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Copyright of Journal of International Obstetrics & Gynecology is the property of TianJin Medical Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) is an effective treatment for alleviating menopausal syndrome, and 18.16% of perimenopausal women are receiving MHT treatment at present. Most gynecological malignancies are hormone-dependent, so the safety and efficacy of MHT in women with menopausal syndrome and those women with gynecological malignancies combined with menopausal syndrome are still controversial. For the menopausal syndrome patients without gynecological malignancies, reasonable selection of estrogen therapy may reduce the risk of ovarian cancer, and selection of MHT containing progesterone may reduce the risk of endometrial cancer and cervical cancer. As for epithelial ovarian cancer, early endometrial cancer, cervical squamous cell carcinoma, vaginal squamous cell carcinoma and vulvar squamous cell carcinoma, reasonable selection of MHT regimen may not increase the risk of recurrence, while may prolong the survival. By reviewing the MHT guidelines and the related clinical studies issued globally in recent years, we discuss how to rationally select MHT regimens to reduce the risk of gynecological malignancies in women with menopausal syndrome, how to reduce the recurrence risk of patients with gynecological malignancies combined with menopausal syndrome, and how to improve the survival rate of patients with gynecological malignant tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of International Obstetrics & Gynecology is the property of TianJin Medical Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Endometriosis (EMs) is a common gynecologic disease with an unclear pathogenesis. The inflammatory response can alter the uterine and abdominal microenvironment, among which the occurrence of pelvic inflammatory diseases can lead to ectopic lesions in the formation process of adhesion, invasion and angiogenesis more easily. Chronic endometritis can affect the changes of estrogen receptors in the eutopic endometrial tissue, thus leading to an increase of estrogen production, making the endometrial tissue more biologically active and easier to implant in pelvic organs after escaping pelvic immune surveillance. Female lower genital tract inflammatory diseases can infect upper genital tract, resulting in inflammation of the uterine cavity and abdominal cavity microenvironment, which plays an important role in the occurrence of EMs. At the same time, pelvic inflammatory disease, chronic endometritis and female lower genital tract inflammatory disease are also risk factors to aggravate the severity of EMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endometriosis (EMs) is a common and frequently-occurring disease in gynecology. The pathogenesis of EMs is not fully understood, but it has been proved to be closely related to inflammatory responses, immune factors, endocrine and hormonal factors. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a protein complex that plays an important role in DNA transcription, cytokine synthesis, apoptosis and differentiation. NF-κB expression is different in ectopic, in eutopic and normal endometrial cells. NFκB plays an important role in inflammatory response, hormone synthesis, adhesion factor and angiogenesis factor, which are closely related to the occurrence and development of EMs. The possible role of NF-κB in the pathogenesis of EMs is reviewed in order to provide new ideas and methods for the treatment of EMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of International Obstetrics & Gynecology is the property of TianJin Medical Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of International Obstetrics & Gynecology is the property of TianJin Medical Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Embryo transfer (ET) is one of the core technologies of contemporary treatment of infertility. At present, the clinical pregnancy rate of ET is only 29.7%-43.4%. The success rate of embryo transfer is affected by many factors, and reproductive tract infection is one of those factors. The reproductive tract microbiome is one of the important micro-ecological systems of the human body. It forms a mutually-restricted and coordinated microecological balance between the host and the environment, and plays a key role in maintaining female reproductive tract health. By evaluating the microecological status of the genital tract before ET, the risk factors of genital tract diseases can be found in time, and the success rate of ET can be improved. The mechanism by which the reproductive tract microbiome affects the success rate of embryo transfer may be related to the abnormal inflammation and immune response caused by changes in the colonic flora of the uterine cavity, which in turn affect endometrial receptivity. The research progress in the application of reproductive tract microbiology in embryo transfer was reviewed in order to provide a new direction for improving the success rate of embryo transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective：To investigate the demand of treatment and health care of menopausal syndrome in middle-aged and old women, and the menopause-related knowledge, so as to provide the scientific guidance for the clinical health care of menopause. Methods：A stratified random cluster sampling was used to select women aged 40 to 60 years in Tianjin, to conduct a questionnaire survey. Results：A total of 2 400 eligible women were investigated in this study, and 2 018 eligible questionnaires were collected (the eligible rate, 84.08%). Of the 2 018 women interviewed, 1 212 were naturally menopausal, with an average age of (49.73±3.53) years. A survey of 1 623 cases of menopausal transition, early and late menopause showed that 9.61% (156/1 623) of women were receiving the treatment of menopausal syndrome, 69.23% (108/156) of whom received traditional Chinese medicine, and only 9.62% (15/156) received hormone therapy. 42.27% (686/1 623) women thought that menopausal syndrome needed treatment, 72.01% (494/686) of them tended to be treated with traditional Chinese medicine, but not with hormone alone. 65.06% (1 056/1 623) women received the education on menopause-related health knowledge, 61.27% (647/1 056) women got health knowledge from the media, 15.53% (164/1 056) women from medical institutions. Totally, 66.67% (1 082/1 623) women wanted to know about the health care-releted knowledge. Conclusions： Middle -aged and old women are eager to know about menopause. However, the professional guidance from medical institutions is insufficient. Compared with hormone replacement therapy, traditional Chinese medicine therapy has a higher acceptance in Chinese women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of chemicals or drugs on germ cells or early embryos may lead to infertility or the impaired development of pre-implantation embryos. Studies showed that this impaired development could result in embryotoxic or teratogenic effects. The reliable data on the potential toxic effect on human embryos is necessary for any new drug before its clinical application. Embryonic stem cell （ＥＳＣ） is widely used as a cell model in the embryotoxic study due to its unique capacities of self-renewal and differentiation. The embryonic stem cell test （ＥＳＴ） is an in vitro alternative method to evaluate embryotoxicity, which have obtained international recognition. However, EST has its limitations in speedability and sensitivity. The induced pluripotent stem cells （ｉＰＳＣ） with characteristics of proliferation and differentiation, similar to ESC, has gradually been used in the embryonic toxicity test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of International Obstetrics & Gynecology is the property of TianJin Medical Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tianjin Medical Journal is the property of Tianjin Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)