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为解决型钢混凝土结构的施工难题，充分发挥材料性能优势，采用钢纤维代替钢筋笼并将钢纤维混凝土集中应用于受压区，形成型钢-钢纤维混凝土局部组合梁。以组合梁长度、型钢规格、钢纤维掺量和钢纤维混凝土厚度为设计参数，完成了18个梁试件的性能试验，研究了破坏形态和荷载-挠度曲线，定量分析了试件的总能耗及能耗分布。结果表明：受到弯剪扭耦合影响，型钢-钢纤维混凝土局部组合梁的破坏形态可分类为界面破坏、弯扭破坏和弯曲破坏。多数试件的破坏对称性较好，跨中挠度的增长速率快于分载点处挠度的增长速率；少量试件的破坏严重不对称，破坏集中在单侧弯剪段，导致该侧的挠度增长速率甚至快于跨中的挠度增长速率。发生弯扭破坏的试件的平均能耗不仅小于发生弯曲破坏的试件的平均能耗，甚至小于发生界面破坏的试件的平均能耗。其他设计参数相同的情况下，当钢纤维掺量由0增加到1%时，试件的能耗明显增强，而钢纤维掺量由1%增加到2%时，能耗的增强效果并不明显。弯剪段的能耗更容易受到试件长度的影响，随着弯剪段长度的增加，虽然能耗的范围增大，但试件的峰值荷载降低，弯剪段承受的剪切作用减弱，单位长度的能耗反而有所降低。

本文鑑於過去有關校長課程領導的相關文獻，其觀點多從課程領導的內涵與課程領導者的作為或策略來描述，對於課程領導本質的理解較少探討，因而引介Fullan文化變革領導理論，嘗試以文化變革理論觀點探討課程領導，以提供校長在課程領導時的參考。 本文首先指出文化變革領導理論的時代背景與二十世紀後期的外在環境及學校教師的困境有關，其理論內涵大要為深度理解變革的意義，包括變革是一個充滿未知的旅程難以強制它依既定的程序前進、要避免掉入微管理的陷阱、深度變革是一種系統性的轉變、清晰明確的共同願景與策略太早出現是危險的、建立信賴關係是變革成功不可或缺的要素。此外，也包括文化變革領導理論的終極目標在於實踐道德目的，也提醒領導者要重新定義問題與衝突，並強調領導者的情緒智慧，並明確指出改變環境脈絡與文化再生及政策的透明性與一致性是校長的重要工作，最後應建立專業學習社群與合作文化以提升學校效能。本文接著對其理論評析，發現該理論是多重理論的聚合，且能從實證研究中建構理論以發展策略，並以成功案例為典範，兼重特徵與歷程的探究。但同時也指出該理論重視鉅觀，尚缺乏微觀問題的解決策略；理論建基在企業管理理論，於教育現場的應用上有其限制；理論背景係歐美國家，在我國的教育現場使用應審慎。最後提出文化變革領導理論對校長課程領導的啟示，包括將課程領導理解為學校文化變革的歷程，提升課程領導視野以追求公共的善，並應去除偏狹的學校行政領導觀念，改革學校文化以激勵教師的熱情與承諾，而且課程領導應依步驟循序漸進。 The purpose of this study is to explore the implications for principals’ curriculum leadership through the perspective of the Fullan’s theory of cultural changing leadership and further offer advice to the principal based on the implications of this theory. The main findings are as follow: 1.The theory develops from the dilemmas of educational practice and the main ideas of this theory are: the moral purpose is central to change; leadership is as a process of change; the leaders should establish a moral purpose, deeply understand change, build a good rapport, foster the teachers’ knowledge, make coherence, create a setting of hope, passion, and energy; and above all inspire the teachers’ commitment to change for the improvement of school. 2.There are six critiques of the theory: it is composed with multi-theory which Fullan calls “a remarkable convergence”; it is based on the researches of education practice and also develops strategies for solutions with a closer look at the characteristics and process of the cases; it lacks the solutions to the classroom practical problems; and it is limited in the application of this theory which builds on the bases of business management theories and construct in the Western background. 3.There are five implications for principal’s curriculum leadership from the theory: curriculum leadership is as a process of cultural changing leadership; the goal of curriculum leadership is to accomplish a moral purpose and common good; the scope of principal’s leadership should not be constricted in administration leadership, promote teacher’s professional commitment and restructure school’s culture; effective curriculum leadership should be based on reasonable processes.

Objective To evaluate the detailed nursing management in nosocomial infection control in the operation room. Methods Totally 70 patients undergoing surgical treatment were divided into the observation group (n=35) and control group (n=35) according to the admission sequence number. Patients in both control and observation received routing nursing management during the hospitalization period, and those in the observation group were given detailed nursing management. The rates of nosocomial infection and postoperative complications among patients were observed. The patient statifacion was evaluated by using a self-made questionnaire. The outcomes of theoretical knowledge and practice skills assessment among nurses were analyzed. Results There were three cases of nosocomial infection reported in the control group. The incidence of postoperative complications in the observation group was lower than that in the control group(P＜0. 05). The score of patient satisfaction assessment in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P＜0. 01). The scores of theoretical knowledge and practice skills assessment among nurses in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P＜0. 01). Conclusion The detailed nursing management is an effective tool for reducing risk of nosocomial infection and postoperative complications. The detailed nursing management represents a good opportunity for nurses to grow their knowledge and nursing skills, therefore improving the quality of specialized care. (目的 探讨手术室细节护理管理在医院感染控制中的应用效果。方法 选取行外科手术治疗的70例患者为研究对象, 根据入院顺序分为观察组和对照组, 各35例。对照组实施常规护理, 观察组在对照组基础上实施细节护理管理。统计两组院内感染和术后并发生情况, 采用自制量表评估患者满意度, 根据考核结果评价护理人员理论知识与实践操作水平。结果 对照组发生3例院内感染, 观察组无院内感染。观察组术后并发症发生率低于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 05)。观察组患者护理满意度评分高于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 01)。考核评价结果显示, 观察组护理人员理论知识与实践操作评分较对照组护理人员提高, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 01)。结论 落实细节护理管理能有效降低手术患者院内感染和并发症发生风险, 提升患者满意度。同时, 落实护理管理对提升手术室护士技能和专科护理质量具有积极意义。)

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Based on the prototype monitoring of the separated reinforced soil abutment project of Mingchao Expressway, the numerical model of the bridge abutment was established by FLAC software, and the force and deformation of the bridge abutment obtained from numerical simulation were compared and verified with the prototype monitoring results of the bridge abutment. Considering the correlation. among filler type, compaction process and filler mechanical properties, the influence of the filler internal friction angle on the working performance of the reinforced soil abutment was simulated and analyzed. The results show that with the increasing of filler internal friction angle, the horizontal earth pressure and vertical earth pressure of the detached bridge abutment are reduced, and the vertical displacement, the horizontal displacement and the reinforcement strain are also reduced. When the filler internal friction angle is increased to a certain degree, the optimization effect on the bearing performance is decreased. When the reinforced soil filler in the project is selected, the filler internal friction angle should be determined according to the construction conditions on the site, and the performance and economic benefit should be weighed to make reasonable choice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The design of wing rib trailing edges with flap tracks requires the determination of sizes of the rib edge strips, the webs and the topological shapes of the rib webs. Therefore, a perturbation neural network surrogate model method was proposed for the size-topology synthetical optimization. The basic idea is that, based on the sensitivity of topology optimization to parameters, the perturbation is introduced in the DOE samples to capture the topological mutation points by means of the filtering measure, and reduce the numerical noise, which greatly improves the prediction accuracy of the surrogate model. With the topology optimization process viewed as a black box, the surrogate model for the size variables and topology optimized structural responses was directly built up. Finally, optimization was carried out on the surrogate model to obtain the optimal combination of structural sizes and topological shapes. A typical calculation example of wing rib trailing edge optimization demonstrates the validity and superiority of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: To investigate the regulation of melatonin (MT) against lung injury in a mouse model of influenza virus infection by regulating the maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3)/microRNA-223 (miR-223)/nucleotide-binding oligomerization do⁃ main-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) axis. Methods: Fifty mice were randomly divided into control group, model group, and MT (low, medium, and high) dose groups, with 10 mice in each group. Except for the control group, the other groups were given H7N9 virus suspension nasal drops at a dose of 5×105 EID50, and the control group was given an equal volume of phosphate buffer nasal drops. The MT (low, medium, and high) dose groups were injected intraperitoneally with (15, 30, 60) mg/kg MT on the day after modeling, the control group and model group were intraperitoneally injected with equal volume of normal saline. The mice were sacrificed 24 h after the last administration for experiment. All mice were tested for the lung index; Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the lung tissue morphology; ELISA was used to detect the levels of interleukin IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-β in lung tissues; real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the levels of MEG3 mRNA and miR-223 in mouse lung tissues; Western blot was used to detect the protein levels of NLRP3, apoptosis-related dot-like protein (ASC), cysteine aspartate proteolytic enzyme 1 (caspase-1), and pro-caspase-1 in lung tissues. Bioinformatics prediction and dual luciferase experiments were used to detect the targeting relationship between MEG3 and miR-223, miR-223 and NLRP3. Results: The pathological results showed that the alveolar wall of the lung tissue of the model group was obviously congested, and there was obvious inflammatory exudation and inflammatory cell infiltration in the cavity; with the increase of the MT dose, the hyperemia of the alveolar wall of the mouse lung tissue, the inflammatory exudation in the cavity and the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the MT (low, medium, and high) dose group were all improved. Compared with control group, the lung index, chemokines, inflammatory factors, antiviral factors, MEG3 levels in lung tissues, NLRP3 pathway protein level in the model group were increased (P<0.05), and the miR-223 level was decreased (P<0.05); after the addition of MT, the antiviral factors increased significantly, and other indicators were improved. miR-223 had targeted regulatory relationships with MEG3 and NLRP3. Conclusion: MT can alleviate the lung injury of H7N9 influenza virus-infected mice, which may be related to the regulation of MEG3/miR-223/NLRP3 axis to relieve inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The reinforced soil structure is promoted worldwide due to its advantages of adapting to local conditions, superior performance, energy saving and carbon reduction. However, the reinforced soil structure built in seasonal frozen soil area will experience multiple freeze-thaw cycles in the whole life, and the research on the performance of reinforced soil structures influenced by freeze-thaw cycles is still insufficient. The results of investigations into the effect of freeze-thaw cycles on the reinforced materials, backfill and reinforced soil unit were presented, and the research results of performance changes of reinforced soil structures under freeze-thaw cycles were summarized from three aspects: laboratory test, field monitoring and numerical simulation, combined with practical cases. The inadequacy of the existing studies on the mechanism and evaluation index of freeze-thaw cycles on reinforced soil structure are pointed out, and the perspective on the evolution of this research area is proposed, which provides support for the design and long-term stability analysis of reinforced soil structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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