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微生物与人体免疫系统的互动一直是生物医学研究的焦点。新一代测序发现不仅肠道，呼吸道也存在着微生物群，且肠-肺微生物群之间通过免疫细胞及其活性因子等形成了一个相互关联的网络。本综述旨在探讨肠道和肺部微生物群如何调节免疫应答，包括其在局部和全身免疫调节中的作用；同时，解析肠-肺轴之间的免疫联系，对深入理解微生物在免疫系统的作用及探索新的疾病诊疗策略具有重要临床意义。

综合能源系统（integrated energy system，IES）可以满足园区冷、热、电等多种能源互补的需求，实现多能耦合，进一步提升能源的利用效率。但伴随光伏和风电等可再生能源发电设备的广泛接入，其不确定性和间歇性使得综合能源系统供给灵活性降低、运行风险增大，不能有效提升可再生能源的使用效率。以系统运行成本、碳排放惩罚成本最小为目标，分析了冷热电联供对系统运行效率的影响，同时引入模糊C均值-聚类综合质量法（FCM-CCQ）对风电及光伏的出力场景进行聚类分析，运用条件风险价值（conditional value at risk,CVaR）理论对系统运行风险进行控制。通过算例分析表明，综合能源系统传统运行模式、热电解耦运行模式、冷热电解耦运行模式的CO2排放依次降低，且系统灵活性得到较大提高，系统运行的经济性得到提升。

未来信息网络对于时间同步的精度和可靠性提出了更高的要求，为了验证时间同步协议潜在的安全隐患，文章对精确时间协议（PTP）的报文和延时攻击进行了实验模拟分析。为解决传统加密方式无法抵御时间同步协议延时类攻击的问题，文章将PTP与量子秘钥分发技术相结合，提出了一种面向未来网络同步可靠性需求的量子增强安全同步协议，在加密防控报文攻击的基础上，实现对延时类攻击的检测和预警，触发保护机制。理论分析表明，该协议可主动预防针对时间同步协议的安全攻击，实现时间同步信息的安全传输。

【目的】 通过RNA干扰技术(RNAi)建立稳定性BIRC7基因沉默的Jurkat实验细胞模型。 【方法】应用pSilencer 4.1-CMV neo 构建BIRC7 shRNA 表达载体，采用脂质体将载体导入Jurkat 细胞，利用G418筛选出稳定表达shRNA 细胞后，行RT-PCR 和Western blot 等技术检测细胞BIRC7表达水平。 【结果】成功筛选出分别携带二种重组shRNA表达的Jurkat细胞系。与对照组细胞相比，转染BIRC7 shRNA的细胞BIRC7 mRNA表达下降约＞70％，BIRC7蛋白表达减少＞60％。生长曲线显示生长速度减慢，细胞倍增时间延长。细胞凋亡率增加。【结论】稳定转染重组BIRC7 shRNA表达载体能有效干扰BIRC7基因表达，表明RNAi技术可以成为研究BIRC7基因功能的有效工具。BIRC7有可能成为白血病治疗的潜在新靶点。

【目的】建立新的肝细胞癌细胞系，为肝癌实验研究提供更多纯化癌细胞。【方法】从肝细胞癌患者原发灶和门脉癌栓中获取癌组织，采用Percoll浓度梯度分离癌细胞进行培养，用微环境消化法获取癌细胞克隆并建立细胞系，对培养成功的细胞系进行生长曲线测定、染色体G带核型分析、对比基因组杂交和裸鼠接种成瘤实验。【结果】对20例肝癌组织进行癌细胞分离培养和克隆，成功建立2例细胞系H2M和H4M，这2株细胞均来自门脉癌栓，它们的染色体数目测定均为超3倍体（71．78条）。CGH检测显示H2M主要的细胞遗传学改变为染色体4q、13q、16q、17p和19p缺失和1q、3q、5p、6p、7q和8q扩增，其中有一条标记染色体含有1q和6p[t（1；6）染色体]；而H4M染色体8p，9，13q，16q缺失和6p，7p,11p，11q13扩增，其中有一条标记染色体含有一长的均染区（hsr）。H2M细胞接种裸鼠1个月，产生典型的人肝细胞癌，但H4M接种尚未能成瘤。【结论】Percoll浓度梯度分离癌细胞和微环境消化法取得癌细胞克隆是建立原代细胞系的有效方法。2例肝癌细胞系的建立为以后肝癌研究提供了实验材料，所测出的肝癌细胞系的细胞遗传学改变及在裸鼠接种成瘤．为肝癌细胞癌基因和抑癌基因筛选提供了研究线索和实验模型。

[目的]观察一个肢带型肌营养不良伴心肌损害家系患者的临床病理特点。[方法]行家系调查,家系成员行心肌酶及肌钙蛋白T、心电图、肌电图、彩超检查;4位患者取肌肉标本进行组织化学的病理观察。[结果]系谱显示4代共有9位患者,每代都出现,男女均受累及。健在5位患者,均出现进行性肌肉无力、萎缩,以肩带及盆带部明显;心肌酶及肌钙蛋白T检查正常;部分患者出现心脏扩大、心律失常、心力衰竭。病理检查见明显肌萎缩、核内移、肌裂等现象,符合肌营养不良的典型表现,Dystrophin免疫组化结果为（＋）。[结论]该家系符合常染色体显性遗传的特点;根据患者临床及病理特点,诊断为肢带型肌营养不良症伴心肌损害,以肢带型肌营养不良症ⅠB型（LGMD-ⅠB）可能性大;进一步明确其基因分型需行分子遗传学检查。

【【目的】 探讨survivin基因表达对人肺纤维母细胞（humanlungfibroblast，HLF）增殖、凋亡的影响。【方法】 构建survivin基因真核表达质粒peDNA3．1／SVN；利用脂质体转染法将其转入不表达survivin mRNA的HLF细胞系。连续培养10周。筛选出稳定表达的阳性克隆（HLF／SVN）及转空质粒对照（HLF／K）。用RT-PCR、免疫组化、Western blot检测细胞中survivin、bel-2和caspase3mRNA表达：通过观察细胞生长曲线、细胞凋亡指数。探讨转染survivin基因对HLF细胞生长、凋亡的影响。【结果】转染peDNA3．1／SVN后。在4、6、8和10周HLF／SVN细胞查见survivinmRNA表达；免疫组化和Westernblot见HLF／SVN细胞survivin阳性表达；转染后caspase3mRNA受到抑制，表达减弱或消失。HLF／SVN细胞凋亡指数（0．3％、1．0％、1．5％）皆低于HLF（0．9％、4．3％、2．1％）及HLF／K（0．8％、1．4％、2．8％）。细胞生长曲线示HLF／SVN细胞生长快于HLF和HLF／K，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。【结论】survivin基因能促进HLF细胞生长。可能通过抑制凋亡和促进细胞分裂而发挥作用。

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Surface-enhanced Raman scattering（SERS） technology has attracted significant attention and applications in various fields due to its high sensitivity, fingerprinting properties and nondestructive properties. Metal nanostructures form nano-sized gaps（nanocavity）as an important part of the SERS technique, and their morphology, composition and spacing determine the sensitivity and stability of SERS spectra. Therefore, the construction of high-quality plasmonic nanocavity has attracted much attention. The aim of this paper is to review the construction methods of nanocavity and the applications in SERS. Firstly, it introduces the principles of SERS enhancement. Secondly, the methods of preparing highly sensitive, tunable and uniform nanocavity are classified and discussed, including hydrophobic substrate self-shrinkage, two-step photo-reduction, template, self-assembly, and strain-induced cracking, etc. Thirdly, the applications of SERS technology in the fields of food safety, environmental health, and biomedicine are introduced. Finally, the future prospect of SERS technology is outlooked, pointing out the potential value of its applications and challenges in different fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Molecular biology research on osteoporosis has made progress in the fields of bone metabolism molecular signaling pathways, osteoporosis susceptibility genes, osteoporosis related proteins, and targeted treatment of osteoporosis. RANKL/RANK/ OPG, NF-KB, MAPK/ERK, M-CSF, Ca2+ , Sre, Akt, PKC signaling pathway and other important bone metabolism pathways, susceptible genes such as VDR gene, LRPS gene, MTHFR gene, ER gene, etc. As well as related proteins such as Apo E, Klotho protein, BMP, and BSP, etc. They directly or indirectly participate in the regulation of bone metabolism, with overlapping and interrelated effects, Consensus has been reached in this professional field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective To investigate the effect of berberine hydrochloride tablets combined with compound glutamine in treating ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods One hundred and two patients with UC admitted to our hospital were collected and grouped into two groups according to the random number table. Fifty-one patients in the control group were given conventional treatment+compound glutamine, and 51 patients in the experimental group were given berberine hydrochloride tablets based on the control group. Both groups were treated for 8 weeks. The efficacy, modified Mayo score, intestinal mucosal barrier function, soluble late glycation end product receptor (sRAGE), interleukin-17 (IL-17), IL-6 and incidence of untoward reactions were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group (92.2% vs. 76.5%, P＜0.05). After treatment, scores of defecation frequency, blood in stool, endoscopic findings, physician's overall evaluation, diamine oxidase (DAO), D-lactic acid, endotoxin, sRAGE, IL-17 and IL-6 were lower in both groups than those before treatment (P＜0.05), and the research group was lower than the control group (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the total incidence of untoward reactions between the experimental group and the control group (P＞0.05). Conclusion Berberine hydrochloride tablets combined with compound glutamine are effective in treating UC, which can reduce the activity of UC, improve the intestinal mucosal barrier function, regulate serum sRAGE, IL-17 and IL-6 levels, without increasing adverse reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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