研制成功了C+L波段色散补偿光纤,该光纤可以同时对工作在C和L波段的通信系统的色散进行补偿.

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Rural household-scale carbon studies are significant for the development of elaborated rural carbon governance strategies and achievement of sustainable development goals. In this study, we used the material flow analysis method to construct a panoramic carbon flow model at household scale, put forward the concepts of natural boundary, social boundary, and economic boundary, and divided household activities into production, business, and living activities. On this basis, the material and carbon flow between the activities within a boundary and the external system was built. Furthermore, an evaluation index system of household carbon flow was constructed using structure and efficiency indexes to measure household carbon emission and its value. This empirical investigation was conducted at a typical agricultural and part-time home in Zibo City of Shandong Province. The findings show that household carbon emissions are mostly caused by energy usage, and the emissions from each source vary substantially. The carbon emissions of household input and output processes were 44 637 kg and 4 558 kg, respectively, the carbon sink of carbon sink process was 547 kg, and the potential carbon emissions of recycling process was 1 216 kg. Carbon emissions from input processes are much higher than those from output processes, and carbon sinks and recycling processes reduce carbon emissions relatively less. Household carbon recycling rate, household carbon efficiency, and per capita carbon emission were 21.0%, 3.6 yuan·kg-1, and 12 162 kg, respectively. Although the level of household carbon emissions is not high, there is still a large potential for emission reduction in households. Therefore, the main focus of household energy research should be to optimize and modify the consumption structure, select low-carbon energy goods, and promote a low-carbon and green lifestyle. Specifically, food waste generated from business activities should be categorized as waste, and green infrastructure should to be reinforced. Meanwhile, vertical greening of restaurants and other service industry buildings should be increased, which will not only beautify the landscape but also increase the carbon sink of households to promote green development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Rural housing revitalization has its policy background, both policy incentives and policy constraints. After decomposing the policy implication of moderately relaxing the use right of rural housing, the boundary of “moderately” and the way of “relaxing” are clarified. Combined with the form of “ revitalizing” in the pilot area, it is concluded that the boundary is divided into non-transferring ownership of rural housing and transfering ownership of rural housing with the transfer ownership as the anchor and explained. Considering the existing policy analysis, the use right of homestead is not indefinite, and the use right of homestead is attached to the housing right, which can absorb the land right. In order to moderately liberalize the use right of rural housing and increase farmers’ property income, it is proposed to construct the system of homestead right to use, supplemented by the revitalization system with the service life of rural housing as the deadline. However, the rights of the original owner of rural housing (the owner of the homestead right to use) will be different due to whether the ownership of rural housing is transferred. Farmers who do not transfer the ownership of rural housing, after the loss of rural housing, can re-apply for the right to use the homestead based on membership, forming a virtuous circle of material use and rights protection, otherwise. The proposition of rural housing revitalization includes the determination of the main body in rural housing revitalization, the expansion and limitation of the revitalization form, the time limit of revitalization, the persistence of the bottom line of revitalization and the registration and filing of revitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In order to comprehensively analyze the status of soil fertility of tobacco planting soil in Nanjian County, based on the physical and chemical indicators of 469 representative tobacco planting soils in 7 townships, the weight of each soil nutrient indicator was calculated through the principal component analysis method, and the comprehensive index value (IFI) of soil fertility was estimated, and the fertility status of tobacco planting soil in Nanjian County was comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that the average IFI of soil samples in the whole county was 0. 70, reaching Grade II. The overall level of soil fertility was high, but there was a large difference in soil fertility among different towns;organic matter, total phosphorus, total potassium, available phosphorus, available potassium, exchangeable calcium magnesium, available sulfur, available zinc, and available manganese were relatively abundant in the tobacco area of Nanjian County, making it suitable for tobacco cultivation. However, the available molybdenum content was generally low, which may be a limiting factor affecting the overall quality of tobacco leaves in Nanjian County. Local tobacco technicians need to pay attention to the scientific application of molybdenum fertilizer. Among the seven townships in Nanjian County, Xiaowandong Town had the highest comprehensive soil fertility, which was most suitable for flue-cured tobacco planting, followed by Yongcui Township, Baohua Town, Wuliangshan Town, Bixi Township and Leqiu Township, which were all Grade II. Nanjian Town has the lowest fertility, with an IFI value of 0. 56, which is Grade III. Nanjian County is generally suitable for tobacco cultivation, but there were significant differences in fertility among different townships. In the tobacco production process, it was necessary to adapt to local conditions, scientifically fertilize and manage, and steadily improve soil quality, thereby promoting the improvement of tobacco quality and the sustainable development of the tobacco industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecological product value realization is a product of the transition from industrial civilization to ecological civilization, embodying the critical practice of the concept that 'lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets.' However, in China, the exploration and theoretical research on ecological product value have predominantly focused on value transformation, overlooking the aspect of sustainable realization. This oversight has resulted in unsustainable trends in areas such as conceptual understanding, conservation and restoration, industry development, inter-departmental collaboration, and value sharing. Sustainable ecology plays a pivotal role in realizing the value of ecological products by addressing the conflicts between human socio-economic activities and natural ecosystems and by exploring feasible paths for their coordinated development. This study, based on the three-dimensional evaluation system of sustainable ecology, which includes development, coordination, and sustainability, adopts a combination of text analysis and case study methods. The study also constructed a theoretical framework that integrates the intrinsic logic of the society-economy-nature complex ecosystem and comprehensively considers the three key elements of quality, dynamics, and equity. This framework places particular emphasis on the entire process of ecological product value realization, adhering to three fundamental principles: at the front, it closely aligns with the 2030 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to ensure synchronization with the global sustainable development agenda; at the middle, it respects regional diversity and integrates local practices with the transformation of ecological product value; and at the end, it achieves equitable value sharing, connecting with a sustainable and fair social system to ensure intergenerational equity. To promote the sustainable realization of ecological product value, this article proposes foundational ideas from the perspective of sustainable ecology, focusing on three dimensions: deeply excavating dynamic elements to support healthy development, focusing on quality elements to mobilize multi-party coordination, and considering equity elements to ensure intergenerational balance. These strategies provide a scientific basis for promoting the sustainable realization of ecological product value, advancing the construction of ecological civilization, and achieving a modernization of harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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