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【目的】总结用内镜进行食管静脉曲张套扎术治疗食管静脉曲张破裂大出血的效果。【方法】用富士 200 型电子胃镜, Microvasive 公司生产的 5 环套扎器和 Willson-Cook 公司生产的 6 环套扎器,对 20 例肝硬化并上消化道大出血患者进行手术。【结果】19 例套扎后住院期 间未再出血, 1 例术后 4 d 黑便经保守治疗后血止,未出现大量呕血症状。【结论】内镜下套扎操作较简单,安全性好,患者痛苦轻,并发症少, 疗效好,适应症广,特别适用于肝功能差,不能耐受手术或手术后复发者。

BACKGROUND: Since entering the intelligent age, there has been a growing enthusiasm for research on artificial intelligence technologies applied to healthcare. In the field of orthopedics, robot-assisted technology is one of the most attractive artificial intelligence technologies. After nearly 40 years of development, robot-assisted technology has gradually matured, and the types of orthopaedic surgeries in which it can be involved have gradually increased and played a crucial role. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the application of orthopedic robots in the clinic and analyze their advantages and disadvantages. METHODS: The PubMed and CNKI databases were searched for relevant literature. The search terms were “robot-assisted technology, surgical robots, orthopaedic robots, robotic arm, orthopaedic, orthopaedic surgery, joint, spine, trauma, bone tumor” in English and Chinese. A total of 82 articles with high relevance were screened according to the inclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Robot-assisted technology is now more mature in clinical practice and can be used in most orthopedic surgeries with good clinical performance. (2) The main advantages of orthopedic robots include relieving clinicians’ work pressure, reducing intraoperative side injuries, and shortening radiation exposure time. However, there may also be a prolongation of surgical operation time and an increase in postoperative complications. (3) The future development of orthopedic robots will be along the direction of high intelligence, low cost, and faster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources / Kuangchan Zonghe Liyong is the property of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society is the property of Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology / Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A field experiment of simulated acid rain(SAR)was conducted in a mixed conifer and broadleaf forest(MF)at Dinghushan Nature Reserve. SAR treatments included CK(the local lake water, pH 4.5), T1(pH 4.0), T2(pH 3.25), and T3(pH 2.5)with four replicates. SAR experiments were initiated in January 2011, and the litter CO2 emission rate under SAR was measured twice a month over one year from January 2013 to December 2013. The results indicated that litter CO2 emission followed a clear seasonal pattern in the forest during the study period, with significantly higher rates in the wet season and lower rates in the dry one(P<0.05). The mean annual litter CO2 emission in the CK plots was(1 507.41±155.19)g CO2·m-2·a-1, to which the wet season and the dry season contributed 68.7% and 31.3%, respectively. SAR significantly reduced litter CO2 emission in the forest(P<0.05). Compared with CK, mean annual litter CO2 emission was 15.4% and 42.7% lower in T2 and T3 treatments, respectively. SAR reducing litter CO2 emission had seasonal differences, and these negative effects were evident in the wet season(P<0.05), but not in the dry one. In all treatments, litter CO2 emission rate exhibited significantly positive exponential relationships with soil temperature and significantly positive linear relationships with soil moisture. In addition, the mean temperature sensitivity(Q10)values showed a declining trend with the increasing level of SAR. The depression of litter CO2 emission after SAR in the MF was related to the aggravation of soil acidification and the depression of microbial activity, as we found that soil pH value and soil microbial biomass C significantly decreased under SAR. In conclusion, our results supported an important role of acid rain in regulating soil carbon cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Open reduction and internal fixation has been confirmed to treat posterior Pilon fracture, but choosing which fixation scheme is still under discussion. OBJECTIVE: To explore the biomechanical properties of posterior Pilon fracture after repaired by two different fixation methods, thus providing reference for selecting an appropriate fixation scheme. METHODS: Twenty right artificial femurs were randomized into two groups A and B, and the models of posterior Pilon fracture were established based on its characters and classification. The group A received with 5 holes distal tibial posterior locking plate fixation, and the group B underwent two 3.5 mm of cortical screws from back to front bicortical fixation, followed by placed in the InstronElectroPulsE3000 universal electronic static and dynamic materials testing systems, vertical speed loaded until internal fixation failure, the loading was recorded when different steps appeared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) After loading, none of groups presented with screw bent or broken. (2) The axial load when appeared with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mm steps in the group A was higher than that in the group B, and the axial load significantly increased with fracture fragment displacement increasing (P < 0.05). (3) The biomechanical test shows that the distal tibial posterior locking plate fixation is better than screws in the treatment of posterior Pilon fracture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The treatment strategy for femoral neck fractures has not been confirmed, and choosing internal fixation or arthroplasty remains controversial. After internal fixation, the occurrence of bone nonunion and osteonecrosis of femoral head makes its long-term treatment outcomes far from satisfactory. Can we improve the functional recovery through high-quality reduction, accurate fixation and active postoperative exercise? If so, it may be favorable for the elderly with femoral neck fractures, especially for those combined with other serious diseases. OBJECTIVE: To compare the quality of life in the elderly with femoral neck fractures after internal fixation and hemiarthroplasty. METHODS: 148 patients with femoral neck fractures aged more than 60 years old in the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from January 2010 to December 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, hospitalization time, mortality rate, reoperation rate and postoperative quality of life were compared between internal fixation and hemiarthroplasty in the patients with undisplaced femoral neck fractures (Garden type I or II) displaced femoral neck fractures (Garden type III or IV), respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Among 148 patients, 137 cases completed follow-up, and the follow-up rate was 92.6%. (2) The operation time, intraoperative blood loss and hospitalization time in the internal fixation group were significantly superior to those in the hemiarthroplasty group in patients with displaced or undisplaced femoral neck fractures (P < 0.05). (3) There was no significant difference in the mortality rate between two groups, and the reoperation rate in the internal fixation groups was slightly higher than that in the hemiarthroplasty group. (4) The Harris and SF-36 scores in both groups were increased with time, and the difference between two groups was decreased with time, which became equal at 2.5 years postoperatively (P > 0.05). Besides, the time of the patients with undisplaced femoral neck fractures in the internal fixation group achieving the same quality of life with the hemiarthroplasty group was earlier than that of displaced ones. (5) These results suggest that internal fixation holds short operation time, simple operation skills and less trauma in the treatment of femoral neck fractures, and with the development of technology, it can achieve the early functional recovery. Thereafter, it is an effective method for senile femoral neck fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Guihaia is the property of Guihaia Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)