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IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is one of the common primary glomerulonephritis, which is also an important risk factor for end-stage renal disease. Kidney transplantation is the optimal treatment for end-stage renal disease induced by IgAN, whereas there is still a risk of recurrence of IgAN after kidney transplantation. At present, research progress upon IgAN recurrence after kidney transplantation is relatively lacking. The pathogenesis of IgAN recurrence remains elusive, and its pathological manifestations are not specific. The diagnosis of IgAN recurrence still depends on renal biopsy. Besides, no effective prevention and treatment are available for recurrent IgAN. In this article, research progress on IgAN recurrence after kidney transplantation was illustrated from the perspectives of pathogenesis, diagnosis, risk factors and treatment, aiming to provide reference for clinical prevention and treatment of IgAN recurrence after kidney transplantation and improve clinical prognosis of kidney transplant recipients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To tackle the problem that the targets in the image have few pixels and the targets are adjacent to each other and occluded each other, an aerial multi‐target detection algorithm is proposed based on spatial‐temporal information and trajectory association. Firstly, the pixel‐based background modeling algorithm is used to obtain the target space information, and the neighboring frame difference algorithm is used to obtain the target time information. The time and space information are combined to get a spatial-temporal information map. Secondly, the Kalman predictor is used to predict the target position, and the Hungarian matching algorithm is used to correlate the target to obtain the target trajectory. Based on the target trajectory, the missed detection targets are supplemented to improve the target recall rate. Finally, based on the target trajectory features which are extracted in segments, the false alarm targets are filtered out to improve the target precision rate. Experimental videos with aerial multi‐target are adopted for experimental verification, and the experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has good detection performance, with the recall rate higher than 96%, the precision rate higher than 98%, and the F‐measure higher than 97%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The green trade as one of the important content of green silk road construction, pays an important role in the extension of the green supply chain, guide the direction of the green investment and improve the green industry layout. Firstly, the green trade data of countries along the Silk Road from 2000 to 2019 are divided into four stages based on the ordered clustering method, and then the changes of regional status, intra-regional pattern and intra-regional competition and cooperation in global green trade in each stage are explored. The results show that :① From the perspective of global status and spatial structure, the global status of green trade of countries along the "sea line" has significantly increased from 2000 to 2019. The "multi-core" spatial structure of regional green trade is also becoming more and more obvious. Among them, Southeast Asia has been in the "core" echelon of the main position. ② From the perspective of the green trade structure between China and the countries along the "Silk Road", China's green trade deficit is unstable and in a long-term deficit state, and its external competitive advantage is increasing year by year, but it is still in a weak competitive advantage; However, the structure of green trade products between China and countries along the "Silk Road" is reasonable and highly complementary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the expression of miR-21 in renal clear cell carcinoma and its clinical significance as well as how miR-21 regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of 786-O renal clear cell carcinoma cell line through regulating programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4). Methods By analyzing the data of renal clear cells cancer in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we compared the expression of miR-21 in renal cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues and explored the differences in miR-21 level in renal cancer at different clinicopathological stage, T stage, N stage and M stage. We also analyzed the association between miR-21 level and survival of patients by Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test. 786-O cells were transfected with AS-miR-21 to deplete miR-21. MTT assay and flow cytometry were applied to measure cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. We then measured the mRNA and protein levels of PDCD4 in 786-O cells depleted for miR-21 by qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively, and performed a dual-luciferase assay to detect the direct regulation of PDCD4 by miR-21. Results Expression of miR-21 was significantly higher in renal cancer tissues than in adjacent tissues (P<0.0001). The expression levels of miR-21 at stage Ⅲ and stage Ⅳ renal cancer were significantly higher than that at stage Ⅰ (both P<0.0001). Moreover, miR-21 expression was positively correlated with clinicopathological stages of renal cancer by correlation analysis (r=0.262, P<0.0001). The correlation test indicated that miR-21 level was also positively correlated with T stage of renal cancer (r=0.250, P<0.0001), lymph node metastasis (N1) and distant metastasis (all P<0.0002). Patients with high miR-21 expression had significantly shorter median survival time than those with low miR-21 expression (Log-rank P<0.001). Compared with control cells, 786-O cells depleted for miR-21 showed significantly decreased cell proliferation (P<0.05) and increased cell apoptosis rate (P=0.005). PDCD4 mRNA (P=0.002) and protein levels were significantly elevated in 786-O cells with down-regulated miR-21 levels. In addition, the dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that the relative luciferase intensity of PDCD4 reporter in cells transfected with AS-miR-21 was significantly higher than that of control cells (P=0.003). Conclusion miR-21 expression was up-regulated in renal cancer and correlated with clinicopathological stage and survival of patients. miR-21 promoted 786-O cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis probably through regulating PDCD4 expression. These results indicate that miR-21 plays an important role in formation and development of renal cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of combination of vancomycin and rifampin against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus(MRSA). Methods Flic minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of vancomycin and rifampin on 30 strains of MRSA was respectively detected by using the broth dilution method; with the detected single drug MIC as the basis, the fraction inhibitory concentration ( FIC ) of the combination of vancomycin plus rif ampin against 30 strains of MRSA was detected by adopting the checkerboard design, '['lie antibacterial activity' of combination of these two drugs on MRSA was investigated. Results The resistant rate of 30 strains of MRSA to vancomycin and rifampin was 3.3% and 90% respectively. Most manifestations of 2-drug combined medication were the synergic aetion[86.7%(26/30)] and the minority were the additive action [ 13.3%(4/30)], neither non-correlative nor antagonism action was seen. Conclusion Single vancomycin and rifampin to MRSA manifest the partial effect,after their combination,the antibacterial activity to MRSA is enhanced, which is mainly synergic action. Clinically treating severe infection caused by MRSA can adopt the combination scheme of vancomycin and rifampin according to the drug susceptibility test results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silk, as a natural protein fiber, is a crucial raw material for high-grade textile products due to its exceptional breathability, moisture permeability, and biocompatibility. Moreover, silk possesses delicate luster and a soft feel that are adored by people worldwide, earning it the title of “queen of fibers”. However, the yield of silk is heavily influenced by cocoon quality, and only approximately 20% of cocoons can be transformed into pure silk fibers. Traditional silk processing generates an alarming waste amounting to 55% due to this limitation. To enhance silk utilization efficiency and fully exploit its value, numerous researchers have employed nonwoven processing technology in silk production. The resulting nonwovens not only significantly improve the utilization rate but also offer advantages such as high production efficiency and low cost while harnessing the excellent performance characteristics of silk. The common nonwoven process mainly consists of two processes: mesh formation and reinforcement. The main methods of mesh formation include dry-laid nonwoven, wet-laid nonwoven, and electrostatic spinning method. Reinforcement methods include needling, hydroentanglement, chemical bonding, and thermal bonding. Silk nonwovens can be obtained through these processes. This paper provides a systematic summary of the production process and product characteristics of silk nonwovens. Silk nonwovens manufactured by needle reinforcement in dry-laid processing involve inserting hooked spines into the fiber mesh repeatedly to form physical entanglement. It offers advantages such as permeability, good mechanical properties and high production efficiency, making it suitable for thermal materials, filter materials and bedding products. Dry-laid hydroentangled nonwovens are achieved by using high-pressure water flow and reflection flow to intertwine the fiber mesh. It possesses characteristics like good air permeability and soft feel without damaging the fibers. This method is suitable for medical protective materials and health materials. The dry-laid silk nonwovens reinforced by chemical method, thermal bonding method and wet-laid silk nonwovens are seldom used at present. Electrospinning is a method in which polymer melt/solution is stretched into fiber mesh under the action of high voltage electrostatic field. The resulting regenerated silk fibroin fiber has the advantages of small diameter, large specific surface area and good filtration performance, and can be used in various high-end medical materials and tissue engineering materials, but there are difficulties in industrialization. When the material cannot meet the performance requirements, the method of post-finishing is often used to improve the performance or aesthetics of nonwovens to meet the requirements of different uses of products. In practical applications, different fields have different performance requirements for nonwovens. Nonwovens used in sanitary products require antibacterial properties and hydrophilic properties. Nonwovens for medical protection require water, blood, alcohol, and static resistance. Hydrophilic finishing, antibacterial finishing, flame retardant finishing, UV resistant finishing and other finishing methods are commonly used to improve the performance of silk nonwovens. Because of the biocompatibility, biodegradability, richness in amino acids, hand feel, and mild luster of silk fiber, silk nonwoven materials can be widely used in beauty, medical health, tissue engineering, insulation and other fields. The utilization of nonwoven technology in silk fiber production offers a novel approach to fully harnessing the potential of silk fibers, expanding their application scope, and driving their adoption across diverse fields. Blending silk with other materials addresses issues such as low wear resistance and susceptibility to creasing, while also enhancing various properties of silk. Simultaneously, multifunctional and high-performance modifications enable tailored enhancements for specific applications, thereby facilitating the broader implementation of silk nonwovens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: From the pathological mechanism of Western medicine, ligamentum flavum hypertrophy is the key pathogenic factor of lumbar spinal stenosis, and there is a lack of biological information on lumbar spinal stenosis of the Qi deficiency and blood stasis type. OBJECTIVE: To analyze and compare differential protein expression between hypertrophic and normal ligamentum flavum in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis of the Qi deficiency and blood stasis type. METHODS: Ligamentum flavum tissue samples were collected from six lumbar spinal stenosis patients with Qi deficiency and blood stasis, including three cases of ligamentum flavum hypertrophy (experimental group) and three cases of normal ligamentum flavum (control group). 4D Label free quantitative proteomic detection was performed to screen differentially expressed proteins. Gene oncology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes were used for enrichment analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were 183 differentially expressed proteins between the two groups, including 87 up-regulated and 96 down-regulated. Gene oncology enrichment analysis showed that biological processes mainly focused on cell processes, biological regulation and response to stimuli. Cell composition was concentrated in cell, intracellular, and protein-complex species. The main molecular functions included linkage, catalytic activity and molecular function regulator. The up-regulated proteins were mainly enriched to lysosomal signaling pathway, rheumatoid arthritis signaling pathway, and Staphylococcus aureus infection signaling pathway, while the down-regulated proteins were enriched to eight signaling pathways, namely p53 signaling pathway, renal cell carcinoma signaling pathway, transforming growth factor β signaling pathway, ubiquitin-mediated protein hydrolysis signaling pathway, Ca signaling pathway, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 signaling pathway, and proteoglycan signaling pathway in cancer. INHBA, MMP14, TNC, HTRA1, FGF2 were the important differentially expressed proteins in the experimental group. To conclude, there are differential protein expressions between hypertrophic and normal ligamentum flavum in patients with Qi-stagnation and blood-stasis type lumbar spinal stenosis. INHBA may be the determinant of this disease, and its mechanism may be the activation of transforming growth factor β/Smad related signaling pathway, causing ligamentum flavum hypertrophy and subsequently leading to lumbar spinal stenosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CO2 and H2S are two popular internal corrosion medias in pipeline, when CO2 and H2S coexistence, the corrosion behavior is much more complicated than CO2 or H2S existing independently. Even if a small amount of H2S will have significant impact on CO2 corrosion, which can damage the ground equipment seriously,and even cause equipment malfunction and safety accidents. The corrosion rule is very complex and difficult to control when CO2 and H2S are coexistence, because it is completely different from the single existence of the two factors. The abroad studies of this corrosion began in the late 1980s, and domestic studies started relatively late. After 30 years study, we find that the corrosion progress depends on the content of CO2 and H2S, medium temperature, pressure, flow rate and other factors. According to the gas properties and operating conditions of East Sichuan gas field, this paper carried on experimental research and theoretical induction analysis, then obtained the internal corrosion affecting factors and corrosion effect weights of their interaction under the coexistence of CO2 and H2S in the surface gathering system. On this basis, using normalization method, the corrosion risk weights of high sulfur gas wells in Chongqing Gas Distric were calculated, and the gas wells and pipelines with high corrosion sensitivity were selected, which need special attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the traditional Chinese herbs and core prescriptions commonly used by Professor Qian Ying in the syndrome differentiation - based treatment of primary liver cancer, and to guide clinical medication. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of the patients diagnosed and treated by Professor Qian Ying. A descriptive analysis was performed to analyze Professor Qian Ying's clinical medication and prescriptions in the treatment of primary liver cancer, and the complex network and clustering with point mutual information were used to analyze the complex association between multiple traditional Chinese herbs. Results A total of 111 patients with primary liver cancer were enrolled. There were 287 visits, 287 prescriptions, and 132 traditional Chinese herbs in total. The core herbs used by Professor Qian Ying were Visci herba, raw Astragalus membranaceus, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Oldenlandia diffusa, and Polygoni Orientalis Fructus, and this result was consistent with the composition of Huqi powder developed by Professor Qian Ying. The prescriptions commonly used included Huqi powder, Shengmai decoction, and Xiaoyao powder. Conclusion Salvia miltiorrhiza is the special herb used by Professor Qian Ying in the treatment of primary liver cancer and Huqi powder developed by Professor Qian Ying is the commonly used prescription. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to reduce the speed fluctuation and the wear of brakes, the asymmetric deviation characteristics of hydro-mechanical transmission （HMT） full power shift timing suitable for engineering applications are studied based on the full power shift method. A two-range arithmetic HMT is taken as the research object. The prior stable stage models of full power shift are established based on the full power shift method, including the hydraulic transmission model and brakes torque model during two brakes overlapping. The influences of advance and lag of shift timing on brake sliding process and prior stable stage are studied by theoretical analysis and experimental study. In the full power shift, the speed of fixed displacement hydraulic component can be lower than the ideal speed during the power shift from H range to HM range, and the negative deviation of ideal shift speed should be set. During the power shifting from HM range to H range, the speed of fixed displacement hydraulic component can be higher than the ideal speed, and the positive deviation of ideal shift speed should be set. The results reveal the influence of shift timing on the performance of prior stable stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydro-mechanical variable transmission (HMT) is a kind of double power flow transmission system constituted by hydraulic branch and mechanical branch in parallel. HMT has the ability to realize high-power CVT and high transmission efficiency, and is suitable for high-power automobiles. In general power shift process, there are load reversal in hydraulic transmission unit, power flow reversal in hydraulic branch, and function interchange in hydraulic components. At the same time, the speed of fixed displacement hydraulic component changes abruptly, and there is a short time power interruption. To solve the problems of speed fluctuation and power interruption in power shift, based on the five-stage full power shift method by overlapping the double clutches, the displacement regulating law of variable displacement hydraulic component is studied in this paper. An arithmetic type two-range HMT is taken as the research object, and the pressure responses to different displacement regulation are analyzed. The torque characteristic equation in full power shift is derived. The cavity model of closed hydraulic circuit is established, in which the closed hydraulic circuit is simplified to two cavities. Considering the influence of the volumetric efficiency of the hydraulic transmission unit, the mathematical model of the displacement ratio regulation of variable displacement hydraulic component is derived. The step change and linear change of displacement ratio are adopted respectively, and the pressure response is obtained by simulation. The results show that the regulation law of displacement ratio has a great influence on the time of pressure building-up and pressure fluctuation. The step change of displacement ratio can effectively reduce the time of pressure building-up, and there is no obvious increase of pressure fluctuation compared with that of the linear change. The power shift time is 0.93 s and pressure fluctuation is 0.64 MPa. In order to reduce the power shift time, the step change of displacement ratio could be adopted. Through the displacement regulation characteristic test of HMT in full power shift process, the pressure response is obtained. The results show that the simulation results of displacement ratio change are in accordance with the test results, and the maximum deviation is 8.93% under the same working conditions. Based on the state parameters of current range and the target range pressure, the mathematical model of the displacement ratio regulation proposed in this paper can predict the displacement ratio target value, and accurately describe the pressure interchange between the high and low pressure circuits. During the double clutches overlapping, the displacement ratio is adjusted to the target value. The pressure interchange between the high and low pressure circuits can be completed in the full power shift process, and the torque is transferred from current clutch to target clutch. The output speed remains unchanged, and the output torque is continuous. When the output torque after speed increaser is 100 and 150 N·m, the power shift time is 1.00 and 1.10 s respectively, it’s the maximum fluctuation is 6.80 and 6.84 N·m respectively. The problems such as speed fluctuation and power interruption in the shift process are solved, this study provides a reference for the realization of HMT full power shift control and subsequent research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the application requirement of route planning and navigation in indoor Location-based-service, we propose a traversable region model based on grid space and its automatic extraction algorithm. Firstly, this paper introduces adjoin grid and traversing grids based on grid model, expounds the basic principle of traversable region model through specific example. Then, according to the characteristics of indoor map data, through indoor grid model initialization, traversable region preliminary extraction and adjoin region merge, it designs traversable region automatic extraction algorithm. Finally, taking Xidan Joy City first floor indoor map data as an example, we perform different grid scale traversable region automatic extraction and route planning experiment. Results show that the automatic extraction algorithm has preferable applicability to deal with complex indoor environment which has barrier in the corridor and so on. Compared with network model, the route planning results of traversable region model are more conformed to the route walking feature of complex indoor environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum bone metabolic markers and joint destruction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA). Methods One hundred and forty hospitalized RA patients and 90 healthy controls were selected as study subjects. Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine 1-4 and the proximal femus was measured using DEXA. Based on the T values, they were divided to 3 groups:normal bone mass, low bone mass, and osteoporosis group. According to X-ray reports of the extent of the joint damage, RA patients were divided into stage I,II,III,and IV groups. Serum CTX, 25(OH) D, TRACP-5b, PTH, serum calcium, serum phosphorus, anti-CCP antibodies, RF, CRP, and ESR were also detected. Results TRACP-5b and CTX in RA group were significantly higher than those in the control group(Z =-2.747,-4.809,P < 0.01), but 25(OH) D was significantly lower than that in the control group(Z =-6.152,P < 0.001). The concentration of TRACP-5b was positively correlated with disease duration, number of joint tenderness, and CTX(r = 0.193, r = 0.189, r = 0.196, P < 0.05). TRACP-5b showed an increasing trend with the aggravation of disease activity, and its concentration in osteoporosis group was higher than that in normal bone mass group,but with no statistical difference. CTX was positively correlated with the number of sw ollen joints and 25(OH) D(r = 0.215, r = 0.192, P < 0.05), and it was obviously higher in severe disease activity group than in the middle and lower group. Compared with the other groups, patients in stage I grouhad younger age,shorter duration,and less seriously joint damage. The prevalence of osteoporosis in stage I or II groups was distinctly low er than that in stage III and IV groups(P < 0.05). The decrease of bone mass was positively correlated with age, duration and the aggravation of the disease activity. Conclusion There is a good correlation between bone metabolic markers and joint damage in patients with RA. The detection of multiple markers of bone metabolism may predict joint destruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]