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Copyright of Electric Drive for Locomotives is the property of Electric Drive for Locomotives Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bearing is the property of Bearing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bearing is the property of Bearing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Endometriosis (EMs) is a common benign disease in women of childbearing age which seriously affects patients′ quality of life, and its incidence is increasing year by year. Autophagy is a kind of programmed cell death different from apoptosis, which supports cell survival and metabolism by degrading abnormal proteins or organelles within the cell to produce energy, which is an important mechanism for the degradation and recycling of intracellular components. In recent years, plenty of studies have found that autophagy participates in the occurrence and development of EMs. Previous studies reported that the level of autophagy in ectopic lesions of patients with EMs is lower than that in endometrial tissue of normal patients, and that the cyclical changes of autophagy in ectopic endometrial tissue of patients with EMs disappear. However, there are still a small number of studies demonstrate the higher levels of autophagy in ectopic lesions in patients with EMs. The complex environment of EMs ectopic lesion includes many factors that affect the level of autophagy, such as estrogen and progestin, hypoxia and oxidative stress, pathogen infection and iron overload, etc. In addition, autophagy plays a dual role in the occurrence development of EMs, it can not only hinder the progression of EMs by inhibiting the inflammatory response, promoting the immune system′s ability to clear lesions and inhibiting the fibrosis of the lesions, but also promote the progression of EMs by promoting the survival, migration and invasion of ectopic endometrial stromal cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endometriosis, an estrogen-dependent chronic disease, is common in reproductive-age women and seriously affects the physical and mental health and quality of life of the majority of women. Although various pathogenic theories have been proposed, the underlying mechanism of endometriosis remains unclear. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition（EMT） is a process that epithelial cells lose polarity and cell-to-cell connection to obtain the invasion and movement ability of mesenchymal cells. These changes are also considered to be prerequisites for the initial establishment of EMs lesions. However, there is no study exactly indicates which type of EMT occurs in endometriosis. Besides, hypoxia and estrogen can activate the EMT process in endometriosis through different pathways. Those pathways involve many cytokines and signal transduction pathways, ultimately leading to cell proliferation and migration. This paper mainly summarized the types of EMT, stimulating signals, cytokines and pathways, in order to provide new ideas for clinical diagnosis and treatment of EMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endometriosis (EMs) is an estrogen -dependent disease, usually associated with chronic pelvic pain and infertility, affecting approximately 10% to 15% of women of childbearing age. In recent years, immune dysfunction has been shown to be a key factor in promoting the growth of ectopic lesions after endometrial debris retrograded. Almost all the immune cell functions in patients with EMs have changed, such as T cell reactivity and NK cell toxicity decrease, B cell polyclonal activation and antibody production increase, and the number of peritoneal monocytes increase. In addition, the high estrogen environment in EMs and the abnormal distribution of estrogen receptor subtypes have also been shown to affect the recruitment and function of immune cells. However, it is controversial whether immune dysfunction is the initial cause of EMs or the consequence of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Computer Measurement & Control is the property of Magazine Agency of Computer Measurement & Control and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)