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Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Applied Chemical Industry is the property of Shaanxi Research Design Insitute of Petroleum & Chemical Industry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the expansion of fresh corn planting scale, the supporting agricultural machinery has not been developed correspondingly. At present, manual harvesting is still the main harvesting method in most areas, resulting in low harvesting efficiency and difficulty in meeting market demand. Aiming at that, a harvester adapted to the scale of fresh corn cultivation in China was designed in this research. Simultaneously, due to the special picking conditions of fresh corn, instead of the traditional ear picking roller or pulling stem plate picking platform, the ear breaking process of fresh corn from top to bottom was completed by oblique ear picking roller, so as to reduce the pressure on corn ear and separate ear from stem. Furthermore, through the method of special picking process, the 4YZT-2 type self-propelled fresh corn double ridges harvester was designed, which was mainly composed of ear picking platform, corn ear conveyer, hydraulic power device, diesel engine power system, travelling device and ear collecting box. Subsequently, field experiment were carried out in order to verify the reliability and practicability of harvester. The height of the picking platform, the speed of clamping and pulling stem belt, and picking roller gap were used as test factors to carry out the regression orthogonal test. The stem feeding success rate and the ear damage rate were taken as experimental evaluation index to test the machine performance. The results showed that the order of the factors affecting the stem feeding success rate was as follows: the speed of clamping and pulling stem belt, the height of the picking platform, and the picking roller gap; The order of the factors affecting the ear damage rate was as follows: the speed of clamping and pulling stem belt, the picking roller gap and the height of the picking platform. The analysis of variance and response surface was obtained using Design-Expert 8.0.6 to verify the correctness of the range analysis. Ultimately, the significance order in the range analysis was proved consistence with that from variance analysis. Moreover, the influence of each factor on the ear damage rate was extremely significant (P<0.01). The optimal parameters were 47.5 cm for the height of the picking platform, 525 r/min for the speed of clamping and pulling stem belt, and 29.5 mm for the picking roller gap. The stem feeding success rate was 81%, and the ear damage rate was 5.4%. The corresponding parameters were tested and verified in another field experiment, and the corresponding results of the two performance evaluation indices under optimized working parameters were obtained: with the stem feeding success rate of 83%, and the ear damage rate of 4.7%. The study provided a technical support for the mechanization of special corn harvesting, and its picking method also can be a reference for the development of other types of corn harvesters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The banana stalks are rich in fiber, and the existing returning machines for banana straw and stubble crushed in China have generated a few problems such as overly severe cutting resistance, the fiber of banana straw winding crushing blade roller on the returning machine, working on the unstable condition and serious fuel consumption. In order to deal with the above problems which the existing choppers met with in the working process, with the help of theoretical study and the analysis on the planting model for banana in Hainan Province, this paper put forward a returning method that the moving knives on the front knife roller were used to crush banana straws and the flail knives on the back knife roller were used to break stubble under the earth. The rotational direction of stubble crushing roller in the returning machine was same to the forward direction of the machine providing power, while the rotational direction of straw crushing roller was contrary to that of stubble crushing roller. On the basis of establishing theoretical model and the analysis on the planting model for banana in southern China, the key shaped parameters of the sliding-cutting blade and the structural parameters of crushing blade rollers were determined respectively. Besides, the sliding-cutting and anti-twining returning device for banana straw was put forward. The overall structure and working principle of sliding-cutting and anti-twining returning device were described. The performance of crushing banana straw and the power consumption were evaluated by simulating the breaking operation of banana straw in farmland through a bench test driven by double electric motors. The machine was composed of electrical motors, a tractor powered by electricity, the frame of machines, the straw crushing device and the stubble crushing device. Through Design-Expert software, a quadratic orthogonal rotating experiment was performed. Based on the variance analysis and regression fitting, a multiple regression equation was gained, presenting the effects of the working speed of the returning device, the rotating speed of rotating roller of moving knives and the rotating speed of rotating shaft of stubble breaking on the qualified rate of straw crushing and power consumption. It could be seen that the rotating speed of rotating roller of moving knives had the most influential effect, followed by the rotating speed of rotating shaft of stubble breaking, and the working speed of the returning device had the least influence on the qualified rate of straw chopping. The operation condition was optimized by applying the response surface method. The optimum factors for straw and stubble crushing process were as follows: The rotating speed of rotating roller of moving knives was 1 600 r/min, the rotating speed of rotating shaft of stubble breaking was 500 r/min, and the working speed of the returning device was 1.39 m/s. Based on the theoretical analysis, the higher qualified rate of straw crushing was achieved under the faster rotating speed of rotating roller of moving knives. The smaller power consummation was obtained under the lower rotating speed of rotating roller of moving knives and the lower rotating speed of rotating shaft of stubble breaking. Under the optimal condition, the corresponding qualified rate of straw crushing and power consumption were 95.2%, and 4.96 kW, respectively. The differences between the experimental and the analytical values of the qualified rate of straw chopping and power consumption were 0.31 percentage points and 0.27%, respectively, which indicated that the software analytical value was in great agreement with the experimental value. And by field test, qualified rate of straw crushing of machine proposed in this paper was higher by 1.94 percentage points and power consumption was lower by 11.3%, compared with vertical flail banana stalk crushing machine. Its successful implementation can greatly improve the production efficiency for crushing banana straw and stubble on one hand, and on the other hand prevent the pollution brought by deserted banana straw putridity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Banana stalk is the main byproduct of banana after harvest. According to statistics, the annual banana production is more than 9 000 000 t in China, and the banana stalk is about 36 600 000 t. Traditionally, quantities of banana stalk are discarded in the field to naturally decay in the main banana planting areas in China, which leads to serious environment pollution, disease spread, waste of resources and other problems due to thick and large banana stalk as well as its high moisture content. Recent studies find that the banana stalk not only contains a variety of nutrients and organic matter, which can effectively increase the organic content of soil, but also is rich in high-quality plant fiber that is light-weight with good moisture absorption and heat dissipation, so it suits for the production of high-grade paper, clothes, ties, and so on. But nowadays domestic and foreign researches most focuse on the immersion method and the biochemical method, and the development of banana stalk fiber extracting device is rarely reported both at home and abroad. Based on the above issues, a fiber roller-scraping device for banana stalk was put forward in this paper, which is mainly composed of clamping device, scraping anvil, scraping roller, cabinet, grid plate, smoothing device, output belt, rack, and recycling box. Before experiment, the roller scraping device needs to be installed in the platform of fiber scraping device for banana stalk, and the banana stalk needs to be cut into slices. After the machine operates steadily, the slices of banana stem are continuously brought into the space between scraping roller and scraping anvil (the distance is 5 mm) in the scraping device with the transmission of the clamping device. Scraping roller rotates with high speed by means of adjustable-speed electric motor power through conveyor belt, and when it scraping, the constant hit makes the banana stem fiber's biological tissue broken, and separates the disintegrating slag from banana stalk fiber. Meanwhile the disintegrating slag will drop into the recycling box along the tangent direction of scraping roller's motion under wind force created by scraping roller's rotation. After that, banana stalk fiber is brought into smoothing device by its own gravity. Then the remaining moisture of banana stalk fiber is exhausted in recycling box, and banana stalk fiber is output through output belt. In order to get the optimal parameter combination, the fiber extraction rate and fiber trash content were set as experimental indices and the scraping roller rotating speed, scraper number and scraping anvil arc length were set as test factors, and the single factor test was performed to get the best value range of factors and the change law. Then an orthogonal experimental design of response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to find the optimum technical parameter combination for preparing fiber from banana stalk. The results indicated that the optimum combination was that the scraping roller rotating speed was 1 800 r/min, the scraper number was 16, and the scraping anvil arc length was 60 mm. According to the results of verification test on experimental index, the output was 207.6 kg/h, the fiber extraction rate was 93.2%, the fiber trash content percentage attained was 15.7% and the energy consumption was 22.1 kW·h/100 kg. The device meets the standards of agronomic production and raw material in related industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]