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OBJECTIVE: To probe into the effects of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) assisted by edaravone and camphor on neuronal protection, oxidative stress and cognitive function Improvement in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS: Totally 100 patients with MCI admitted into Hebei Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine from Mar. 2022 to Apr. 2023 were extracted to be divided into the observation group and control group via the lottery method, with 50 cases in each group. The control group received high-frequency rTMS treatment, while the observation group was given adjuvant treatment with edaravone and camphor on the basis of the control group. The therapeutic efficacy and adverse drug reactions of two groups were observed, and the Neurological Function Scale (NIHSS), Simplified Mental State Evaluation Scale ( MMSE), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale ( MoCA) scores and serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), neuron specific enolase (NSE), plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and C-reactive protein (CRP) of two groups were compared. RESULTS: The total effective rate of observation group was 94. 00% (47/50), significantly higher than that 78. 00% (39/50) of control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). After treatment, the MMSE and MoCA scores of both groups increased, and the observation group was higher than the control group, with statistically significant differences (P<0. 05). After treatment, the NIHSS scores of both groups decreased, and the observation group was lower than the control group, with statistically significant differences (P<0. 05). After treatment, MDA, NSE, BNP, CRP, MPO in the observation group were lower than those in the control group and before treatment, while SOD was higher than those in the control group and before treatment, with statistically significant differences (P<0. 05). The incidence of adverse drug reactions in observation group and control group was respectively 10. 00% (5/50) and 4. 00% (2/50), with no statistically significant difference (P>0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: rTMS assisted by edaravone and camphor in the treatment of patients with MCI can significantly improve cognitive function, promote neuronal repair, alleviate oxidative stress response, and improve clinical efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]