Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has become one of the effective means of treatment of certain malignancies. But with its of graft versus host disease(GVHD) is one of the important complications of death patients after transplantation.Therefore, how to induce GVHD after transplantation immune tolerance to control, especially control the occurrence of acute graft versus host disease(a GVHD) has become an important part of the study. The occurrence of GVHD mechanism is very complicated. But ultimately identify for mature T cells within the bone marrow donor recipient cells on the surface of the MHC- I and MHC II and caused peptides presented by donor T cell activation, proliferation and infiltration of GVHD target organs such as skin, small intestine and the liver and lead to target organs damage. Clinical implantology and transplantation immunology is one of the contents of the main crack how to control the occurrence of GVHD development. The prevention and treatment is the key to success of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Individual transplantation is one of the main factors of long-term survival. Related cytokines application and related mechanism research, to a great extent, effective control of the development of GVHD. such as CD4+CD25+Tregs, ecto-59-nucleotidase(CD73), natural killer cell(NK cells), Granulocyte colony-stimulating-factor(G-CSF), Mesenchymal stem cells(MSC), Inducible T cell costimnlator(ICOS) and so on.This article about the cause of GVHD phenomenon and summarize the latest progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]