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Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Chinese greenhouses have been widely used with planting areas exceeding 810,000 hm2 in northern China, due to heat preservation, low investment, and energy saving. The plastic film of greenhouses cannot be washed by less rain in the northern region for an extended period. The accumulation of more dust can also reduce the light conditions in the shed, leading to adverse effects on the growth and development of crops. Consequently, it is very necessary for regular shed cleaning. In this study, a fully automatic cleaning machine of greenhouse film was proposed for the labor-saving and high efficiency. The machine included a cleaning host, floor and roof lateral shifting devices, as well as a control system. The cleaning host consisted of a bracket, brush, support wheel, climbing motor, brush motor, and water spray pipe. The roof lateral shifting device comprised a hanging rail, stainless steel pulley assembly, hanger, roof lateral shifting motor, polyurethane wheel, and control system. The ground lateral shifting device was composed of a flip frame, bearing bracket, rear axle assembly, water tank, and control system. A 433 MHz wireless module was selected to communicate between the floor and roof lateral shifting device conveyor over a distance of up to 200 m. A double worm gear motor was used to drive the brush and climbing shaft of the cleaning host, in order to reduce the weight of the entire machine for cost saving. A ground lateral shifting device was designed to carry the cleaning host along the length of the greenhouse. The roof lateral shifting device was designed for automatic line wrapping cleaning. The installation height of the roof lifting rope was determined to avoid interference during the lateral shifting operation, even damage to the film. Multi-sensor fusion and data verification were utilized for the real-time, consistency, and reliability of cooperation between the cleaning host, roof and ground lateral shifting device. A model greenhouse was then made to verify the rationality and feasibility of the design. The prototype parameters of span, ridge height, and shoulder height were used at the scaling ratio of 10:1. The prototype was then processed and cleaned, according to the external dimensions at 5:1. Alignment, tilt deviation, and cleaning tests were conducted to verify the performance. The results showed that the horizontal offset during the lifting and lowering of the cleaning host was within ±3°, the left and right offset was within ±7 mm, and there was no offset during the lateral shifting. There was approximately 1 mm in the single and cumulative lateral shifting errors of the floor and roof lateral shifting devices. The average light intensities were 107 232.38, 77 866.77, and 112 377.26 lx with/without the cleaning shed and the cleaning reference, respectively. The relative transmittance of the film increased from 69.3% to 95.4% after cleaning, indicating the well-designed brush material and key parameters of the machine. A remarkable cleaning performance was achieved on the surface of the film. The cleaning machine with the large weight in the early stage can also be updated for the high automation level, less film damage and cleaning blind zone. The findings can provide a strong reference for the design and development of film-cleaning equipment in the greenhouse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanical equipment is still lacking to clean the roofs of domestic Venlo-type greenhouses. The Manual cleaning can be time-consuming and labor-intensive so far. The existing solutions are relied excessively on imported equipment, resulting in high costs and maintenance expenses that significantly increased production costs. In this study, an electric roof cleaning machine was designed to automatically clean and switch the roofs of the Venlo-type greenhouses. A walking drive device was designed to ensure the consistent driving of the cleaning machine wheels, while reducing the wheel slippage on the damp tracks. A single motor was combined with a reducer and universal joint for the power transmission, in order to ensure the synchronous rotation of all four wheels. The resistance faced by the cleaning machine during movement was analyzed and calculated to determine the torque and power requirements for driving the motor. A uniform winding device was designed for uneven cable or water pipe winding during operation. The important parameters of the winding wheel were determined to accommodate the sufficient cable or water pipe length for each cleaning task. The winding and unwinding process of the uniform winding device was analyzed to clarify the impact of changes in the winding radius on the winding speed. The initial stage control of unwinding and the end stage of winding were optimized to prevent the excessive stretching of the cable or water pipe, thus avoiding a reduction in their lifespan. Reliable brushing was realized on the greenhouse roof using the cleaning roller brush. There was a contact process between the bristles and the roof surface. The roller brush fully met the design requirements to wash the roof surface under the conditions of 15 mm bristle deformation and a cleaning machine travel speed of 0.25 m/s. The torque resistance experienced by the roller brush was calculated to obtain the motor power required for the driving rotation of the roller brush. Some installation of switching tracks and positioning markers was carried out for Venlo-type connected greenhouses, in order to ensure the smooth progress of the switching operation. The rational design was achieved in the automatic water supply system for the auxiliary switching platform and the switching control system. A safety redundant control system was designed using multiple sensor perceptions for the cleaning machine. The various motor operations were controlled in an orderly manner, in order to collect the processing signals, such as the edge, departure detection, coiling, and skylight opening signals. A prototype was fabricated to conduct the test greenhouse, followed by performance testing of the prototype. The test results indicated that the cleaning machine achieved the maximum operating speed of 0.265 m/s, with a stop margin of 28.4 mm. The average switching time was 22.84 s, and the average alignment error between the platform and the roof track was 1.6 mm. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the cleaning effectiveness of the machine using the transmittance rate of the film as an indicator. The results showed that the transmittance rate increased to 86% after cleaning under the conditions of a travel speed of 0.25 m/s, roller brush speed of 120 r/min, and water pump flow rate of 34 L/min using a film with an initial transmittance rate of 68%. Better cleaning performance was achieved during operation. The cleaning machine can fully meet the cleaning requirements of Venlo-type greenhouse roofs. It is of significant importance in the indoor temperature and light environment, as well as the higher fruit yield and quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A leakage detection and supplemental inoculation device was designed to deal with the missing garlic seeds during extracting in a spoon-chain garlic seeder. The device included a laser sensor, a rotating spoon-type supplemental inoculation mechanism, and a supplemental inoculation box. Diffuse laser sensors were selected to monitor the seed extraction, further to determine the missing seeds, according to the output pulse. The STM32 processor and electromagnetic clutch were taken as the core in the control system for the missing seed detection and replenishment. A masking pulse acquisition experiment was conducted to obtain the critical pulse width when the seed picker missed the garlic seed. Taking the Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ grade Jinxiang garlic seeds as the research objects, a bench test was carried out in Jinxiang County, Jining City, Shandong Province, China. The range of masking pulses was determined in a seed picker under the different attitudes within the normal lifting speed. In the interval of 0.09 ~ 0.15m/s seed lifting speed, the maximum and minimum pulse width of garlic seed and scoop were 440.6 and 121.6 ms, respectively, whereas, those of the empty scoop were 87.9 and 53.3 ms, respectively. As such, the critical pulse width of the seed scoop was assumed in the range of 88 to 121 ms. The critical pulse width was then defined as 100 ms, considering that the output pulse of the empty scoop was relatively fixed at the same speed, while that of the seed scoop varied significantly during operation. The distance between the installation position of the sensor and the highest point of the seed extraction chain was set at 130mm, according to the easy maintenance of small garlic seeders. A kinematics analysis was made to obtain the optimal seeding time in a rotating spoon machine for accurate seeding during replanting. At the typical lifting speed of 0.12 m/s, the angle between the radius direction of the rotating spoon-type seed replenishing machine and the gravity direction of the garlic seed to be thrown was from 58.74° to 71.99°, while the angle between the velocity and the gravity direction was from 71.17° to 71.82°, and the duration to fall into the guide cylinder was from 0.161 to 0.170 s. At the speed of 0.12 m/s, the sensor detected that the electromagnetic clutch was electrified for 625 ms after missing seeds, and then the electromagnetic clutch stopped working after 363 ms. At the same time, the garlic seeds fell into the seed tube to complete the supplemental inoculation. The results showed that the success rate of the system was 100 % for the detection of whether the spoon-chain seed collector missed or not at the different speeds of seed extraction. At the seed extraction speed of 0.12 m/s, the success rate of grade I, II, and III garlic seeds after supplemental inoculation increased from 90.13%, 93.13%, and 95.88% to 99.25%, 99.75%, and 100%, respectively. At the raising speed of 0.15 m/s, the sowing success rates of grade I, II, and III garlic increased from 90.25%, 93.13%, and 96% to 99.25%, 99.625%, and 99.88%, respectively. It infers that the missed sowing rate was significantly reduced, fully meeting the garlic sowing requirements. Furthermore, the detection and seed replenishment system can fully match the different forms of spoon and chain garlic seeders. Both the laser sensor and electromagnetic clutch can also offer strong anti-interference, simple control, stable and reliable long-term performance. The new device can also provide promising technical support to the spoon and chain garlic seeders with the seed replenishment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An accurate recognition of fruit and vegetable depends mainly on the occlusion of vine, leaf, and light during robotic harvesting at present. In this study, a feasible recognition algorithm was proposed to efficiently identify the ripe tomatoes in the natural environment using YOLO v4 and HSV. The data set of mature tomatoes was also collected to capture some obscure images with the vines and leaves or color-changing by light under the complex growth environment. Once the original YOLO v4 network was utilized to identify the tomatoes after learning these samples, some tomatoes in the green ripening and color transition stage were taken like in the mature stage. Therefore, an HSV processing was added into the detection box of the original YOLO v4 network, in order to segment the red region of tomatoes. The specific tomatoes were taken as the target output to improve the accuracy of recognition if the red areas of segmentation reached a critical proportion in the detection box. The size of the proportion presented an important impact on the accuracy of recognition. The recognition performance was also compared on the test set under different proportions. As such, the proportion of 16% was taken as the tomato recognition at the mature stage. At this time, the highest recognition accuracy of the combined YOLO v4 and HSV was 94.77%, 4.30 percentage point higher than that of the original. The detection speed of a single image in the workstation was 25.86 ms. It indicated that the addition of HSV processing was widely expected to improve the accuracy of the original network. Furthermore, the improved network was also used to effectively remove immature tomatoes that cannot be recognized by the improved Cascade RCNN. In addition, the running time was tested ranging from the calling RealSense D435i to the first target tomato on the workstation and the miniature industrial computer. It was found that the average time of recognition was 0.51 s on the workstation, and 1.48 s on the miniature industrial computer, using the combined YOLO v4 and HSV from turning on the camera to the first target detection. Consequently, the improved algorithm was fully met the real-time requirements of mechanical picking. This finding can also provide a strong theoretical basis for the accurate, efficient, and real-time recognition of fruit and vegetable picking using robots in a complex environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to obtain the optimal combination of cutting elements and reduce the root cutting reaction force during root cutting process, the adjustable device for root cutting was designed. The basic structure and working principle of the root cutting device were described. The device mainly consisted of connection mechanism, disconnected fixing mechanism, handle adjusting mechanism, bolt adjustment mechanism and transmission mechanism. The test platform of root cutting operation was set up. The test platform was composed of the adjustable root cutting device, the connection support frame, the chassis and the walking device, which can realize the adjustment of the cutting speed, cutting position, cutter overlap amount and pitch angle. Based on the explicit nonlinear dynamic analysis method, the numerical model of root cutting operation was established. Then, the process of cutting cabbage root with double disc cutter was numerically simulated, and the mechanical mechanism was revealed. The forces along X, Y and Z axes during root cutting were analyzed and the force Fy along Y axis was approximated to root cutting force, therefore, root cutting reaction force Fy´ was determined as the data acquisition object of tests. In order to reduce the damage of cabbage and the abrasion of disc cutter, the root cutting force Fy and the root cutting reaction force Fy´ should be reduced as much as possible. The single factor tests were carried out to obtain the influence law of single factor on the evaluation index. The second-order orthogonal rotating combination multi-factor tests were carried out to study the influence of cutter speed, cutting position, walking speed, cutter overlap amount and pitch angle on the maximum root cutting reaction force. The response surface method was used to optimize the parameters, and the mathematical model of the relationship between maximum root cutting reaction force and the factors was established. The results of the multi-factor tests showed that the optimal combination of cutting elements was cutter speed 200 r/min, cutting position 17 mm, walking speed 0.26 m/s, cutter overlap amount 22 mm and pitch angle 11°, and the maximum root cutting reaction force was -22.5 N at this time. Under the conditions of the optimal parameter combination, tests were carried out to verify the optimal results. The test results showed that the average value of the maximum root cutting reaction force was -21.8 N. The result error between the predicted value of the model and the test was 3%, which verified the credibility of the optimization model. The qualified rate of root cutting was 96%, indicating that the root cutting device and test platform designed in this paper could meet the basic requirements of root cutting. The research results can provide theoretical basis and reference for the design and improvement of root cutting device for cabbage combine harvester. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cover temperature has an important effect on the thermal behavior of the greenhouse. This research developed and validated a prediction model of the cover temperature considering dynamic cover absorptivity. The absorptivity of the cover changes with the time of day and depending on many parameters such as the refractive coefficient, extinction coefficient, and thickness of the cover. The dynamic absorptivity of the cover was used to improve the model's accuracy. The absorptivity of the cover was divided into the absorptivity of beam radiation, diffuse radiation, and ground-reflected radiation. This mathematical model also considered the thermodynamic exchanges between the cover and other components of the greenhouse including the convection, shortwave and longwave radiation. A computer program adopting the MATLAB standard solver ode45 was written to find a solution to the energy equations employing a fourth-order Runge–Kutta method. The input parameters of the model were the measurement of the meteorological environment and thermo-physical characteristics of the greenhouse components including those of the soil and inside air. The thermophysical characteristics of the greenhouse were determined by the material properties of the glass greenhouse and the construction scheme, which were not affected by the geographic location of the glass greenhouse. Initial input values for these equations were the measured temperatures of cover, soil, and air at t=0. Employing the computer program model built-in MATLAB, trends of temperature in the greenhouse were acquired by solving the unsteady-state energy balance equation for the structural components of the greenhouse and estimating heat absorbed by various surfaces. The model was validated utilizing measured data of three non-continuous periods of 10 days in three seasons in the north of China in Shandong province (36°08'N, 116°95'E). To predict the model accuracy, varying statistical indicators, including the root-mean-square error (RMSE), and the square of the correlation coefficient (R²) was determined from data series. The model’s accuracy was verified by comparing the calculated temperatures with experimental measurements for the glass greenhouse. The best results were obtained with RMSE=1.26 ℃ and R²=0.98 for the cover temperature. The worst results were obtained with RMSE=2.05 ℃ and R²=0.92 for the cover temperature. Statistical analysis confirmed that the developed model was effective in forecasting the microclimate of the greenhouse. Finally, we compared the accuracy of this model with related research abroad. With the comparison, we concluded that the accuracy of the model was higher than that of the related research abroad. Because this research considered the dynamic absorptivity of the greenhouse cover creatively. Besides, this study had an energy analysis of solar radiation flux absorbed by the cover with the experimental greenhouse as a study case. The results indicated that the south wall absorbed less solar radiation in the summer period, while other walls and roofs absorbed more solar radiation in the summer period. The solar radiation absorbed by the east wall and the west wall was almost equal. The north wall absorbed the least solar radiation compared with other walls and roofs. It is clear that the quantification of solar radiation as demonstrated here is of great interest to the growers and is essential for the model’s accuracy and greenhouse management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the implantation process of garlic mechanized seeding, under the strong coupling among garlic seeds, soil and parts touching it, the verticality of adjusted garlic seeds is very easy to reduce again, thus affecting the final garlic output and garlic quality. How to ensure that garlic seeds are planted in an upward vertical direction has become a key technology to be solved. To solve this problem, this paper took the planetary wheel garlic planter designed in the early stage as the research object, introduced its structure and working principle in combination with the whole garlic planter, realized the adjustment of the opening and speed ratio of the inserting duckbill by processing the cams of different planters, and changed the opening phase angle of the inserting duckbill by adjusting the circumferential position of the cams installed in the machine. Based on the establishment of garlic inserting seed model and the analysis of the process, the tip motion equation of the duckbill was established and imported into CAXA software to generate the movement track. Through the analysis of the movement track under different parameters, it is clear that the key factors that affect the verticality of garlic seeds after planting are the linear speed of the inserting duckbill, the opening phase angle and the ratio of the opening angle of spigot duck's beak to the center angle corresponding to the cam convex section (the opening and speed ratio). In order to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis, a garlic planting test-bed was developed, and the indoor experiment of Cangshan garlic planting was carried out. Through the single factor experiment, it was determined that the value range of the linear speed of the duckbill was 200-500 mm/s, the range of the opening phase angle was 0-20°, and the range of the opening and speed ratio was 1-2. In order to obtain the optimal parameters of these three factors, the Box-Benhnken central composite test method was used to design the linear velocity, opening phase angle and opening velocity ratio of the spilt duck's beak by three factors and three levels quadratic regression test. The sowing test was carried out, and the response surface mathematical model was established by using Design-expert software. The key parameters affecting the verticality were comprehensively optimized. The optimal working parameters are as follows, the linear speed is 200 mm/s, the opening phase angle is 20°, the opening and speed ratio is 2. In order to verify the performance of the inserter using the optimized parameters, field experiments were carried out. The results showed that the average vertical degree of garlic seeds in the optimal parameter operation was 63.2°, which was 21.8% higher than that before. It not only met the requirements of garlic planting vertical degree, but also further improved the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy, which improved the guarantee for large-scale mechanized vertical sowing of garlic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In view of the current low efficiency and difficulty of cleaning solar greenhouses in China, a semi-automatic solar greenhouse film cleaning machine was developed. The whole machine includes cleaning and walking parts. The cleaning part mainly includes DC motor, two sets of different reduction ratio reducers, cleaning brush and support rollers. The cleaning part is the core of the solar greenhouse cleaning machine. Under the forward rotation of the cleaning motor, the cleaning shaft is rotated at a high speed to drive the cleaning brush to complete the cleaning of the surface of the film. On the other hand, the climbing shaft is rotated by the speed reduction mechanism, thereby the entire cleaning section is climbed around the shaft by the pressing film ropes. The water spray pipe at the top of the cleaning part sprays water to the front of the cleaning brush, wets the film when it rises, and rinses the film when it is lowered, ensuring the cleaning effect and the cleanliness of the film after washing. The walking part mainly includes: a walking chassis, a motor drive axle, a support wheel, a guide wheel, an armrest, and a cleaning part placement platform. The walking chassis is equipped with a guide wheel to ensure that the walking part moves straight. The upper-end surface of the chassis is also equipped with a cleaning part placement platform, which adopts an eccentric structure design to ensure that the walking part is away from the film when the cleaning device is displaced; when the cleaning part enters the placement platform, the walking part fits the greenhouse keel to ensure smooth operation and improve work safety. From August 2018 to January 2019, the prototype was debugged and tested in the Science and Technology Innovation Park of Shandong Agricultural University. The solar greenhouse was a brick wall structure with a length of 40 m in East and west, a span of 10 m in North and south, and a ridge height of 5 m. Three greenhouses were used for different stages of experiments. The film cleaning performance test was carried out, and the influence of different cleaning parameters on the cleaning effect was analyzed. The results showed that the length of the cleaning brush can be set to 3 cm for the film used for three months; the reasonable speed range for the cleaning brush is 150-300 r/min. The cleaning requirement can be met for single-pass cleaning, the water pressure was 0.08 MPa, the flow rate was 3.5 L/min, and the double-pass cleaning the pressure was 0.05 MPa and the flow rate was 2 L/min. After using a new film for 3 months under natural conditions, the instantaneous transmittance of the film after cleaning was up to 90%, which was 15 percentage points higher than that without cleaning the film. The average light transmission period from 09:00 to 15:00 during the test period can be increased by 12 percentage points, and the stronger the outdoor light, the more obvious the transmittance is increased. The use of the device improves the cleaning efficiency of the solar greenhouse film and improves the illumination conditions in the shed and reducing the labor intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potato is an important food crop with planting area been increased annually. Potato should be cut according to agronomic requirements before planting to make the potato sprout early and to increase the yield and to save the seed potato. The bud position and the weight of the seed potato cutting have an important influence on late growth of potato. Accurate identification of the bud eye is the premise of automatic cutting of seed potatoes. In addition, bud eyes are easy to be confused with mechanical damages such as growth spots, soil and skin breakage. In order to reduce the false recognition rate and improve the success rate of bud eyes recognition, a method for identifying potato buds based on three-dimensional geometric features of color saturation are proposed. By comparing the color space of potato, it is found that the color saturation component S in the HSI color space is the most obvious. In addition, it is less affected by light conditions, avoiding low recognition accuracy caused by interference of brightness factors. In this paper, four eigenvectors based on their longitudinal section curves and their first derivatives were proposed by analyzing the S component in the three-dimensional geometric space. The four-feature comprehensive judgment criterion was used to identify the bud eye longitudinally, and then the bud eye vertical recognition result was screened again according to the lateral characteristics of the bud eye. The modified method can greatly reduce the bud eye false recognition rate. The specific potato bud eyes recognition algorithm was as follows: 1) Color saturation S component was obtained by converting the acquired image from RGB color space to HSI color space. 2) The S component curve was obtained by longitudinally column-by-column interception of the three-dimensional map of the S component. Then derivative curve was obtained by deriving the S component curve. 3) First, all the valley positions of the first derivative curve of the S component were obtained, and the four bud eye feature parameters corresponding to the position were obtained. Then, the bud eye was identified according to the determination rule. If the condition was satisfied, the corresponding row and column position was set to 0, otherwise it was set to 1. The bud eye binarization matrix was obtained by performing bud eye feature determination on all longitudinal columns of the S component three-dimensional map.4) According to the lateral continuity of the bud eye and the arc-like structure of the lower edge of the bud, the morphological processing of the bud eye binarization matrix was carried out, and the false bud eyes were further removed to complete the bud eyes recognition. The influence of defects such as broken skin, growth spots and mechanical damage on the accuracy of bud-eye recognition was also analyzed in this paper. The data indicated that mechanical damage, growth spots, etc. was not confused with bud eyes and caused misjudgment of the buds. The algorithm can effectively prevent the influence of these interference factors.The experimental results showed that the recognition rate of bud eyes was 91.48%, of which, the recognition rate of non-germinated buds, germinated buds and the false recognition rate of bud eyes was 92.21%, 89.00% and 4.32%, respectively. The probability of seed potato cutting without buds due to false recognition of bud eyes was less than 1.01%. This can effectively prevent the seedling shortage caused by potato cutting without buds, resulting in reduced production. The average time taken to identify a single image is 2.68 s. The results indicated that the method can provide reference for the bud eyes recognition of seed potato automatic cutting machine due to its low false recognition rate of bud eye, strong anti-interference ability and high stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystal & Displays is the property of Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystal & Displays and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)