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复发性阿弗他溃疡(RAU)是一种影响口腔黏膜的溃疡性疾病,其发病因素与诸多因素有关。正确了解诱发 RAU 的致病因素对其防控具有重要意义。生活干预和药物治疗是 RAU 防治的两把宝剑,应正确恰当运用, RAU 的治疗包含了 西医药治疗和传统中医药治疗,各有优劣,该文综述了 RAU 的常见病因与治疗药物研究进展,希望为 RAU 的研究提供参考. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

临床药学是以提高用药质量为后的,探常药物与疾病相互关系,研究和实践药物临床合理应用方法的綜合性应用 技术学科,其基本任务是提供药学服务,促进合理用药。目前,我国基层医院的临床药学发展较为缓慢,面临清多因难,该文用达 了我国基层医院临床精学发展織慢的內外旅,并有针对性地提出了发展建议. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells have always been a difficulty and a hot topic, which is of great significance to effectively increase the differentiation efficiency of neural stem cells into nerve cells. Recent reports have shown that purmorphamine, a small molecule compound, is widely used in various cell proliferation and differentiation experiments. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of purmorphamine in promoting the differentiation of neural stem cells into various types of nerve cells by up-regulating the Sonic Hedgehog(Shh) signaling pathway. METHODS: Primary neural stem cells were isolated from the hippocampus of mouse embryonic hippocampus. Cells at passages 2-4 were cultured in differentiation medium with purmorphamine (1 μmol/L; experimental group) or without purmorphamine (control group) for 7 and 14 days. The differentiation of neural stem cells was detected by immunocytochemistry and RT-qPCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Neural stem cells grew well in vitro, and most of the cells in the neurospheres expressed a specific marker of nestin. The cells cultured in the two groups were positive for TUJ1, GFAP, MAP2 and MBP. RT-qPCR results showed that the expression of TUJ1, GFAP, MAP2 and MBP in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group at 7 days of culture (P < 0.05). The expression of Smo, Ptc1 and Gli-1 in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group and the expression of GFAP, MAP2 and MBP was also significantly increased at 14 days of culture (P < 0.05). To conclude, purmorphmine can promote the differentiation of neural stem cells by up-regulating the Shh signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D is a key substance that promotes calcium absorption and maintains the health of skeletal system, but its relationship with bone mineral density remains controversial. OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between serum level of vitamin D and bone mineral density in the middle-aged and elderly patients in southern China. METHODS: The patients aged over 50 years old admitted in the clinic and in-patient department of a large-scale 3A hospital from July 2014 to December 2016 were enrolled and the clinical data were collected. Then, the association between the serum level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) and bone mineral density (at the lumbar spine, femoral neck and total hip) was analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 1 154 patients (77.2% female) were enrolled with a mean age of (64.62±10.48) years, and the mean serum level of 25(OH)D was (62.07±37.40) nmol/L. The serum level of 25(OH)D decreased with age increasing, and the proportion of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency in patients aged 50-59, 60-69 and ≥ 70 years old was 71.3%, 77.0% and 80.1%, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that the serum level of 25(OH)D was not associated with bone mineral density at the lumbar spine, but had a weakly positive correlation with bone mineral density at the femoral neck and total hip (r=0.09 and 0.08, P < 0.01). For patients with vitamin deficiency (25(OH)D ≤ 50 nmol/L), there was a significantly positive correlation between serum level of vitamin D and bone minerat density at the lumbar spine, femoral neck and total hip (r =0.117, 0.120 and 0.146, P < 0.01). After subgroup analysis, vitamin D level was not associated with bone mineral density in male, but was significantly associated with that in female (r=0.105, 0.135 and 0.171 for the lumbar spine, femoral neck and total hip, respectively, P < 0.01). Therefore, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is common in middle-aged and elderly patients in southern China. The serum level of vitamin D is not related to bone mineral density in male, but was positively correlated with that in female. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]