To observe the effect of cerebellar repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with swallowing rehabilitation training on brainstem auditory evoked potential, swallowing function and serum nerve injury indexes in patients with dysphagia after stroke. Methods: 60 patients with dysphagia after stroke who were admitted to our hospital from October 2019 to March 2021 were included. According to the random number table method, they were divided into the control group (swallowing rehabilitation training, 30 cases) and the observation group (rTMS combined with swallowing rehabilitation training, 30 cases), all of which were treated for 3 weeks. The clinical total effective rate of the two groups at 3 weeks after treatment was observed, and the swallowing function, brainstem auditory evoked potential and serum nerve injury indexes of the two groups before and 3 weeks after treatment were compared. Results: The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05). 3 weeks after treatment, the score of modified Mann swallowing ability assessment scale (MMASA) of the observation group was increased, and it was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). 3 weeks after treatment, the wave latency (Ⅰ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ) and inter peak latency (Ⅰ ~Ⅲ, Ⅲ ~Ⅳ, Ⅰ~ Ⅳ) of the observation group were decreased, and they were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). 3 weeks after treatment, the levels of serum cone-like protein 1 (VILIP-1), neuropeptide Y (NPY), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), Fibulin-5 (Fibulin-5) of the observation group were decreased, and they were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Cerebellar rTMS combined with swallowing rehabilitation training can can effectively promote the improvement of dysphagia after stroke, reduce nerve injury, and shorten the latency of brainstem auditory evoked potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]