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In order to deepen the recognition of the trend of synergistic evolution of water resources, energy, food and ecosystem in China, a water-energy-food-ecology multi-dimensional system index system was constructed, and the coupling coordination degree model was applied to evaluate the coupling coordination degree of water resources-energy-food-ecology from 2005 to 2020 in China, and the driving force analysis was conducted by using multi-factor attribution analysis. The results show that the coupling degree of water resources-energy-food-ecosystems in China has increased from 0.55 in 2005 to 0.84 in 2020, and the coupling degree of each region has transitioned from a barely coordinated development level to an intermediate coordinated development level, and the driving force for the increase of the coupling degree of the each subsystem has gone through the process of being dominated by food subsystem, ecological subsystem and the water resources subsystem; although the contribution of the energy subsystem is relatively smaller, it may be a breakthrough for the regions to improve the coordinated development level of the multidimensional system of water resources-energy-food-ecosystem in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to effectively assess the level of water supply and demand and the intensity of water consumption in Henan Province, and to quantitatively evaluate the regional water resources use, a three-dimensional energy-value water ecological footprint model was built by combining the energy-value theory with the three-dimensional ecological footprint model, evaluating the spatial and temporal changes of water resources use in Henan Province from 2008 to 2020 in terms of the size and depth of the energy-value water ecological footprint, and predicting the per capita energy-value water ecological footprint in Henan Province in the next 10 years. The results show that: on the temporal scale, the per capita water ecological footprint size and depth are 0.07 hm² and 1.76 respectively, with an overall trend of “M” shape, peaking at 2.42 and 2.68 in 2013 and 2019 respectively; on the spatial scale, both indicators show a significant positive correlation, with the distribution of the size of the per capita energy-value water ecological footprint being high in the south and low in the north, and the distribution of the depth of the energy-value water ecological footprint being low in the south and high in the north; it is predicted that the per capita energy-value water ecological footprint in Henan Province will still show a slow increase in the next decade, growing to 0.117 hm² in 2030. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mainstream of the Yellow River has been continuously flowing for 20 years since August 1999. However，the continuous flow of the mainstream does not mean that the contradiction between water supply and demand in the basin has been truly alleviated. It is only through scientific regulation that the contradictions of water shortage have been changed from explicit to invisible，transfer from mainstream to the tributary，transfer from the river to the land surface，transfer from the surface to the underground and transfer from the concentrated dam¬age to the basin to evenly destroy. With the continuous development of the economic and social development，the academic community has begun to controversy about the lack of water of the Yellow River basin in the current conditions. Based on the review of the phenomenon of “ Yellow River Cutoff”，this paper compared the water supply and demand situation and ecological status after the cutoff from the perspective of the whole basin； and built a rigid deficiency based on the degree of system affordability，the concept of water and elastic water shortage and the criteria for division. Through the analysis and calculation，it believes that the current annual water shortage is 1.14 billion m3，of which the rigid water shortage is 6.30 billion m3 and the elastic water shortage is 5.10 billion m3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]