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1,3-二不饱和脂肪酸-2-棕榈酸甘油三酯（UPU）是指甘油骨架的sn-1、sn-3位连接不饱和脂肪酸、sn-2位连接棕榈酸的一类甘油三酯的总称，其在母乳脂肪中含量最高，可为婴儿提供更加均衡的脂肪酸和甘油三酯，对婴儿生长发育有特殊的生理功能。为对开发新型母乳结构脂肪提供理论支持，系统介绍了不同国家、地区母乳脂肪中3种sn-2棕榈酸甘油三酯UPU、UPS、SPS的含量，我国成熟期母乳中UPU的组成和含量，从降低婴儿粪便硬度、促进脂肪和矿物质吸收、保护肠道健康，提供更多种类、比例更稳定均衡的脂肪酸等方面，论述了UPU的功能作用及其消化和吸收特性，另外对比了市售营养强化剂OPO与母乳中UPU组成的差异，通过分析提出LC-MS方法更适合婴儿配方奶粉中OPO含量的测定。 1,3-Diunsaturated fatty acid-2-palmitin triacylglycerols (UPU) are the triacylglycerols that unsaturated fatty acids combined at sn-1 or 3 position, and palmitic acid located at the sn-2 position. UPU has the highest content in human milk fat, providing infant balanced fatty acids and triacylglycerols which are important for infant growth. In order to provide the scientific basis for the development of novel human milk fat substitutes, the contents of three sn-2 palmitate triglycerides UPU, UPS and SPS in human milk fat in different countries and regions, and the composition and contents of UPU in maturing human milk in China were systematically introduced, the function of UPU in terms of reducing fecal hardness, promoting fat and mineral absorption, protecting intestinal health of infants, providing a wider variety of fatty acids in a more stable and balanced ratio, and its digestive and absorption properties were discussed, and the differences in the composition of commercially available nutritional fortifier OPO and UPU in human milk were compared.The LC-MS method was proposed to be more suitable for the determination of OPO content in infant formula.

目的为了探索聚乙二醇修饰脂质体阿霉素(PLD)联合顺铂在骨肉瘤化疗中PLD的最大耐受剂量(MTD)。方法纳入经病理确诊的转移性或不可切除的骨肉瘤患者14例，接受1个周期的PLD联合顺铂方案化疗。PLD分为3个剂量水平(40、50和60 mg/m2，第1天)，每个剂量组计划入组3例患者，按3+3方法进行剂量递增；顺铂(100 mg/m2，分成4 d使用)的剂量保持不变；每21 d一个疗程。受试者在化疗结束后48 h接受粒细胞刺激因子预防性升白细胞治疗。按照NCI CTCAE v4.0统计不良反应。结果纳入研究的患者中有男性9例，女性5例，中位年龄为20 (14～43)岁。在PLD剂量递增至60 mg/m2剂量组，入组的2例患者均出现3级口腔黏膜炎合并4级中性粒细胞减少性发热，达到剂量限制性毒性，因此下调一个剂量等级。在50 mg/m2剂量组，一共入组9例患者，仅1例患者出现剂量限制性毒性，表现为4级血小板减少持续大于3 d。在入组的所有患者中，观察到的3～4级不良反应为中性粒细胞下降(12例，12/14)、血小板减少（7例，7/14）、贫血（4例，4/14）及口腔黏膜炎(2例，2/14)。所有不良反应经对症、支持治疗后均可缓解，无治疗相关死亡。结论在PLD联合顺铂治疗晚期骨肉瘤的化疗方案中，PLD的最大耐受剂量为50 mg/m2，主要剂量限制性毒性为口腔黏膜炎及中性粒细胞减少性发热，不良反应经对症治疗后可缓解。

红细胞分布宽度（red blood cell distribution width，RDW）是反映红细胞体积分布离散度的 指标，其升高主要见于各种类型的贫血。近年来，越来越多的研究着力于探究RDW与心脑血管疾病之 间的相关性，国内外多项研究结果表明，RDW与心血管疾病及急性缺血性卒中（acute ischemic stroke， AIS）之间有一定的相关性，不仅可用于辅助预测AIS发病率，还可辅助评估AIS患者的病情严重程度并 预测患者的预后。本文就RDW与AIS的发病、病情严重程度及预后等之间的关系进行综述。 Abstract: Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is an index reflecting the heterogeneity of erythrocyte volume distribution, which is closely related to various kinds of anemia. In recent years, more and more studies have revealed that RDW is related to cardiovascular diseases and stroke. It can help to predict the probability of AIS, assess the severity of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and predict their prognosis. This article reviews the relationship between RDW and AIS in the terms of incidence, severity of illness, and prognosis.

鸟类的个体空间分布和群落空间结构有多种影响因素,以往多数研究主要关注生境偏好的重要作用,而忽略个体间相互作用的影响,原因之一是较难排除环境所起的作用。互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)作为一种外来入侵植物扩散到江苏大丰麋鹿国家级自然保护区之后,在当地盐沼生境形成了以互花米草为优势种的单优群落和与本土植被构成的混生群落。该群落生境类型为同时探究个体间相互作用及生境偏好在鸟类群落空间结构中的作用提供了一个十分难得的天然实验场。前期对保护区调查发现该生境中繁殖鸟的种类和数量都较少,斑背大尾莺(Locustella pryeri)为优势种。为揭示盐沼生境中鸟类群落空间结构的影响因素,我们于2014年3～5月共进行了4轮调查,通过观察确定雄鸟的领域范围,使用样方法采集8个生境植被参数; 利用计算机模拟随机分配,使用多尺度分析的方法讨论了6个鸟种的36种关系。研究结果表明,个体间相互作用和生境偏好共同影响该盐沼鸟类群落的空间结构。本研究为探索鸟类在入侵植被中建群和扩散的机制提供了理论基础,有助于揭示鸟类如何适应迅速改变的环境提供了重要依据。

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Objective To observe the intervention of L-carnitine on acute kidney injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in septic mice and to explore its mechanism. Methods Thirty male SPF-grade C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: the control group, model group, and L-carnitine group, with 10 mice in each group. Mice in the model group and L-carnitine group received intraperitoneal injection of LPS to establish the acute kidney injury models induced by sepsis, while mice in the L-carnitine group were pretreated with L-carnitine before LPS administration. Mice in the control group were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline. Mice were euthanized seven days after modeling to measure serum kidney function indicators, including creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL). HE staining was performed to observe renal tissue pathological damage. Serum inflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL) -8, and IL-6, were detected. Additionally, lipid metabolism indicators, including ATP, triglycerides, and lipids in renal tissues were measured, as well as the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) protein in kidney tissues. Human proximal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2 cells were divided into the Control, pSilencer3. 1, and siCPT1 groups. Cells in the pSilencer3. 1 and siCPT1 groups were transfected with the corresponding plasmids pSilencer3. 1 and siCPT1, respectively; while cells in the Control group were not transfected. ATP and triglyceride levels in cells were measured at 48 h after transfection. HK-2 cells were divided into the control, model, and L-carnitine groups. Cells in the model and L-carnitine groups were stimulated with LPS for 12 h to simulate an in vitro sepsis model, with the L-carnitine group receiving Lcarnitine pretreatment for one hour prior to LPS treatment. Cells in the Control group underwent no special treatment. The expression of CPT1 protein, ATP, and triglyceride levels in the cells were measured. Results Compared with the control group, the model group exhibited increased serum kidney injury markers, levels of inflammatory factors, positive Oil Red O staining rates, and triglyceride content, and decreased ATP levels and CPT1 protein expression (all P<0. 05) . Compared with the model group, the L-carnitine group showed decreased levels of serum kidney injury markers, inflammatory factors, positive Oil Red O staining rates, and triglyceride content, as well as increased ATP levels and CPT1 protein expression (all P<0. 05), with alleviated renal pathological changes. The siCPT1 group had lower ATP content and higher triglyceride content than the Control and pSilencer groups (all P<0. 05) . The expression of CPT1 protein and ATP content were lower, while triglyceride content was higher in the model group than in the Control group; conversely, the L-carnitine group had higher CPT1 protein expression and ATP content, and lower triglyceride content as compared with the model group (all P<0. 05). Conclusions L-carnitine intervention can mitigate acute kidney injury in LPS-induced septic mice and reduce renal tissue inflammation. The mechanism may be related to the up-regulation of CPT1 protein expression and regulation of renal fatty acid metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foundation pit monitoring is crucial for ensuring the safe construction of foundation pits, Horizontal displacement monitoring of deep soil is an important aspect of foundation pit monitoring. At present, sliding inclinometers are mostly used for measuring deep horizontal displacement, but with the gradual improvement of information technology in foundation pit monitoring, the application of fixed inclinometers is also gradually being promoted. Fixed inclinometers are commonly used for long term stability monitoring of support structures, underground engineering, and other structures. They have high stability and measurement accuracy, making them suitable for long-term stability monitoring. This study verified the feasibility of using a fixed inclinometer to measure the deep horizontal displacement of support piles through indoor and outdoor experiments, and has high practical significance for the development of deep horizontal displacement monitoring technology for deep foundation pit support structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In today's highly competitive market environment, corporate managers face external pressure from stakeholders to achieve short-term profit targets, as well as internal pressure to maintain their positions, compensation, and benefits. Under these dual pressures, managers may engage in myopic behavior that prioritizes short-term gains at the expense of the company's long-term interests, which can be detrimental to the company's sustainable development. Therefore, effectively curbing managerial myopia remains a critical challenge in corporate governance practice. Although there has been an increasing amount of research on managerial myopia. few studies have explored the impact of corporate digital transformation on this behavior. Based on the text analysis method of machine learning. this paper constructs an enterprise digital transformation index and uses the R&D expenditure reduction to measure managerial myopia to test the extent and mechanisms of the impact of digital transformation on the managerial myopia of enterprises. It reveals that the digital transformation of enterprises can effectively inhibit the shortsighted behavior of managers, and this inhibition is mainly achieved by improving information transparency and increasing the profits of enterprises. A series of robustness tests confirm that the conclusion is robust and reliable. In addition. the impact of enterprise digital transformation on managerial myopia is different due to the differences in management team characteristics and enterprise characteristics. Specifically, the inhibition effect of enterprise digital transformation on managerial myopia is more evident in enterprises with smaller management teams, younger ages. longer tenure and R&D backgrounds, and in high-tech and non-state-owned enterprises. Compared to previous literature, this paper makes three key contributions: first, it explores the role of corporate digital transformation in corporate governance, enriching the relevant theoretical framework. Second, it investigates the mechanisms through which digital transformation mitigates managerial myopia focusing on the principal-agent problem between shareholders and managers. providing practical pathways for companies to address myopia. Third. it conducts further analysis based on the characteristics of the firms and management teams, offering differentiated policy recommendations based on these characteristics. This research sheds light on the intrinsic logic behind how corporate digital transformation curbs managerial myopia. providing valuable policy implications for companies aiming to enhance governance efficiency in the digital economy era. Firstly, companies should consider a comprehensive range of investments, including capital. technology, and human resources, to accelerate the digital transformation. Secondly, companies should adjust their management teams at different stages of development to align with corporate goals. Lastly, companies should establish performance evaluation systems based on long-term outcomes, incorporating non-financial metrics such as innovation capability, to more comprehensively reflect the company's value creation and sustainable operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective To investigate the relationship between lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and unstable carotid atherosclerotic plaque. Methods Patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease (including ischemic stroke, TIA and chronic cerebral ischemia) who were hospitalized in the Department of Neurology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University from January to December 2022 were retrospectively included. All patients completed Lp(a) test and carotid ultrasound examination. According to the plaque echo characteristics of carotid ultrasound, the patients were divided into unstable plaque group and stable plaque group. The upper limit of normal Lp(a) level (30 mg/dL) was selected as the critical value. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the effect of elevated Lp(a) level on unstable carotid atherosclerotic plaque. In addition, the effect of Lp(a) on unstable carotid atherosclerotic plaque at different levels of LDL-C was analyzed with LDL-C level of 1.8 mmol/L as the critical value. Results A total of 747 eligible patients were enrolled in this study, including 484 males (64.8%), with a median age of 66 (58-72) years. Univariate analysis showed that patients in the unstable plaque group was older, with higher proportions of male, history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and stroke, and higher levels of Lp(a), Hcy and glycosylated hemoglobin. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that elevated Lp(a) was an independent risk factor of unstable carotid atherosclerotic plaque (OR 1.65, 95%CI 1.02-2.68, P=0.04). Subgroup analysis showed that Lp(a) had no significant effect on unstable carotid atherosclerotic plaque when LDL-C<1.8 mmol/L (OR 1.41, 95%CI 0.34-5.93), but there was no interaction between the LDL-C and Lp(a) levels on unstable carotid atherosclerotic plaque. Conclusions Elevated Lp(a) was associated with unstable carotid atherosclerotic plaque. However, at low LDL-C levels, the effect of elevated Lp(a) on unstable carotid atherosclerotic plaque was not significant [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] Farmland consolidation for agricultural mechanization in hilly and mountainous areas can alter the landscape pattern, elevation, slope and microgeomorphology of cultivated land. It is of great significance to assess the ecological risk of cultivated land to provide data reference for the subsequent farmland consolidation for agricultural mechanization. This study aims to assess the ecological risk of cultivated land before and after farmland consolidation for agricultural mechanization in hilly and mountainous areas, and to explore the relationship between cultivated land ecological risk and cultivated land slope. [Methods] Twenty counties in Tongnan district of Chongqing city was selected as the assessment units. Based on the land use data in 2010 and 2020 as two periods, ArcGIS 10.8 and Excel software were used to calculate landscape pattern indices. The weights for each index were determined by entropy weight method, and an ecological risk assessment model was constructed, which was used to reveal the temporal and spatial change characteristics of ecological risk. Based on the principle of mathematical statistics, the correlation analysis between cultivated land ecological risk and cultivated land slope was carried out, which aimed to explore the relationship between cultivated land ecological risk and cultivated land slope. [Results and Discussions] Comparing to 2010, patch density (PD), division (D), fractal dimension (FD), and edge density (ED) of cultivated land all decreased in 2020, while meant Patch Size (MPS) increased, indicating an increase in the contiguity of cultivated land. The mean shape index (MSI) of cultivated land increased, indicating that the shape of cultivated land tended to be complicated. The landscape disturbance index (U) decreased from 0.97 to 0.94, indicating that the overall resistance to disturbances in cultivated land has increased. The landscape vulnerability index (V) increased from 2.96 to 3.20, indicating that the structure of cultivated land become more fragile. The ecological risk value of cultivated land decreased from 3.10 to 3.01, indicating the farmland consolidation for agricultural mechanization effectively improved the landscape pattern of cultivated land and enhanced the safety of the agricultural ecosystem. During the two periods, the ecological risk areas were primarily composed of low-risk and relatively low-risk zones. The area of low-risk zones increased by 6.44%, mainly expanding towards the northern part, while the area of relatively low-risk zones increased by 6.17%, primarily spreading towards the central-eastern and southeastern part. The area of moderate-risk zones increased by 24.4%, mainly extending towards the western and northwestern part, while the area of relatively high-risk zones decreased by 60.70%, with some new additions spreading towards the northeastern part. The area of high-risk zones increased by 16.30%, with some new additions extending towards the northwest part. Overall, the ecological safety zones of cultivated relatively increased. The cultivated land slope was primarily concentrated in the range of 2° to 25°. On the one hand, when the cultivated land slope was less than 15°, the proportion of the slope area was negatively correlated with the ecological risk value. On the other hand, when the slope was above 15°, the proportion of the slope area was positively correlated with the ecological risk value. In 2010, there was a highly significant correlation between the proportion of slope area and ecological risk value for cultivated land slope within the ranges of 5° to 8°, 15° to 25°, and above 25°, with corresponding correlation coefficients of 0.592, 0.609, and 0.849, respectively. In 2020, there was a highly significant correlation between the proportion of slope area and ecological risk value for cultivated land slope within the ranges of 2° to 5°, 5° to 8°, 15° to 25°, and above 25°, with corresponding correlation coefficients of 0.534, 0.667, 0.729, and 0.839, respectively. [Conclusions] The assessment of cultivated land ecological risk in Tongnan district of Chongqing city before and after the farmland consolidation for agricultural mechanization, as well as the analysis of the correlation between ecological risk and cultivated land slope, demonstrate that the farmland consolidation for agricultural mechanization can reduce cultivated land ecological risk, and the proportion of cultivated land slope can be an important basis for precision guidance in the farmland consolidation for agricultural mechanization. Considering the occurrence of moderate sheet erosion from a slope of 5° and intense erosion from a slope of 10° to 15°, and taking into account the reduction of ecological risk value and the actual topographic conditions, the subsequent farmland consolidation for agricultural mechanization in Tongnan district should focus on areas with cultivated land slope ranging from 5° to 8° and 15° to 25°. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Jiangsu University (Natural Science Edition) / Jiangsu Daxue Xuebao (Ziran Kexue Ban) is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Jiangsu University (Natural Science Edition) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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[Objective] The Objectives of this study are to estimate the effects of throughfall exclusion (drought) on the sap flow in a Populus deltoides plantations and to enhance our understanding of the response of poplar plantations to changes in global precipitation patterns. [Methods] The study was conducted from September 2018 to November 2020 in a 10-year old poplar plantation in Dongtai Forest Farm. There were three treatments in this study, including CK (control), D1 (30% throughfall exclusion）, and D2 (50% throughfall exclusion）. The sap flow density and environmental factors were continuously measured by thermal diffusion probe technology and the Micro Weather Monitoring System to evaluatethe response of the poplar plantation to environmental factors. [Results] (1) In three treatments, the annual variation of sap flow in poplar plantations showed a single peak, similar to the interannual variation of vapor pressure deficit and photosynthetic active radiation. The sap flow rate reached its peak in summer, and then gradually decreased over time. In the dormant period, the sap flow density approached zero. (2) In the drought treatment, the sap flow decreased with the increasing throughfall exclusion. The average sap flow density in the growth seasons of D1 and D2 were 39.61 and 31.85 g/ (m² s）, respectively, which were significantly reduced by 24% to 39% compared to the control (p＜0.05）. (3) The mixed effect model showed that the vapor pressure deficit and soil temperature were extremely significantly correlated with sap flow (p＜0.01）, while air temperature, rainfall, and soil temperature were significantly correlated with sap flow (p＜0.05）. [Conclusion] In D1 treatment, the power of explanation of environmental factors to sap flow increased, and the sensitivity sap flow to environmental changes could be increased in drought treatments. Among them, soil temperature was significantly correlated with sap flow. Further exploration of the response of tree traits to the environment is needed in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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回顾性分析福州市第一总医院内分泌科收治的1例2型糖尿病合并骨质疏松患者使用 利拉鲁肽治疗的临床资料，并复习相关文献。患者为67岁女性，因“口干、多饮、多尿15年，加重2周” 入院，入院后完善相关检查，明确诊断为 2型糖尿病合并骨质疏松，予利拉鲁肽联合地特胰岛素降糖 治疗后血糖控制良好。6个月后复查骨密度及糖代谢指标均较前改善。利拉鲁肽在改善血糖水平的 同时对骨代谢有改善作用。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the problems of chemical adsorption and chromatographic separation existing in the field application of polyacylamide and cross-linking agent, using N-hydroxymethylacrylamide(NHMAM), acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (A A) and sodium 2-acrylamid o・ 2-methylpropanesulfonate (AMPSNa) as comonomers, and a quaternary copolymer was synthesized by aqueous solution copolymerization, and the structure of the copolymer was characterized・ The effects of pH, NHMAM content and polymer concentration on the crossrate of polymer solution were studied, and the aging-resistance and microscopic morphology of cross-linked gel were investigated ・ The results showed that the quaternary copolymer could spontaneously crosslinking in aqueous solution to form gel, and the gelling reaction was pH responsive・ If decrease the pH or increase the NHMAM content and polymer concentration the gelling time will be shorter. The viscosity retention rate of crosslinking copolymer at 90 °C for 90 d could reach 90%, reflecting an unusually good aging-resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]