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奇点光束包括基于相位奇点的轨道角动量（OAM）光束和基于偏振奇点的柱矢量光束（CVB）。OAM光束和CVB都具有正交性,可以作为空分复用的模式应用于光通信中,为光束复用提供一个新的自由度,大幅度地提高光通信系统的容量,在光通信中具有广泛的应用前景。文章首先介绍了OAM光束和CVB的数学描述和物理特性,然后重点综述了其产生和检测方法以及在自由空间光通信和光纤通信中的研究进展,比较了OAM光束和CVB在光通信应用中各自的优势与不足之处。最后,探讨了奇点光束复用光通信的应用方向和发展趋势。

Copyright of Psychological Science is the property of Psychological Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To investigate the relationship between serum fibrin monomer (FM), thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α) and postpartum venous thromboembolism (VTE) and its predictive value. Pregnant women with VTE after delivery in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College from December 2021 to December 2023 were included in VTE group (n=45), pregnant women without VTE after delivery in our hospital during the same period were included in non-VTE group (n=180) according to the 1:4 pairing method. Serum FM, TAT, MIP-1α and D-dimer (D-D) levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The influencing factors of postpartum VTE were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis, and the predictive value of serum FM, TAT, MIP-1α and D-D levels for postpartum VTE were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Compared with non-VTE group, the serum levels of FM, TAT, MIP-1α and D-D in VTE group were increased (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that, increased age, uterine-incision delivery and increased FM, TAT, MIP-1α, and D-D were independent risk factors for postpartum VTE (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that, the area under the curve of combined prediction of serum FM, TAT, MIP-1α and D-D levels for postpartum VTE was 0.911, which was greater than 0.748, 0.755, 0.722 and 0.592 predicted by serum FM, TAT, MIP-1α and D-D levels alone. The increase of serum FM, TAT and MIP-1α levels are independent risk factors for postpartum VTE, serum FM, TAT, MIP-1α combine with D-D has a high predictive value for postpartum VTE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of South-Central Minzu University (Natural Science Edition) is the property of Journal of South-Central Minzu University (Natural Science Edition) Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Basic & Clinical Medicine is the property of Editorial Office of Basic & Clinical Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Application Research of Computers / Jisuanji Yingyong Yanjiu is the property of Application Research of Computers Edition and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To investigate the relationship between serum Irisin, mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and inflammatory factors and arteriovenous fistula (AVF) thrombosis in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods: 125 MHD patients who were admitted to Shijiazhuang People’s Hospital from January 2021 to October 2022 were selected as MHD group, patients were divided into thrombosis group (41 cases) and non-thrombosis group (84 cases) according to the presence or absence of thrombosis, and 85 healthy people who underwent physical examination in our hospital during the same period were selected as control group. The levels of serum Irisin, MBL and inflammatory factors [interleukin (IL）-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α）] were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The correlation between serum Irisin, MBL and inflammatory factors in MHD patients were analyzed by Spearman correlation, the influencing factors of AVF thrombosis in MHD patients were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression, the predictive efficacy of serum Irisin and MBL on AVF thrombosis in MHD patients were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results: Compared with control group, the serum Irisin level in the MHD group was decreased, and the levels of MBL, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were increased (P＜0.05）. Spearman correlation analysis showed that, serum Irisin was negatively correlated with IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels in MHD patients, and MBL was positively correlated with IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels (P＜0.05）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the prolonged dialysis age was extendedand, the increased platelet count, D-dimer, TNF-α, and MBL were independent risk factors for AVF thrombosis in MHD patients, and increased Irisin was an independent protective factor (P＜0.05）. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of serum Irisin and MBL combined to predict AVF thrombosis in MHD patients was 0.826, which was greater than that predicted by a single index. Conclusion: The decrease of serum Irisin level and the increase of MBL in MHD patients were relate to the increase of inflammatory factors and AVF thrombosis, the combination of serum Irisin and MBL had a higher predictive efficiency for AVF thrombosis in MHD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

目的　分析安徽省中老年人群认知障碍(CI)发病的影响因素, 建立并验证 CI风险预测模型。方法　采 取多阶段分层整群抽样方在安徽省抽取 3 200例中老年人(45岁以上)进行问卷调查, 采用中文版简易精神状态检 查量表(MMSE)对认知功能进行评估。采用 R4. 2. 2 软件将研究对象随机分为建模组和验证组(样本量比例为 7∶3), 计算安徽省中老年人群 CI的患病率, 分析安徽省中老年人群发生 CI的独立危险因素, 应用 R软件建立预测 CI的列线图并验证预测效能。结果　共纳入有效问卷数目共计3 059份(应答率95. 6%), 其中确诊CI 384例, 患病 率为 12. 6%, 其中 2 141 例(CI 265 例, 非 CI 1 876 例)纳入建模组, 918 例(CI 119 例, 非 CI 799 例)纳入验证组。 多因素 Logistic分析结果显示, 女性, 高龄, 家族史, 低文化程度, 吸烟, 睡眠障碍, 高血压, 脑卒中, 糖尿病为CI的独 立危险因素, 而运动为其独立保护因素；根据以上影响因素绘制列线图预测模型并验证, 建模组和验证组受试者工 作特征曲线下面积分别为0. 845(95% CI 0. 822 ~ 0. 868)和0. 868(95% CI 0. 835 ~ 0. 902), 提示该模型预测效能良 好。霍斯默·莱梅肖拟合优度检验结果显示, 建模组和验证组P值分别为0. 325和0. 722, 提示该模型具有较好的拟 合优度；决策曲线评估列线图在阈值内具有较高的获益性。结论　女性, 高龄, 家族史, 低文化程度, 吸烟, 睡眠障 碍, 高血压, 脑卒中, 糖尿病为安徽省中老年人群发生CI的独立危险因素, 而运动为其独立保护因素；根据上述影响 因素建立的CI风险预测模型预测效能较好。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: To investigate the effect of Camrelizumab combine with chemotherapy on immune function, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR) in patients with advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Used retrospective analysis, 100 patients with advanced non-squamous NSCLC who were admitted to the first affiliated hospital of Anhui medical university north district from January 2020 to December 2022 were selected, and patients were divided into control group (n=48) and observation group (n=52) according to the treatment methods. Control group received chemotherapy with pemetrexed disodium combined with cisplatin injection or nedaplatin for injection, and observation group received Camrelizumab treatment on the basis of control group. The efficacy, immune function, tumor markers, NLR, and CAR were compared between two groups, and the incidence of adverse reactions during treatment were observed simultaneously in two groups. Results: Compared with control group, the clinical total effective rate in observation group was higher (P<0.05). 4 cycles after treatment, compared with control group, the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen 21-1 (CYFRA21-1), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), NLR, CAR and CD8+ in observation group were lower, while CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ were higher (P<0.05). There was no difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Patients with advanced non-squamous NSCLC combine with Camrelizumab treatment on the basis of chemotherapy, which is helpful to control disease progression, improve clinical efficacy, reduce tumor markers levels, improve immune function, and reduce NLR and CAR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Flaxseed-based milk has great potential for health promotion and disease prevention, due to its rich in α-linolenic acid and plant-derived nutrients. However, the tough seed coat of flaxseed is covered with dense protective layers, such as colloids and fibrous cells, which severely limits the effective release of endogenous proteins, fats and nutrients in flaxseedbased milk. Moreover, the presence of cyanogenic glycosides in flaxseed also increases the obstacles to the daily consumption of flaxseed-based milk. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the dissolution of nutrients with the reduced antinutritional factors for the high quality and safety of the flaxseed milk. Furthermore, food safety, nutrition, sensory properties and stability can also be strengthened for the development of the flaxseed-based milk industry. In this study, moisture modulation and microwave processing were combined to prepare the flaxseed-based milk. A systematic evaluation was made to clarify the effects of moisture and microwave treatment on the physical and chemical stability, nutrient dissolution, safety index-cyanogenic glycosides content, and volatile components of flaxseed-based milk. The highly toxic hydrocyanic acid was evaporated along with the moisture during the microwave process, and then rapidly reduced the cyanogenic glycoside content of the seeds. Moderate moisture modulation (<17%) reduced the microwave energy absorption of flaxseed, in order to avoid the destruction of the oil body membrane structure for the high stability of the system. In addition, the contents of total phenolics and lignans in flaxseed-based milk with the moisture (20%) treatment were 1.77 and 1.66 times higher than those without moisture treatment. Notably, the total phenols and lignans in the flaxseed-based milk increased sharply, when the moisture content increased to 12.79%, but slowly increased as the moisture content continued to increase, especially the lignans. Microwave treatment promoted the molecular vibrations in the flaxseed constituents, and then destroyed the integrity of the cell wall, as well as breaking the glycosidic bonds via high-frequency electromagnetic waves. During microwave irradiation, the moisture molecules were penetrated mainly from the inside out, leading to drastic changes in the cell structure for the migration and dissolution of nutrients. Therefore, proteins and polysaccharides in natural complex systems were more conducive to the dissociation from compounds. But the moisture modulation was adverse to the production of flaxseed-based milk flavor. Meanwhile, the excessive input of microwave energy caused the extreme distortion of molecules, even the breaking of valence bonds, leading to the irreversible degradation of nutrients. The flavor properties of the flaxseed-based milk were enhanced to increase the microwave terminal temperature. There was a 105-fold increase in the nutty flavor and an 81-fold increase in roasted nut, coffee and sweet flavor in the flaxseed-based milk after 8 min of microwave. Furthermore, the flavor value of flaxseed-based milk was reduced after further excessive microwave (microwave time 10 min), due to the decomposition of aroma substances. Thus, the appropriate moisture content and microwave input can be expected to ensure the edible safety and nutritional quality of flaxseed-based milk. The combined treatment of moisture modulation (12.79%) and microwave (8 min, 140-145 ℃) promoted the dissolution of nutrients for the higher flavor value, thus improving the comprehensive quality of flaxseed milk. The findings can provide theoretical and data support for the high-value production of flaxseed plant-based milk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics (2097-2806) is the property of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

脑胰岛素信号在维持海马神经干细胞生态位及神经元活动中发挥重要作用. 鉴于海马 是参与学习、记忆、认知等功能形成与调节的重要脑区，该脑区胰岛素抵抗（IR）可能是 2 型糖尿病 （T2DM）发生认知异常甚至认知障碍的关键因素. 该文就胰岛素信号在成人海马神经发生和海马突 触活性分子机制中的正常/异常调节对认知功能的影响进行总结，以期为糖尿病认知功能损害的预防 及治疗提供思路. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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报道1例在山东中医药大学附属医院 (山东中医药大学第-临床医学院) 内分泌科就诊 的2型糖尿病 (T2DM) 合并动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病患者应用利拉鲁肽的诊疗过程。患者为54岁 男 性, 因 发 现 血 糖 升 高 7 年 入 院 。 既 往 明 确 诊 断 为 T2DM, 入 院 后 完 善 各 项 检 查, 空 腹 血 糖 9.41 mmol/L, 餐后 2 h 血糖 12.90 mmol/L。因患者合并脂肪肝, 动脉粥样硬化, 肥胖, 予利拉鲁肽 (1.2 mg, 1 次/d), 阿卡波糖 (50 mg, 3 次/d), 盐酸二甲双胍 (1.0 g, 2 次/d) 联合降糖治疗。血糖控制良 好, 患者对治疗效果非常满意. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to study the acute toxicity of the extract of FRLE of Xinjiang on mice and subchronic toxicity in rats, and to evaluate the safety of FRLE. In the acute toxicity experiment of mice, different levels of FRLE were given to mice intragastric administration, and the LD50 and MTD were tested. In the subchronic toxicity test of rats, SD rats in low, medium and high FRLE groups were gavage with 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 g/kg FRLE, respectively; SD rats in blank group were gavage with equal volume of normal saline for 30 d, to observe the physiological state of the rats.. The results showed that the LD50 of FRLE in mice was more than 66.7 g/kg, and the MTD was 60 g/kg. During the subchronic toxicity experiments, the rats had no abnormal reactions, and there was no significant difference in body weight and organ coefficients in the administered groups compared with the blank group (P>0.05). The blood routine and blood biochemical indexes were in the normal reference range, and no pathological abnormalities were found in the organ tissues. The study indicates that FRLE is non-toxic grade, no toxic reactions occurred in rats with long-term administration, and has high medicinal safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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