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旨在为风味香榧籽油的开发提供理论支持，考察了不同加工工艺（烘烤温度和压榨工艺）对香榧籽油理化指标的影响，并采用电子鼻、顶空固相微萃取-气质联用（HS-SPME-GC-MS/MS）等技术研究不同烘烤温度（140、150、160、170、180 ℃）和压榨工艺（螺杆压榨和液压压榨）对香榧籽油中挥发性物质组成的影响。结果表明：烘烤温度和压榨工艺对香榧籽油酸值影响较小，随烘烤温度的升高，螺杆压榨和液压压榨对香榧籽油过氧化值的影响不同，但不同烘烤温度和压榨工艺条件下制取的香榧籽油酸值和过氧化值均符合GB 2716—2018中的要求；电子鼻分析表明氮氧化合物、硫化物、芳香成分、甲基类物质对香榧籽油风味的影响较大；液压压榨和螺杆压榨香榧籽油风味最浓郁的烘烤温度分别为140 ℃和170 ℃；香榧籽油中共检出挥发性物质7类42种，其中萜烯类物质占主导；不同温度烘烤后液压压榨制取的香榧籽油中共有5种挥发性物质的相对含量发生显著变化，而螺杆压榨制取的香榧籽油中有18种挥发性物质的相对含量发生显著变化，柏木脑和香芹酮为两种压榨工艺共有的相对含量发生显著变化的物质。综上，压榨工艺会影响香榧籽油达到浓郁风味所需要的热风烘烤条件，且螺杆压榨相较于液压压榨，其风味物质种类变化更加丰富。Aiming to provide theoretical support for the development of flavour Torreya seed oil, the effects of different processing techniques (roasting temperature and pressing process) on the physicochemical indexes of Torreya seed oil were investigated, and the effects of different roasting temperatures (140, 150, 160, 170, 180 ℃) and pressing processes (screw press and hydraulic press) on the composition of volatile substances in Torreya seed oil were studied by using the techniques of electronic nose and headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS/MS).The results showed that the roasting temperature and pressing process had less influence on the acid value of Torreya seed oil; with the increase of roasting temperature, screw pressing and hydraulic pressing had different influences on the peroxide value of Torreya seed oil; however, the acid value and peroxide value of the Torreya seed oil produced under different conditions of roasting temperature and pressing process complied with the requirements of GB 2716-2018; the electronic nose analysis reflected the greater influence of nitrogen oxides, sulfides, aromatic components, and methyl groups on the flavour; the roasting temperatures for achieving the most intense flavour in the two pressing methods, hydraulic press and screw press, were 140 ℃ and 170 ℃, respectively; a total of 42 volatile substances were detected in Torreya seed oil in 7 categories, of which terpenes were dominant; the content of 5 volatile substances changed significantly in hydraulically pressed Torreya seed oil and 18 in screw pressed Torreya seed oil after roasting at different temperatures, and cedrol and carvone were common in the two pressing processes. In conclusion, the pressing process affects the hot air roasting conditions required to achieve a strong flavour in Torreya seed oil, and the screw pressing results in a richer variety of flavour substances compared with hydraulic pressing.

芝麻油可能含有杂环胺9H-吡啶并\[3,4-b\]吲哚（norharman）和1-甲基-9H-吡啶并\[3,4-b\]吲哚（harman），为了有效检测芝麻油中杂环胺含量，建立了一种高效液相色谱-荧光检测法（HPLC-FLD），并对不同产地芝麻所制芝麻油中杂环胺含量进行对比。结果表明：所建立的HPLC-FLD能在15 min内实现对芝麻油中杂环胺的测定；在相同炒籽条件下，不同产地芝麻所制芝麻油中杂环胺含量有显著差异（p

为了确定高芝麻酚芝麻油的最适微波预处理条件，将芝麻水分含量调节为5个梯度，在不同微波预处理时间下制得芝麻油样品，对其芝麻木酚素含量、酸值、茴香胺值、氧化诱导时间、脂肪酸组成、生育酚含量、有害物质（多环芳烃和杂环胺）含量及感官品质进行了分析，探究芝麻水分含量和微波预处理时间对芝麻油中芝麻木酚素含量及油脂品质的影响。结果表明：微波预处理时间6 min、芝麻水分含量7%条件下制得的芝麻油芝麻酚含量较高，芝麻油酸值符合国家标准限定要求，氧化稳定性较强，有害物质杂环胺和多环芳烃含量处于适当的可控水平，同时兼顾了芝麻油的固有风味，消费者的喜爱度较高。综上，高芝麻酚芝麻油的最适微波预处理条件为微波预处理时间6 min，芝麻水分含量7%。To determine the optimal conditions of microwave pretreatment for sesamol-riched sesame oils, the moisture content of sesame seeds was adjusted to five gradients and sesame oil samples were produced under different microwave pretreatment time, and the sesame lignan content, acid value, anisidine value, oxidation induction time, fatty acid composition, tocopherol content, harmful substances (heterocyclic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) content and sensory quality of the oil were analyzed to investigate the effects of sesame seed moisture content and microwave pretreatment time on the sesame lignan content and quality of sesame oil. The results showed that when the microwave time was 6 min and the moisture content of sesame seeds was 7%, the sesame oil produced had a high sesamol content, its acid value met the limited requirements of the national standards, the oxidative stability was strong, and the content of harmful substances including heterocyclic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was at an appropriate and controllable level. In addition, taking into account the inherent flavor of sesame oil, it was highly accepted by consumers. In summary, the optimal microwave pretreatment conditions for high sesamol sesame oil are microwave time 6 min and moisture content of sesame seeds 7%.

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BACKGROUND: Lumbar facet arthritis is one of the main causes of low back pain. At present, MRI is mainly used for preliminary diagnosis, and there is still a certain probability of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. Therefore, MR T2* mapping imaging technology is expected to become an important means of quantitative detection of cartilage damage in lumbar facet arthritis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the application value of MR T2* mapping imaging technique in quantitative analysis of cartilage damage and degeneration of lumbar facet joint. METHODS: A total of 110 outpatient or inpatient patients with low back pain in Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from April 2020 to March 2022 were collected and set as case group. At the same time, 80 asymptomatic volunteers were recruited as the control group. T2* mapping transectal images and T2WI images were obtained by 3.0T MR Scanning for the facet joints of all included subjects L1-S1. Weishaupt grading and T2* value measurement were performed for all facet joint cartilage, and the data were collected for parallel statistical analysis. The comparison of T2* values of facet joint cartilage between different articular Weishaupt grades was performed by one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Statistical analysis found that the T2* value of lumbar facet joint cartilage in the case group (17.6±1.5) ms was significantly lower than that in the control group (21.4±1.3) ms (P < 0.05). (2) In the case group, with the hierarchical increase of lumbar facet joint Weishaupt, the T2* value of facet joint cartilage also showed a gradual decreasing trend, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). (3) It is concluded that T2* mapping can better display the early pathological changes of lumbar facet joint cartilage injury, and T2* value of lumbar facet joint cartilage can quantitatively evaluate the degree of lumbar facet joint cartilage injury. T2* mapping imaging technique can provide a good theoretical basis for the imaging diagnosis of the early cartilage injury induced by lumbar facet arthritis and has important clinical application value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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[Objective] The aim of this study is to explore the accuracy and applicability of different machine learning models for predicting the spatial distribution of surface soil organic carbon density (SOCD) with limited samples, which can provide a references for the study of watershed scale carbon pool in the Chinese Loess Plateau. [Methods] In this study, we compared the accuracy and stability of the predicted SOCD in topsoil (0-20 cm) by four machine learning models, namely Multiple Linear Stepwise Regression (SR), Random Forest (RF), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) and Support Vector Machine (SVM), based on the limited measured samples in a sub-watershed of Yanhe River in the Chinese Loess Plateau. [Results] (1) Under the condition of limited samples, all models successfully and appropriately predicte the spatial distribution of SOCD, among which the SVM model has the best model performance, and the average RMSE, R² and MAE of 50 predictions is 0.74. 0.43 and 0.64, respectively. (2) The average SOCD of different land use types are consistent between measured and predicted values but shows significant difference among land use types. SOCD decreases in the order: shrubland forestland > grassland > cropland. The total organic carbon of cultivated land in the study area is 2.39×106t (0-20 cm). (3) The evaluation of feature importance shows that terrain factors, NDVI max, near-infrared surface reflectance (B5) and Brightness index have significant contributions to the accuracy of predictions. [Conclusion] Under the condition of limited samples, the machine learning model combined with controlling features can be effectively applied to the prediction of the spatial distribution of topsoil SOCD at the watershed scale in the Chinese Loess Plateau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Since the implementation of the Eastern Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, it has effectively mitigated water shortages in regions like the Shandong Province. However, the contradiction between the supply and demand for water resources remains prominent. Floodwater transfer is likely to be one of the ways to solve the contradiction, but if floodwater transfer is considered, the river around the lake will open flood gates, and pollutants in the river will be leaked into the lake with the water flow, which will greatly increase the risk for the water environment in the basin. To scientifically support the flood season water environmental risk control of the East Route follow-up project and explore the risk transmission mechanism within the lake district, we employed a spatial conduction analysis model for water environment risk, focusing on the upper lake of Nansihu Lake, to quantitatively assess the water environment risk status. The probability of adjacent sub-lakes in different risk state combinations is presented the conduction patterns of water environment risk during floodwater conductions under three distinct starting water levels. The results reveal a notable consistency in risk conduction between the southern and northern parts of the upper lake. The results show that the environmental risk value of the upper lake of Nansihu Lake is the smallest when the water is transferred at high water level in a wet year and the highest in a dry year. In the case of high and medium water level water transfer, the risk is gradually transmitted from low risk to medium risk and then to high risk, while in the case of low water level water transfer, the risk is directly transmitted from low risk to high risk. For example, from Baima River to Wanfu River, the probability of low-medium risk enhanced transmission is 93%, and the probability of low-high risk enhanced transmission is 7%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: To investigate the effect of myogenic differentiation protein 1(Myod1) on the proliferation inhibition and apoptosis of the SH-SY5Y cells induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), and to elucidate its mechanism. Methods: Real-time quantitative fluorescence PCR (RT-qPCR) method was used to detect the mRNA levels of Myod1 and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) small nucleolar RNA host gene 15(SNHG15) in peripheral blood of the subjects in normal group and the patients in ischemic cerebral infarction group as well as the normal cultured SH-SY5Y cells(control group) and the cells in OGD model (OGD group). After transfecting SH-SY5Y cells with si-Myod1, pcDNA3. 0-Myod1, si-SNHG15, pcDNA3. 0-SNHG15、si-NC, Vector, miR-NC, and miR-24-3p mimics, the cells were treated with OGD, and then the SH-SY5Y cells were divided into control group, OGD group, OGD+Vector group, OGD+Myod1 group, OGD+si-NC group, OGD+si-Myod1 group, OGD+si-SNHG15 group, OGD+si-SNHG15+Vector group, OGD+si-SNHG15+Myod1 group, OGD+miR-NC group, OGD+miR-mimics group, OGD+miR-mimics+Vector group, and OGD+miR-mimics+SNHG15 group. CCK-8 method was used to detect the cell activities in various groups; 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining was used to detect the rates of EDU positive cells in various groups; the rates of TdTmediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) positive cells in various groups were detected by TUNEL staining; Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2) and Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) proteins in the cells in various groups; the association between Myod1 and SNHG15 was evaluated by chromatin immunoprecipitate (CHIP); dual luciferase reporter gene experiment was used to evaluate the targeting relationships between Myod1 and SNHG15 as well as SNHG15 and miR-24-3p. Results: Compared with normal control group, the expression levels of Myod1 and SNHG15 mRNA in peripheral blood of the patients in ischemic cerebral infarction group were significantly increased (P<0. 05). Compared with control group, the expression levels of Myod1 and SNHG15 mRNA in the SH-SY5Y cells in OGD group were significantly increased (P<0. 05). Compared with OGD group, the cell activities and rates of EdU positive cells in OGD+ Myod1 group at 48 and 72 h were decreased (P<0. 01), and the rates of TUNEL positive cells were increased (P<0. 05); the cell activities and rates of EdU positive cells in OGD+si-Myod1 group were increased (P<0. 05), while the rates of TUNEL positive cells were decreased (P<0. 01). Myod1 binded to the promoter sequence of SNHG15. SNHG15 could absorb miR-24-3p, and there were target relatronships between Myod1 and SNHG15 as well as SNHG15 and miR-24-3p. After SNHG15 knockdown, compared with OGD group, the cell activities and rates of EdU positive cells in OGD+si-SNHG15 group at 48 and 72 h were increased (P<0. 01), and the rates of TUNEL positive cells were decreased (P<0. 01), the expression levels of Bax，cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 proteins were decreased (P<0. 01), and the expression levels of Bcl-2 protein were increased (P<0. 01). Compared with OGD+si-SNHG15 group, the cell activities and rates of EdU positive cells in OGD+si-SNHG15+Myod1 group at 48 and 72 h were decreased (P<0. 05), the rates of TUNEL positive cells were (P<0. 05), the expression levels of Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-9 proteins were increased (P<0. 05), and the expression levels of Bcl-2 were decreased (P<0. 05). After over-expression of miR-24-3p and SNHG15, compared with OGD group, the cell activities and rates of EdU positive cells in OGD+miR-mimics group at 48 and 72 h were increased (P<0. 01), the rates of TUNEL positive cells were significantly decreased (P<0. 01), the protein expression levels of Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 were decreased (P<0. 05), and the expression levels of Bcl-2 were increased (P<0. 01). Compared with OGD+miR-mimics group, the cell activities and rates of EdU positive cells in OGD+miR-mimics+SNHG15 group at 48 and 72 h were decreased (P<0. 05), and the rates of TUNEL positive cells were increased (P<0. 05), the expression levels of Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 proteins were increased (P<0. 05), and the expression levels of Bcl-2 protein were decreased (P<0. 05). Conclusion: Myod1 can promote the proliferation inhibition and apoptosis of OGD-induced SH-SY5Y cells by binding to the SNHG15 promoter region and then absorbing miRNA-24. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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