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[Objective] This study aims to investigate the impact of different ages on the formation of productivity and spatial distribution patterns of aboveground and belowground carbon storage in Populus L. in northern Jiangsu, and to provide a scientific basis for enhancing the carbon sink function of poplar plantation ecosystems and for the management and operation of Populus L. [Methods] Ten poplar plantations of varying ages (2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 14, 16, 17, and 26 years) were selected as experimental plots at Sihong Forest Farm in Suqian City, Jiangsu Province, with a stand density of 6 m × 6 m. Changes in net accumulation of carbon storage were analyzed across arbor layer, herb layer, and soil layer based on plantation age. Additionally, correlations between net accumulation of carbon storage in different layers and soil physical-chemical properties were examined. [Results] (1) The carbon storage of arbor layer showed the characteristics of rapid net accumulation in the development of stand. Fitting two curves of annual average accumulation rate and successive accumulation rate shows that the optimal rotation period of poplar plantation is 15～20 years. (2) Net accumulation of soil organic carbon showed slow growth throughout plantation development while carbon storage in understory herb layer decreased over time. (3) Correlation analysis revealed positive associations between carbon storage levels within both soil and arbor layers with SOC, TN, NO-3-N, N/P and negative associations with AP, C/N, pH. [Conclusion] Applying nitrogen fertilizer during the growth of poplar plantations and conducting crop rotation during the optimal period of 15 to 20 years for soil carbon sequestration can help increase the carbon storage of the stand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Islet β cells are the exclusive cellular source of insulin synthesis and secretion, playing a crucial role in regulating blood glucose homeostasis. The impairment of islet β cells due to sustained anaerobic glycolysis pressure represents a significant factor contributing to insulin deficiency or resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Glucokinase (GK), serving as the principal rate-limiting step in glucose transport, exhibits close association with insulin secretion. Hypoxiainducible factor 1α subunit (HIF-1α) and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase (PFKFB3) act as pivotal regulatory factors within glycolysis. The HIF-1α/PFKFB3 signaling pathway participates in intricate pathophysiological processes involving islet β cell function and maintenance under high-glucose conditions. This review elucidates the mechanisms by which the HIF-1α/PFKFB3 signaling pathway mediates GK induction through anaerobic glycolysis, mitochondrial network adaptive fragmentation, oxidative stress, and dedifferentiation leading to pancreatic islet β cell dysfunction in T2DM, thereby offering novel insights for clinical prevention and treatment strategies targeting T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Materials Engineering / Cailiao Gongcheng is the property of Journal of Materials Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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The identity authentication scheme in vehicular Ad hoc network is one of the effective ways to solve many security and privacy problems in the Internet of Vehicles. However, most of the existing authentication schemes do not focus on single points of failure or information leakage. In order to solve the above problems, this paper proposed a threshold-based edgeassisted identity authentication scheme in VANET. On the premise of protecting the real identity information of the vehicle, the solution cooperated with multiple edge nodes to authenticate the vehicle, thereby avoiding the issue of a single point of failure. At the same time, in the initial cooperative authentication stage, the scheme generated a token for rapid switching of identity authentication in the authentication stage, and achieved rapid switching based on identity authentication without interacting with multiple edge nodes, which effectively reduced the authentication delay. If there was an abnormality in the authentication process, the cloud computing center could also track the malicious vehicle, restore its real identity and revoke it. The security analysis and simulation experiments show that the proposed scheme is secure and effective. Finally, it prospected the proposed scheme summarized and the future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Chinese Journal of Refrigeration Technology is the property of Shanghai Society of Refrigeration and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology / Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Research of Soil & Water Conservation is the property of Institute of Soil & Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resources and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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This research aims to elucidate the spatiotemporal evolution trends of cropland conversion to forest or fruit production in the southern mountainous regions, with a specific focus on Fujian Province, China. A comprehensive approach was adopted over the study spanning five-time points from 2000 to 2020. A raster dataset comprised the land-use data, natural environmental variables, locational conditions, and economic policy factors. Subsequently, the cropland conversion to forest or fruit production was identified through spatial overlay analysis. The optimal parameter was utilized to geographically weight the detector model. The terrain gradient classification and spatial autocorrelation analysis horizontally and vertically determined the spatiotemporal features of cropland "conversion to forest or fruit production". Furthermore, the indicators were selected from three dimensions – natural environment, locational conditions, and economic policies – to detect the key factors and interactive influences on the significant cropland conversion to forest or fruit production. The research findings indicated the following key results: 1) Cropland conversion to forest or fruit production exhibited an overall trend of "steady development followed by a sudden increase." The fourth time period witnessed a significant surge, with the converted area reaching 98 670.24 hectares. The primary regions of conversion were gradually shifted from east to west, with an increasing number of counties with conversion rates exceeding 1%. There was a reduction in the large-area patches, as the number of patches increased. 2) Horizontally, the degree of conversion shared the transition from "higher in the east, lower in the west" to "higher in the west, lower in the east." Moran's I increased from 0.396 to 0.672, indicating a clear spatial clustering of the conversion behavior. 3) Vertically, the cropland conversion to forest or fruit production exhibited a distinct topographical gradient, primarily occurring at elevations between 0 and 1 000 m, slopes of 0°-2° and 10°-20°, and terrain position indices ranging from 0.1 to 0.8, particularly in regions with the shaded and semi-shaded slopes. 4) Multiple factors were dominated in the cropland conversion to forest or fruit production. At the single-factor impact level, the economic policy demonstrated a higher explanatory power, compared with the natural and locational factors. The impact of each factor varied in the different periods, but the elevation, distance to residential areas, and GDP consistently emerged as the dominant factors with substantial explanatory power. At the multi-factor interaction level, there was mutual reinforcement among factors, with the more pronounced interactions between different types of factors within the same category. Notably, the interaction between locational factors and other elements exhibited a particularly significant enhancement. The cropland conversion to forest or fruit production complicatedly evolved from the combined influences of natural endowment, locational conditions, and economic policies. The differentiated management should be adopted in the control measures for the cropland conversion, according to the baseline conditions of cropland and the diverse driving mechanisms involved. Additionally, the cropland occupation and replenishment can be balanced to promote the spatial displacement between plain areas with forest or fruit production and hilly cropland. The research findings can offer valuable scientific insights for the coordinated development of cropland production and diversified agriculture in the southern mountainous regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University is the property of Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Clean Coal Technology is the property of Clean Coal Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to optimize the energy efficiency and spectral efficiency of decoded-and-forwarded full-duplex relay network in imperfect channel state information, this paper proposed an energy efficiency and spectral efficiency balancing strategy based on this network model. It could replace the non-convex multi-objective optimization problem to a convex single-objective optimization problem by constructing a compromise optimization function of energy efficiency and spectral efficiency. It used derivation method and Lagrange multiplier method to solve the optimal relay transmission power under different compromise factors. The simulation results show that changing the compromise factor can change the energy efficiency and spectral effectiveness of the system and obtain the performance tradeoff of energy efficiency and spectrum effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the process of silo discharge, the flow pattern of storage material changes constantly, and the pressure of silo wall shows different change rules. To investigate the flow pattern and velocity distribution, dynamic lateral pressure and corresponding overpressure coefficient during the discharge process, discrete element simulation software engineering discrete element method (EDEM) was used to simulate under two different discharge speed conditions, and the dynamic lateral pressure was compared and analyzed combined with the test results. The results show that the flow pattern of the storage material is related to its position by direct observation and overall flow index analysis, and the development process is integrated flow, tubular flow and funnel flow. The EDEM simulation results show that the static lateral pressure value and the dynamic lateral pressure distribution law are consistent with the test results, and the overpressure coefficient error is within a reasonable range. In the whole process of discharge, the overpressure coefficient under the fast velocity condition is greater than that under the slow velocity condition. The dynamic lateral pressure surge is the most obvious in the lower 1/3hn of the silo wall(hn is the height of the silo loading line to the bottom of the silo wall), and the repeated dynamic arch process inside the silo results in different vibration distribution of discharge pressure on the wall, and the overpressure coefficient at this location is higher than the current standard correction coefficient of horizontal lateral pressure Ch. It is feasible to study dynamic lateral pressure by EDEM, and the research results can provide reference for the safety design of silo structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering that travel agencies will pay attention to the demand information and electronic word-of-mouth(e-WOM)development trend of each alternative hotel when choosing partners, a method for hotel partner selection is proposed based on both information. First, the directed and weighted graph is constructed, in which the weight of the node is determined based on the demand information. Further, a time weight correction coefficient that considers the horizontal and vertical development trends of the alternatives’ e-WOM information is proposed to calculate the weight of each stage, and the TOWGA operator is used to calculate the attribute performance of each alternative hotel. By comparing the e-WOM attribute performance, the directed edge and its weight are determined. Then, the algorithm for calculating the ranking value of the alternative hotels is given based on PageRank. Finally, an example is used to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Shaanxi University of Science & Technology is the property of Journal of Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University is the property of Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

AIM: To investigate the effect of ferroptosis and autophagy on liver cell injury induced by ethyl alcohol（ EtOH）. METHODS: Mouse hepatocyte cell line AML12 was treated by various concentrations（ 0 to 800 mmol/L） of EtOH for 24, 48 and 72 h. Meanwhile, mouse hepatic stellate cell line JS-1 and human hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2 were treated with different concentrations of EtOH for 24 and 48 h. The cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay. The lipid deposition was detected by oil red O staining. The cells injury level was measured by lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） release. The expression levels of cell activation-related protein α-smooth muscle protein （α-SMA）, transforming growth factor-β1（ TGF-β1）, collagen deposition-related protein collagen type I（ Col I）, ferroptosis-related proteins solute carrier family 7 member 11（ SLC7A11）, glutathione peroxidase 4（ GPX4） and ferritin heavy chain 1（ FTH1）, and autophagy-related protein microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 （LC3） were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: （1） Treatment with EtOH reduced the viability of AML12 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The lipid deposition was increased in a concentration- and time-dependent manner（ P<0. 05）. The LDH level was significantly increased 24 h after EtOH treatment （P<0. 01）. The protein levels of FTH1 and SLC7A11 were significantly decreased 24 h after EtOH treatment （P<0. 01）, while the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I was increased with increasing EtOH treatment time （P< 0. 01）. （2） The viability of JS-1 cells was significantly increased 24 h after treatment with 50, 100 and 150 mmol/L EtOH. In contrast, the activity of JS-1 cells was substantially reduced 48 h after EtOH treatment. The protein levels of TGF-β1, α-SMA, and SLC7A11 were increased （P<0. 05） in JS-1 cells 24 h and 48 h after treatment with 50 and 100 mmol/L EtOH. Additionally, the protein expression of Col I was significantly increased （P<0. 01） across all EtOH treatment concentrations. The protein levels of GPX4 and FTH1, and the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I were decreased with increasing EtOH treatment time（ P<0. 01）.（ 3） The activity of HepG2 cells was significantly reduced after EtOH treatment in a timedependent manner. Moreover, the lipid deposition was increased in a concentration- and time-dependent manner （P< 0. 01）. The protein levels of FTH1 and GPX4 were decreased with increasing EtOH treatment time （P<0. 01） and concentration （P<0. 05）. The protein level of SLC7A11 and the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I in EtOH treatment groups were lower than those in control group. CONCLUSION: （1） Ferroptosis is decreased and autophagy is increased when the viability of AML12 cells is inhibited by EtOH. （2） Low concentration of EtOH promotes the activation and proliferation of JS-1 cells through the enhancement of autophagy, while high concentration of EtOH inhibits the activation and proliferation of JS-1 cells, and promotes the ferroptosis induced by down-regulation of SLC7A11. The autophagy of JS-1 cells is reduced and the ferroptosis is increased after EtOH treatment with increasing time. （3） The viability of HepG2 cells is inhibited and the lipid deposition is promoted through ferroptosis activation and autophagy inhibition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A scientific understanding of India's border-strategy is of great significance for China to formulate reasonable strategies towards India. Existing studies cannot explain why India has been provoking and encroachment in the Sino-India border area under the condition of the wide gap in comprehensive power between China and India, and it is difficult to provide a theoretical basis for China to adjust its strategy towards India in the future. Based on the framework of national border projected power, the paper chooses 4 time nodes, and combines historical studies and field work resources to explain Sino-India border strategic behavior in different historical phases. The results show that: ① National border projected power is the fundamental cause of national border strategic behavior. The national border projected power is mainly affected by comprehensive national power, restrictive power, geo-distance, trade relations. ② When China's comprehensive national power is powerful and unencumbered by restrictive power, the intensity of its national border projected power will rise, which will promote China to become the dominant side in the border strategic behavior of the Himalayan region, vice versa. ③ Based on the analytical framework, it is suggested that China should accurately evaluate the changes of the Sino-India national border projected power, scientifically place more emphases on the containment of external restrictive power, and reasonably enhance national projected power allocating in the border area, so as to actively respond to India's military adventures in the border area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Fire Safety Science is the property of Fire Safety Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Medical Sciences) is the property of Xian Jiaotong University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Medical Sciences) is the property of Xian Jiaotong University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine is the property of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Modern Medicine & Health is the property of Journal of Modern Medicine & Health and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is mainly caused by defective insulin secretion and insulin resistance of islet β cells. Palmitic acid is one of the most abundant free fatty acids in the human body. When its content in the body is too high, it is easy to cause lipid metabolism disorder and induce islet β cells dysfunction and insulin resistance, which are closely related to the occurrence and development of T2DM. However, the specific mechanism is not precise. The function of islet β cells could be affected by oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) induced by palmitic acid. It is also the critical pathway for destroying insulin signaling. Palmitic acid aggravates oxidative stress by increasing mitochondrial oxidation, diacyl glycerol-protein kinase C-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate pathway, changing the normal function of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and inflammatory stimulation. It also affects the folding ability of the endoplasmic reticulum, destroys the intracellular protein transport pathway, upregulates unfolded protein response-related transcription factors, makes palmitoylation, degrades carboxypeptidase E, and reduces Ca2+ in the endoplasmic reticulum to promote ERS. Both promote islet β cells dysfunction and apoptosis, ultimately leading to the occurrence and development of T2DM. This paper reviewed the relationship between palmitic acid and islet β cells, the correlation between intracellular oxidative stress and ERS and the potential Chinese and Western medicine-targeted intervention drugs such as protein kinases R inhibitor, Ginsenoside Rg1 and Sanhuang Decoction. It would provide a novel idea for the clinical treatment of T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]