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Objective To investigate and analyze the understanding and cognition of medical professionalism among medical students in Shanghai universities. Methods A total of 574 full-time medical students from some medical colleges in Shanghai were selected. A self-designed questionnaire was used to conduct the survey. According to the experience of participating in volunteer work or anti-epidemic front-line work, medical students were divided into participating group (362) and non-participating group (212),and the influence of relevant work experience on the recognition of the importance of medical professionalism connotation was further analyzed. Results There were statistically significant differences in the cognition of Physician Declaration and Chinese Physician Declaration among medical students with different academic qualifications (P＜0. 05) . 46. 2% of medical students believed that the outbreak of the epidemic did not affect their personal career planning, and 37. 3% of medical students strengthened their determination to study medicine after the epidemic and were ready to devote themselves to the medical cause. 37. 6% of medical students believed that the epidemic had a great impact on personal professionalism, deepened their intuitive feelings about medical professionalism, and would put it into practice. 46. 5% of medical students realized the importance of medical professionalism to the development of medical education and health care. Medical students believed that the top three most important items of medical professionalism were “respect for patients” (87. 1%),“keeping calm in difficult times” (87. 3%) and “solving the gap between their knowledge and skills” (86. 2%),while the last three items were “speaking on behalf of patients” (58. 9%),“treating patients on call” (47. 9%) and “accepting inconvenient requirements for themselves to meet patients” (41. 5%) . The recognition of the importance of the connotation of medical professionalism in the participating group was significantly higher than that in the non-participating group, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0. 01) . Conclusion Medical students′ understanding of medical professionalism is still insufficient, and the spirit of altruism is relatively lacking. However, most medical students can realize the importance of medical professionalism in their own growth, development and professional practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]