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OBJECTIVE: To determine the content(indigo and indirubin) in indigo naturalis, indigo naturalis decoction and indigo naturalis formula granules from different manufacturers, and to analyze the content difference, so as to explore the rational clinical administration of indigo naturalis. METHODS: The separation was performed on the Waters XBridge C18 column(4. 6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) by using liquid phase detection, with sample size of 10 μl.The mobile phase was methanol-water(V∶ V = 70 ∶ 30), and the flow rate was 1. 0 ml/min. The column temperature was 35 ℃ . The detection wavelength of PDA detector was 606 nm(indigo) and 292 nm(indirubin), the contents of indigo and indirubin in indigo naturalis decoction pieces, decoction and granules were determined. RESULTS: The contents of indigo and indirubin in indigo naturalis decoction pieces were 15. 5% and 0. 18%, the contents of indigo and indirubin in indigo naturalis granules 1 were 4. 9% and 0. 14%, and the contents of indigo and indirubin in indigo naturalis granules 2 were 8. 8% and 0. 13%, all of which met the requirements of the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China (Part Ⅰ, 2020 edition) (the range of indigo was no less than 2%, the range of indirubin was no less than 0. 13%) . Among the indigo naturalis decoction pieces, decoction and granules, the content of indigo and indirubin was the highest in indigo naturalis decoction pieces. CONCLUSIONS: According to the experimental results, it is clinically recommended to use indigo naturalis decoction pieces for direct brewing or into pills and dispersal, which is more effective, rather than indigo naturalis packet decoction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the risk factors for rebleeding within 5 years and the influencing factors for 5 — year survival in patients with liver cirrhosis and severe esophagogastric variceal bleeding ( EVB). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for 129 patients with liver cirrhosis who attended Tianjin Third Central Hospital from May 2012 to May 2014 due to severe EVB for the first time, with a fol-low — up time of 5 years. Related clinical data were analyzed, including age, sex, cause of liver cirrhosis, presence or absence of infection at the first time of bleeding, liver stiffness measurement ( LSM), splenic stiffness measurement ( SSM), portal vein diameter, biochemical parameters, rebleeding time, and prognosis. Esophagogastric variceal rebleeding was defined as the primary endpoint and death was defined as the secondary endpoint. The t — test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups, and the chi — square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups; a logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the independent risk factors for re-bleeding, and a Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the predictive indicators for 5 — year survival in EVB patients; the Kaplan —Meier curve was used to analyze the cumulative non — rebleeding rate. Results Among the 129 patients, 87(67.4% ) experienced rebleed-ing during follow — up. There were significant differences between the rebleeding group and the non — rebleeding group in the proportion of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (y2 =4.896, P =0. 027 ), portal vein diameter (t =2.203, P = 0.030), LSM( Z = —2.771, P =0.006), and SSM ( t =2. 678, P = 0. 010). The patients with alcoholic cirrhosis had a significantly higher mean number of times of bleeding than those with non — alcoholic cirrhosis ( all P <0.05 ). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that alcoholic cirrhosis ( odds ratio [ OR] =5.687, 95% confidence interval [ C/] : 1.230 — 26. 129, P = 0. 025 ), LSM ( OR = 1. 039, 95% Cl: 1. 010 — 1. 070, P = 0.007), and SSM( OR =1. 078, 95% Cl: 1. 028 — 1. 129, P = O. 001 ) were independent risk factors for rebleeding within 5 years after treatment in EVB patients. Among the 129 patients, 45 ( 34.9%) died. The univariate Cox regression analysis showed that there were sig-nificant differences between the death group and the survival group in age, times of bleeding, mean arterial pressure, portal vein diameter, aspartate aminotransferase, lymphocyte percentage, and presence or absence of infection at the first time of bleeding ( all P < 0. 05 ). Further multivariate analysis showed that 5 — year survival rate was associated with portal vein diameter ( OR = 1. 459, 95% Cl: 1. 056 —2. 014, P = 0. 022 ), age ( OR =1. 053, 95% Cl: 1.006 —1. 103, P = 0. 026 ), times of bleeding ( OR =1. 286, 95% Cl: 1.010 —1.591, P = 0.020), and presence or absence of infection at the first time of bleeding ( OR =5. 239, 95% Cl: 1.750 —15.641, P = 0.003 ). Conclusion Alcoholic cirrhosis, LSM, and SSM are independent risk factors for rebleeding within 5 yews in EVB patients, and age, times of bleeding, portal vein diameter, and presence or absence of infection at the first tint of bleeding are associated with 5 — year survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]