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Copyright of Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystal & Displays is the property of Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystal & Displays and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Inorganic Analytical Chemistry / Zhongguo Wuji Fenxi Huaxue is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Condiment is the property of China Condiment and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Henan University of Technology Natural Science Edition is the property of Henan University of Technology Journal Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Chongqing University of Technology (Natural Science) is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Chongqing University of Technology (Natural Science) is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Henan University of Technology Natural Science Edition is the property of Henan University of Technology Journal Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mechanical & Electronic Control Engineering is the property of Omniscient Pte. Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Urban Architecture & Development is the property of Omniscient Pte. Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Henan University of Technology Natural Science Edition is the property of Henan University of Technology Journal Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Oilfield Chemistry is the property of Sichuan University, Oilfield Chemistry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Engineering Mechanics / Gongcheng Lixue is the property of Engineering Mechanics Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science Technology & Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Technology Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Progress in Modern Biomedicine is the property of Publishing House of Progress in Modern Biomedicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

颅缝早闭是由颅缝过早融合而引起的一种先天畸形，常常表现为各种头颅畸形或颅面部以外的其他系统畸形；颅 底位于头颅的中心位置，为一特殊的解剖区域，其经历了一系列精细复杂的生长发育过程；颅底的主要功能是保护和支持大脑， 同时为面部结构的生长提供了平台，颅底在颅骨、面部及大脑的发育过程中都扮演了关键角色。目前关于颅缝早闭的研究多集 中于颅骨，而对其颅底的研究仍有限，现就颅缝早闭症的颅底结构特点作一综述。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to scientifically formulate road parking management methods, by observing the speed changes of motor vehicles and non motor vehicles on the road under different traffic flows when a typical road is 12 meters wide with parking on both sides, the interaction law between traffic flow and speed when motor vehicles and non motor vehicles mixed was explored, and the threshold value of non motor vehicles and motor vehicles for road parking was proposed according to the degree of influence. Then a simulation scenario was built by using software to explore the grouping of parking spaces and the impact of the distance between each group of parking strips on road traffic. The results show that when the one-way non motor vehicle flow per lane is 420 bic / h, the speed change rate of motor vehicles is larger, which is about 15% lower than that in the free flow state; When the non motor vehicle flow is less than 420 bic / h and the motor vehicle flow is more than 368 veh / h, the motor vehicle speed changes significantly, and the speed decreases by about 30%. When the number of parking spaces is grouped into groups of six and the distance between each group of parking strips is 18 meters, road parking has the least impact on traffic conditions. It concluds that the optimal layout and flow threshold of parking spaces are obtained, that is, the non motor vehicle flow of 420 bic / h and the motor vehicle flow of 368 veh / h are taken as the constraints of road parking management time level, and road parking should not be allowed in the period that does not meet the constraints, so as to achieve the purpose of not affecting the normal traffic operation and solving the parking demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

目的 颅面短小畸形 (craniofacial microsomia, CFM) 是一组临床表型多样的先天性颅颌面畸形, 除可累及颅面骨 骼及体表软组织器官外, 患者的口颌功能及呼吸通气功能也会受到影响. CFM 患者中阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停 (obstructive sleep apnea, OSA) 的发病率为 7%~67%, 远高于一般人群 (3%~4%). OSA 可引起肺动脉高压、肺心病以及猝死等多种严重并发症. 因 此, 对于 CFM 患者 OSA 的早期筛查、诊断以及干预在 CFM 的综合治疗中至关重要. OSA 的常见治疗方式包括持续气道正压等 保守治疗及正颌手术、牵张成骨术、气管切开术等多种手术方式. 由于 CFM 的特殊颅面畸形使得 OSA 的治疗更加复杂, 应根据 患者的临床症状、畸形程度、年龄及合并症等多种因素制定个性化的治疗方案. 现就 CFM 患者 OSA 的相关诊疗进展作一综述. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystal & Displays is the property of Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystal & Displays and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Southern Energy Construction is the property of Southern Energy Construction Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Due to the limited road resources being competed by motor vehicles and bicycles, the cycling environment has been deteriorated. How to improve the cycling environment and improve the decision-making level of cycling lane improvement is the key to ensuring bicycle travel. The fuzzy synthetic evaluation model of urban cycling environment was proposed through the following two steps: 13 evaluation indicators were analyzed and selected from road facilities and traffic operations. The weight coefficient of each indicator was determined by the combined weighting method that the analytic hierarchy process and the entropy method based Lagrangian conditional extremum principle. Finally, the feasibility of the model was further verified by selecting some roads in Chaoyang District, Beijing as an example. The research results show that the improvement priority of cycling environment based on road facilities and traffic operations scores can provide clear improvement guidance for the poor cycling environment. In this way, blind improvement measures without direction can be avoided, and thus a better effect of improving the cycling environment can be achieved with less social resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Modern Food Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Office of Modern Food Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The saponins in Panax notoginseng and Xueshuantong injection (freeze-drying) were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and HPLC-electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF MS). Through comparing the number of common peaks and the peak area ratio of saponins in Panax notoginseng and Xueshuantong injection (freeze-drying) to discuss the transformation loss of saponins from Panax notoginseng to Xueshuantong injection (freeze-drying). HPLC method was established to analyze the Xueshuantong injection (freeze-drying), and the analytes were separated on Waters XBridge C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm×5 μm) at the constant flow rate of 0.35 mL/min. The column temperature was set at 40 ℃. 0.01% FA (A)-0.01% FA-CAN (B) was used as mobile phase for the gradient elution, and the detection wavelength was 203 nm. HPLC-Q-TOF MS was performed in ESI negative ion mode for data acquisition. Under this analytical condition, the saponins in Panax notoginseng were well separated and the chromatographic peaks were highly symmetrical. The comparative analysis of saponins in raw materials of Panax notoginseng and Xueshuantong for injection (freeze-dried) showed that notoginsenoside R1, ginsenosides Rg1, ginsenosides Re, ginsenosides Rg2, ginsenosides Rb1, ginsenosides Rd, ginsenosides F2 and gypenoside ⅩⅦ were detected in Panax notoginseng extract and Xueshuantong for injection (freeze-drying), and the peak area ratios were 2.55, 6.88, 3.02, 9.75, 31.30, 15.68, 15.98, 714.34, respectively. The results showed that the transfer rates of saponins from raw materials to final preparations were significantly different. The highest transfer rate of saponins was notoginsenoside R1, while the most lost substance in the production process was gypenoside ⅩⅦ. The study is helpful to clarify the material migration law of Xueshuantong injection in the production process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Southeast University / Dongnan Daxue Xuebao is the property of Journal of Southeast University Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Aesthetic & Plastic Surgery is the property of Chinese Journal of Aesthetic & Plastic Surgery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food & Machinery is the property of Food & Machinery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Aesthetic & Plastic Surgery is the property of Chinese Journal of Aesthetic & Plastic Surgery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

吹口哨面容综合征 (whistling face syndrome, WFS) 是一种先天性肌病颅面综合征。临床表现变异性极大。主要临床 表现为严重的小口畸形, 撅嘴如吹口哨状、鼻唇沟深、内眦赘皮、睑裂狭小、下颌“V”或“H”形的瘢痕样凹陷。有的患者会有手指 屈曲挛缩、内翻马蹄足等症状。神经认知功能一般无异常。该病确切发病率未知。现就 WFS 研究进展作一综述。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Modern Medicine & Health is the property of Journal of Modern Medicine & Health and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Aesthetic & Plastic Surgery is the property of Chinese Journal of Aesthetic & Plastic Surgery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Forensic Science & Technology is the property of Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystal & Displays is the property of Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystal & Displays and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine is the property of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To study the characteristics of soil moisture deficit under different vegetation types in a water-wind erosion crisscross area, this study chose six typical forests( Populus simonii, Armeniaca sibirica, Amygdalus davidiana, Caragana korshinskii, Populus hopeiensis, and Hippophae rhamnoides) in Wuqi County, Yan' an City, Shaanxi Province, as the research targets. Based on an analysis of the dynamic change characteristics of forest soil moisture, the study aimed to provide a basis for high-quality and sustainable development of water and soil conservation in vegetated areas. The results showed that the soil moisture in the 0-300 cm soil layer of the six forest lands exhibited significant vertical variation. It first increased and then decreased as soil depth increased. The soil moisture of each soil layer in the six forest lands exhibited clear seasonal variations. The top soil layer exhibited a high coefficient of variation, and this coefficient decreased as soil depth increased. Moreover, there were differences in the soil moisture active layer of the six forest lands. Among these forests, the soil moisture active layer was deepest in H. rhamnoides forest (80 cm), and other vegetation types had relatively shallow (20-40 cm) active layers. In the 0-100 em soil layer, the vertical variation trends in soil water storage differed considerably among forest lands. There were significant differences among P. simonii, P. hopeiensis, and H. rhamnoides (P<0.05). The soil water storage of H. rhamnoides in each season increased first and then decreased as soil depth increased. The water storage deficits of different vegetation types were significantly different; the degree of the soil water deficit in different seasons was in the order of autumn>spring summer [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Henan University of Technology Natural Science Edition is the property of Henan University of Technology Journal Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to characterize the soil quality of returning farmland to forest (grass) land in the loess region of northern Shaanxi, particularly on its response to the precipitation. Taking Wuqi county, Shaanxi Province as the research area, three precipitation gradients were divided into 370-395, 440-445, and 460-470 mm. Correspondingly, three typical locations were also selected as Wangwazi (370-395 mm), Dajigou (440-445 mm), and Baibao (460-470 mm). A quantitative evaluation was carried out in three precipitation areas, combining with the soil quality index. The comprehensive scores were achieved, including the soil physical structure, water holding capacity, salinity, carbon sink index, and available nutrient index, for the widespread Robinia pseudoacacia, Hippophae rhamnoides, and grassland. An attempt was made to clarify that the soil quality characteristics changed with precipitation gradients after vegetation restoration. The results showed that: 1) Precipitation, vegetation types, and their interaction had significant effects on soil indicators (P<0.05). 2) In the 460-470 mm precipitation area, Robinia pseudoacacia forest (0.829) had the best effect on soil quality improvement, followed by Hippophae rhamnoides forest (0.808). The soil quality of both reached the fertile level, and the difference was not significant. Grassland (0.679) had the lowest soil quality index, and the soil was at a more fertile level. In the 440～445 mm precipitation area, the Hippophae rhamnoides (0.764) had the best comprehensive soil quality indexes, followed by the Robinia pseudoacacia (0.672), both of which reached a relatively fertile level, whereas, the grassland (0.479) had the lowest soil quality index at a medium level. In the 370-395 mm precipitation area, the comprehensive soil quality index of the three vegetation types from large to small was Hippophae rhamnoides forest (0.792), Robinia pseudoacacia forest (0.433), grassland (0.270). The soil quality grade of Hippophae rhamnoides forest was relatively higher. Robinia pseudoacacia forest and grassland were at the medium and barren level, respectively. 3) Within the precipitation gradient of 370-470 mm, the soil quality index of three planting types all decreased with the decrease of precipitation. Among them, the Hippophae rhamnoides forest (2.34%) had the lowest coefficient of variation of the comprehensive index of soil quality, whereas, the Robinia pseudoacacia forest and grassland had higher coefficient of variation (25.27% and 34.34%, respectively). The findings can provide scientific datum and theoretical support to implement ecological forestry projects, with an emphasis on the vegetation restoration and reconstruction under the precipitation gradient of 370-470 mm in the loess area of northern Shaanxi, China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

半侧颜面短小畸形（hemi facial microsomia，HFM）是一种常见的颅颌面畸形，但临床表现各不相同，应根据患者的 畸形严重程度、年龄等因素，采取个性化综合治疗方案。其中严重HFM 患者颞下颌关节重建是治疗的重点，也是尚未很好解决 的难点。目前主要的重建方法包括自身组织移植及人工颞下颌关节假体置入。现就这两种重建HFM 患者颞下颌关节的方法及 效果的研究进展作一综述。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Prataculturae Sinica is the property of Acta Prataculturae Sinica Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tunnel Construction / Suidao Jianshe (Zhong-Yingwen Ban) is the property of Tunnel Construction Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

【Objective】To determine the genetic diversity of agronomic traits of quinoa germplasm resources. 【Methods】Genetic diversity,clustering,correlation and principal component analysis were conducted on 10 agronomic traits of 50 germplasm resources of quinoa.【Results】The germplasm tested of the variation coefficient from high to low was yield(42.67%),spike grain weight(40.18%),panicle weight(38.27%),branch number(34.13%),1 000 seed weight(29.59%),spike length(21.88%) and grain diameter(9.47%).The average genetic diversity index was 1.48.The tested germplasms were divided into 4 categories.Among them,the average yield,thousand-grain weight,main spike weight and spike-grain weight of the second germplasm group were the highest,which could be used as parents of high-yield quinoa breeding.The cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components of principal component analysis to variation reached 84.38%.In the principal component analysis,the first principal component was the yield component,the second principal component was the grain component,and the third principal component was the branching factor.There was a significant positive correlation between grain diameter and 1 000-grain weight(P<0.01).Spike grain weight and spike weight were positively correlated with yield(P<0.01).Panicle length,branch number and1000-grain weight were negatively correlated(P<0.05).【Conclusion】The characters of 50 germplasm of quinoa had abundant variation and extensive diversity.Thirteen excellent and high yield germplasm including purple quinoa,D3-1-1,42,F3-1,SC2,J2-1-1,J3-2,A2-2,L4-1-2,F4-1-1,C3-1-2-3,A4-3 and H1-2 had been screened [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To establish a precise method of three-dimensional maxillary cephalometric measurement for hemifacial microsomia. On this basis, to explore the characteristics of maxillary development in children with hemifacial microsomia. Methods Spiral CT scan data of 60 untreated patients with unilateral hemifacial microsomia was collected. Three-dimensional images were reconstructed and measured using Mimics software. Intra-class correlation coefficient, paired t-test and linear regression were used for statistical analyses. Results The reliabilities of all the maxillary measurements were good (ICC>0.73). There were no significant differences in maxillary posterior and arch width between the affected and contralateral sides in type III (P>0.05). From typeⅠto type IIb, the maxillary posterior width ratio gradually increased, the maxillary posterior height ratio gradually decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion Three-dimensional measurement of maxilla in hemifacial microsomia using spiral CT reconstruction is reliable. This method provides a basis for analyses of maxillary deformity of different types of Pruzansky-Kaban classification. The maxillary transverse development of type III is not significantly disturbed. The maxillary deformity is increasingly aggravated from typeⅠto IIb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]