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为考察不同产地文冠果种仁黄酮类成分的差异，以山东潍坊的60份和辽宁大连的58份文冠果种仁为原料，采用LC-MS/MS法检测其黄酮类成分及含量，并对两地文冠果种仁黄酮类成分含量的差异进行了对比分析。结果表明：118份文冠果种仁中均检测出5种黄酮类成分，其中芦丁含量为1.422~40.704 μg/g，表没食子儿茶素含量为2.513~6.406 μg/g，没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯含量为1.994~4.574 μg/g，二氢槲皮素含量为1.102~4.452 μg/g，没食子儿茶素含量为0.806~4.057 μg/g；两地文冠果种仁黄酮类成分含量大小依次为芦丁>表没食子儿茶素>没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯>二氢槲皮素>没食子儿茶素；山东潍坊不同样树种仁中黄酮类成分总含量介于10518~25.445 μg/g之间，样树WF927的黄酮类成分总含量最高；辽宁大连不同样树种仁中黄酮类成分的总含量介于8.347~52.087 μg/g之间，样树DL392的黄酮类成分总含量最高；两地文冠果种仁黄酮类成分含量间差异显著，其中辽宁大连文冠果种仁中黄酮类成分总含量平均值（19491 μg/g）极显著高于山东潍坊的（16.320 μg/g）;两地118份文冠果种仁中，黄酮类成分总含量最高的为DL392（52.087 μg/g）、DL395（43.711 μg/g）和DL347（40.481 μg/g）。 In order to investigate the changes of flavonoids in Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge kernels from different origins, 60 samples from Weifang, Shandong province and 58 samples from Dalian, Liaoning province were used as raw materials, and the flavonoids composition and contents were detected by LC-MS/MS method, and the differences of flavonoids content from two origins were compared and analyzed. The results showed that 5 kinds of flavonoids were detected in 118 Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge kernels, among which the content of rutin was 1.422-40.704 μg/g, the content of epigallocatechin was 2.513-6.406 μg/g, the content of gallocatechingallate was 1.994-4.574 μg/g, the content of dihydroquercetin was 1.102-4.452 μg/g, and the content of gallocatechin was 0.806-4.057 μg/g. Rutin content was the highest, followed by epigallocatechin, gallocatechingallate, dihydroquercetin and gallocatechin. The total flavonoids content of kernels from Weifang, Shandong province was between 10518 μg/g and 25.445 μg/g, and the total flavonoids content of WF927 was the highest, the total flavonoids content of kernels from Dalian, Liaoning province was between 8.347 μg/g and 52.087 μg/g, and the total flavonoids content of DL392 was the highest. The content of flavonoids was significantly different between two origins. The average total flavonoids content in Xanthoceras sorbifolum Bunge kernel from Dalian, Liaoning province (19.491 μg/g) was significantly higher than that from Weifang, Shandong province(16.320 μg/g). 118 Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge kernel from two origins had the highest total content of flavonoids in DL392 (52.087 μg/g), DL395 (43.711 μg/g) and DL347 (40481 μg/g).

Objective: To analyze the root canal diameter of the mandibular first premolar by using finite element analysis to simulate the stress distribution of dentin under three different preparation methods, and to provide the basis for clinical root canal preparation strategies of the mandibular first premolars. Methods: Twenty-one patients with complete cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were selected. The original DICOM format data from CBCT were imported into Mimics 21. 0 software to measure the root canal diameter at 3, 6, 9, and 12 mm from the apex and the root canal taper was segmentally calculated. Based on this, three-dimensional finite element models of the dental and periodontal tissues were constructed. Control group, maximum diameter preparation group, uniform preparation group, and 0. 06 taper instrument preparation group were designed. In ANSYS Workbench 17. 0 finite element analysis software, a 200 N load was applied to the buccal, lingual, and occlusal surfaces in various groups, and the stresses on dentin in various groups were analyzed. Results: The analysis of root canal taper at 3-6 mm, 6-9 mm, and 9-12 mm from the apex of mandibular first premolar teeth showed that the taper was similar in the mesial-distal direction at 3-6 mm from the apex. The average taper in the buccal-lingual direction at 6-9 mm from the apex was 0. 29, which was greater than the taper in the apical 1/3 and coronal 1/3. Under the same load, the peak stress values in dentin of mandibular first premolar teech in various groups were increased sequentially: 4. 693 6, 16. 304 0, 14. 278 0, and 18. 682 0 MPa. The stress in maximum diameter preparation group concentrated on the canal wall with the highest stress value. The stress in uniform preparation group concentrated on the root surface, and the stress values on each section were lower than those in maximum diameter preparation group. The stress in 0. 06 taper instrument preparation group concentrated on the apical 1/3 of the root surface. Conclusion: The root canal of the mandibular first premolar has a unique elliptical taper shape, and there are significant differences in diameter and taper between the mesial-distal and buccal-lingual directions. Different preparation methods result in different stress distributions on the canal wall, and the uniform preparation is the best method for enlarging the canal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: To discuss the effect of long-term use of chlorhexidine on the resistance of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), and to clarify its mechanism. Methods: The standard strain of E. faecalis was repeatedly exposed to chlorhexidine for 10 generations, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was recorded at each passage. The bacteria collected from the 10th generation with increased MIC values were designated as the E. faecalis chlorhexidine-resistant strains (E. faecalis-Cs). The growth curves of two strains were drawn; the morphology of two strains were observed by transmission electron microscope; the number of biofilm formation of two strains was detected by crystal violet staining; the bacterial hydrophobicities of two strains were detected by microbial adhesion to hydrocarbons (MATH)method; the expression levels of S-ribosylhomocysteine lyase (LuxS)mRNA in the bacterial biofilms of two strains were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR)method. Results: From the 0th to the 10th generation, the MIC values of E. faecalis were gradually increased. The growth curves of E. faecalis and E. faecalis-Cs showed no significant differences. The transmission electron microscope observation results showed that both E. faecalis and E. faecalis-Cs appeared oval or diplococcal, with intact cell wall structures, smooth edges, and evenly distributed cytoplasm. There were no significant differences in the morphology, size, cell wall thickness, or integrity between two types of bacteria. The crystal violet staining results showed that compared with E. faecalis, the number of biofilm formation of E. faecalis-Cs was significantly increased (P<0. 05). The MATH results showed tha the hydrophobicity of E. faecalis-Cs was significantly higher than that of E. faecalis (P<0. 05). The RT-qPCR results showed that the expression level of LuxS mRNA in the biofilms of E. faecalis-Cs was significantly higher than that of E. faecalis (P<0. 05). Conclusion: E. faecalis develops the resistance after repeated exposure to the chlorhexidine, and the pathogenicity of the resistant strain is enhanced. The high expressin of quorum sensing (QS)system LuxS gene and stronger biofilm forming ability of bacteria may be the potential mechanism for E. faecalis to tolerate the chlorhexidine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective To explore the long term effect of drilling decompression and stem cell transplantation in the treatment of femoral head necrosis. Methods A retrospective study of 28 cases (40 hips) patients with early femoral head necrosis admitted to the Department of Joint Surgery of Weifang People's Hospital from January 2008 to January 2012, all received drilling decompression and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells trans plantation (BMMSCs) for unilateral or bilateral hip joints. The joint survival rate and Harris hip score of patients before and after surgery were evaluated, and the imaging evaluation was carried out through X-ray and CT of both hip join ts. Results Of the 40 hips followed up, 25 hips were operated successfully and 15 hips failed. The hip survival rates at 5 years and 8-10 years after surgery were 75.0% and 62.5%, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in age, gender, body mass index (BMI), preoperative Harris hip score and cause of disease between the successful group and the failed group (P>0.05). The Harris hip score [(86.24± 4.82) points] of the joint surgery group at the last follow up was higher than the preoperative [(76.60 ± 3.18) points], the difference was statistically significant (t = 8. 991, P< 0. 001). Conclusion Drilling decompression combined with BMMSCs trans plantation in treatment of early femoral head necrosis can significantly improve hip joint function. The patient's age, gender, BMI, preoperative Harris hip score, and cause of disease had no significant effect on hip survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper researched on the task dividing method based on the architecture of the network emulation for the fusion of virtualization and digital simulation to improve the performance. This method took into account the advantages of virtualization and digital simulation, and divided the emulation network topology into virtualization topology area and digital simulation topology area. And then aiming at load balancing and remote traffic minimizing, it divided the two topology area combined with given physical resources. Extensive experiments show that using the proposed method to divide the network emulation task, it reduced the remote traffic by 33. 7%, 25. 1% averagely, and improved the degree of load balancing by 56.3%, 38.0% averagely, compare with the random algorithm and the uniform load balancing algorithm. The task dividing method can effectively reduce the remote traffic and improve the degree of load balancing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)