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The clinical data and treatment of a case of multiple myeloma (MM) with central nervous system (CNS) infiltration (CNS-MM) admitted to the Department of Hematology of the hospital were retrospectively analyzed. A 61-year-old male patient with the a late stage and accompanied by high-risk genetics at the time of diagnosis had the high-risk characteristics of CNS-MM. After previous multi-line treatment with CD38 monoclonal antibody and pomalidomide, the patient had multiple recurrences involving the CNS. After admission, selinexor, bendamustine and dexamethasone were selected for systemic chemotherapy. At the same time, methotrexate, cytarabine and dexamethasone were injected intrathecally to maintain the progression-free survival of the disease for nearly 12 months, and the overall survival has reached 58 months. The selinexor based can effectively treat CNS-MM, and the successful diagnosis and treatment provide a certain reference for clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect and elucidate the molecular mechanism of 6-gingerol on human multiple myeloma cells. Methods The human multiple myeloma cell lines RPMI 8226 and ARH77 were cultured in vitro, followed by treatment with varying concentrations (50, 100, 200, 300, 400 μmol/L) of 6-gingerol. The inhibitory effect on cell proliferation was assessed using the CCK- 8 assay. Flow cytometry was employed to evaluate cell apoptosis and cycle distribution. Additionally, qRT-PCR and Western blotting techniques were utilized to analyze gene and protein expression levels. Results The proliferation of RPMI 8226 and ARH77 cells was dose- and time-dependently inhibited by 6-gingerol, leading to the induction of apoptosis with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Further mechanistic investigations revealed that treatment with 6-gingerol arrested RPMI 8226 cells in the G0/G1 phase, resulting in a significant increase in Bax levels and a decrease in Bcl-2 mRNA and c-Myc mRNA levels (P < 0.05). Additionally, it significantly upregulated the expression of Bax, Cleaved-PARP, Cleaved- caspase3, P53, and p-AKT proteins while down regulating the expression of Bcl-2 protein (P < 0.05). Conclusions The compound 6-Gingerol exhibits inhibitory effects on the proliferation and induction of apoptosis in MM cells, as well as cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. Its mechanism of action is likely associated with the suppression of the AKT signaling pathway, downregulation of Bcl-2 family protein expression, and inhibition of c-Myc expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the clinical feature and treatment of skull multiple myeloma. Methods The clinical data of 2 patients with skull multiple myeloma were collected, including clinical features, imaging, pathological features, treatment and prognosis. The diagnosis and treatment were summarized and the related literatures were reviewed. Results Case 1: The lesions on the left frontotemporal top and the right parietal occipital region were treated by surgery in two times, and the skull lesions were completely removed. The postoperative pathological examination showed plasmacytoma. Postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy (VCD, VRD, VD regimen) were performed, and the survival time was 4 years. Case 2: Surgical resection of the middle line of the parietal bone. Postoperative pathological examination showed plasmacytoma. The patient developed progressive renal insufficiency after operation, and further radiotherapy and chemotherapy (PVD, DKD, KD regimen) were performed after dialysis, and the condition was stable. Conclusions For patients with multiple myeloma of the skull, active surgical resection, postoperative individualization, and targeted radiotherapy and chemotherapy are crucial to the prognosis of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

目的评价含泊马度胺全口服治疗方案二线治疗多发性骨髓瘤的疗效与安全性。方法回顾性分析2020年3月至2023年12月在我中心接受含泊马度胺全口服方案作为二线治疗的多发性骨髓瘤患者共22例，评价其疗效与安全性。结果22例患中位年龄为71.5岁，含泊马度胺的全口服二线治疗方案包括IPD 7例，PCD 11例， XPD 2例，PD 2例，中位治疗周期数为14，二线治疗ORR为63.64%，VGPR以上疗效为 36.36%。有来那度胺暴露史的13例患者中，ORR为53.85%， VGPR以上疗效为23.08%；无来那度胺暴露史的9例患者中， ORR为77.78%，VGPR以上疗效为55.56%；两组ORR比较，差异无统计学意义（P=0.38）。伴遗传学高危的患者12例，ORR为50%，VGPR以上疗效为16.67%。整体中位随访时间10.6（2.0，39.3）个月，10例出现疾病进展，其中6例因原发病进展死亡，中位无进展生存期（PFS）尚未达到；其中来那度胺暴露的13例患者，中位PFS为10.6个月；非来那度胺暴露的9例患者，中位PFS未达到。≥3级不良事件占18.18%，包括粒细胞缺乏、血小板减少及肺部感染。没有导致死亡的治疗相关不良事件的发生。结论含泊马度胺全口服方案二线治疗多发性骨髓瘤具有较好的疗效及安全性，对有居家治疗意愿的老年多发性骨髓瘤患者具有积极的意义。

维生素 D(VD) 是人体必需的脂溶性类固醇激素, 在血液循环中存在的主要形式为 25-羟基维生素 D, VD 与多发性骨髓瘤 (MM) 的关系是目前的研究热点。总结 MM 患者 VD 缺乏情况、VD 对 MM 疾病分期和进展的影响、VD 受体基因多态性与 MM 的发病风险的相关性、VD 缺乏与 MM 骨病和周围神经病变以及 VD 协同抗 MM 药物治疗 并降低 MM 细胞耐药性等问题, 以期为 MM 的预防及治疗提供参考。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable haematological malignancy of the blood system. For patients suitable for transplantation, autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) can significantly enhance the rate of remission and prolong progression⁃free survival. Over the past decade, with a deeper understanding of the disease biology and advances in therapeutic approaches, many MM patients have been able to control disease and improve their quality of life, but they ultimately face the relapse. For patients with relapsed/ refractory MM, chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR⁃T) cell therapy has demonstrated notable efficacy and superior safety, significantly delaying disease progression. This review focuses on the current status and progress of CAR⁃T cell therapy in the treatment of MM, as well as the reasons for its failure, to provide new ideas for the further development of CAR⁃T cell therapy in MM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) after CAR ⁃ T cell therapy, and to explore the possible effective strategies for such patients in the future. Methods Patients with RRMM who were hospitalized in Beijing Chao⁃Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2020 to June 2024 were selected as the study subjects, and clinical characteristics and survival and survival after CAR⁃T cell therapy were analyzed. Results A total of 14 eligible RRMM patients who collected by the medical record system received CAR⁃T cell therapy targeting BCMA, with the median progression⁃free survival (PFS) of 17 months (range: 3-47 months）. At the time of disease recurrence and progression, 1 patient had extramedullary relapse, 2 patients developed secondary plasma cell leukemia,and 11 patients were intramedullay recurrence. Cytogenetics was examined in 7 patients, of which 4 patients with 1 high⁃risk gene, 1 patient with two high⁃risk genes. In the first salvage regimens, the commonly used agents included Daratumumab (6 cases）, Pomalidomide (5 cases）, and Carfilzomib (3 cases), and 3 patients were enrolled in the clinical trials. Among the 13 evaluable patients, the overall response rate was 61.5% (8/13）, with a complete response rate of 30.8% (4/13) and a very good partial response rate of 23.1% (3/13）. The median follow ⁃up time was 15 months (range: 1-32 months）, and the median PFS was 7 months. As of the last follow⁃up, 6 patients died. The median overall survival was 32 months. 1 patient developed a secondary malignance (lung cancer）. Conclusions Patients with RRMM receiving CAR⁃T cell therapy have a poor response to the currently available agents at the time of relapse and progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

目的 通过分析首次就诊确诊的多发性骨髓瘤 (NDMM)患者免疫麻痹程度及持续时间与患者无疾病进 展生存期 (PFS), 总生存期 (OS) 的相关性, 为更深入明确免疫麻痹与 NDMM 预后的关系提供参考. 方法 99 例 NDMM患者, 存在免疫麻痹88例, 无免疫麻痹11例. 根据首次就诊时免疫麻痹程度将患者分为重度免疫麻痹组和 非重度免疫麻痹组 (轻度免疫麻痹患者+无免疫麻痹患者), 分别为68, 31例. 根据麻痹持续时间将重度免疫麻痹患 者分为 A (重度免疫麻痹持续≥3个月), B (重度免疫麻痹持续≥6个月), C 组 (重度免疫麻痹持续≥12个月), 分别为 62, 44, 32例. 绘制上述各组生存曲线, 并比较不同组之间 PFS, OS. COX回归分析首次就诊时免疫麻痹程度及持 续时间与NDMM患者PFS, OS的相关性. 结果　重度免疫麻痹组中位PFS, OS均短于非重度免疫麻痹组 (中位PFS: 20 个月 vs 42 个月, P<0. 01; 中位 OS: 43 个月 vs 未达到, P<0. 01). C 组患者中位 PFS 和 OS 均短于 A, B 两组 (P 均< 0. 05). COX单因素分析结果显示, 首次就诊时存在重度免疫麻痹, 重度免疫麻痹持续≥3, 6, 12个月, R-ISS Ⅲ期, 基 线浆细胞比例≥70%, 血清钙浓度>2. 65 mmol/L是NDMM患者PFS短的危险因素 (P均<0. 05)；首次就诊时存在重度 免疫麻痹, 重度免疫麻痹持续时间≥3, 6, 12 个月, R-ISS Ⅲ期, 肌酐浓度≥177 µmol/L, 血清钙浓度>2. 65 mmol/L 是 NDMM 患者 OS短的危险因素 (P均<0. 05). COX 多因素分析结果显示, 重度免疫麻痹持续≥12个月是 NDMM 患者 PFS 和 OS 短的独立危险因素 (HR 分别为 4. 494 (1. 595~12. 658), 20. 620 (1. 797~236. 589), P 均<0. 05). 结论　首 次就诊时存在重度免疫麻痹, 重度免疫麻痹持续时间≥3, 6, 12个月与 NDMM 患者 PFS和 OS短有关；重度免疫麻痹 持续时间≥12个月与NDMM患者PFS和OS短有独立相关性. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the expression changes of β-1, 3-glucuronidyltransferase 3（B3GAT3）mRNA in multiple myeloma（MM）cells, and to investigate the effect of silencing B3GAT3 mRNA expression on proliferation of hu⁃ man MM cells. Methods The GSE47552 dataset from the GEO database was used to analyze the difference in B3GAT3 mRNA expression between the bone marrow MM cells from 41 patients and normal plasma cells from 5 healthy individuals. Totally 858 MM patients in the UCSC XENA database were collected, and the patients were divided into the high expres⁃ sion group and low expression group based on the median value of MM cells B3GAT3 mRNA expression, and the prognos⁃ tic differences between patients in these two groups were compared. The CCLE database was used to screen the MM cells with high expression of B3GAT3 mRNA, and RPMI8226 cells were selected for subsequent experiments. RPMI8226 cells were divided into the blank control group, sh-NC group, and sh-B3GAT3 group, respectively. Cells in the sh-B3GAT3 group and the sh-NC group were transfected with the B3GAT3-shRNA lentivirus and control lentivirus. B3GAT3 mRNA was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR. The cell proliferation was detected by the CCK-8 method. Results The GEO database results showed that the expression level of B3GAT3 mRNA in MM group was significantly higher than that in normal plasma cell group（P<0. 05). The UCSC XENA database results found that patients with high B3GAT3 expression had shorter overall survival time compared with the low expression group（P<0. 05). Cell experiments exhibited that the sh- B3GAT3 group had lower B3GAT3 mRNA expression level than the blank control group and the sh-NC group （both P <0. 05). At 48 and 72 h of culture, the cell proliferation OD value decreased in the sh-B3GAT3 group in comparison with those of the blank control group and the sh-NC group（both P<0. 05). Conclusions The expression of B3GAT3 is upregulated in MM cells, and the prognosis of MM patients with high expression of this gene is poor. Silencing B3GAT3 expression can inhibit the proliferation of MM cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarize the nursing practice of facial neuritis in a patient with multiple myeloma during the interval between chemotherapy. In addition to facial care, rehabilitation training and emotion care, Traditional Chinese Medicine characteristic nursing techniques such as acupoint application and acupuncture were carried out to relieve the symptoms of facial paralysis and anxiety of the patient, and ensure the following chemotherapy. (本文总结1例多发性骨髓瘤患者化疗间歇期合并急性面神经炎的护理经验。在面部护理、康复训练、情志护理的基础上, 采用穴位贴敷、针灸疗法等中医特色护理措施, 有效改善患者面瘫症状, 缓解焦虑情绪, 确保后续化疗疗程的顺利进行。)

Objective To investigate the effects of protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B'gamma (PPP2R5C) on the proliferation, apoptosis and drug sensitivity of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Methods The qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of PPP2R5C in human multiple myeloma cell lines (MM1S and RPMI-8226 cell lines) and normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC). The MM1S cells were transfected with PPP2R5C interfering siRNA (si-PPP2R5C group) and its negative control (si-CTRL group), and PPP2R5C overexpressing plasmid (OE-PPP2R5C group) and its negative control (OE-CTRL group), respectively. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 method, and cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The cells in the si-PPP2R5C group and si-CTRL group were treated with different concentrations of Bortezomib (BTZ) for 24 h, cell viability was measured by CCK-8 method and half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were calculated. After 1 nmol/L BTZ intervention for 24 h, the expression levels of BCL-2 and BAX in the si-PPP2R5C and si-CTRL groups were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot, and Caspase-3/7 activity was detected by Caspase 3/7 activity detection kit, and cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Results Compared with PBMC cells, PPP2R5C was highly expressed in MM1S and RPMI-8226 cells at both mRNA and protein levels (all P<0.001). Compared with the si-CTRL group, the cell proliferation activity of si-PPP2R5C group was inhibited after 48 h and 72 h of cell culture (all P<0.001), the apoptosis rate was significantly increased (5.97% vs 14.39%, P<0.001). Compared with the OE-CTRL group, the cell proliferation activity of OE-PPP2R5C group was enhanced at these time points after 48 h and 72 h of cell culture (all P<0.01). The IC50 value of BTZ in the si-PPP2R5C group was significantly lower than that in the si-CTRL group(3.40 nmol/L vs 10.37 nmol/L, P<0.001). Moreover, compared with the control group and si-CTRL+BTZ group, mRNA and protein level of BCL-2 in the si-PPP2R5C+BTZ group were decreased, while the mRNA and protein level of BAX, Caspase 3/7 activity and cell apoptosis rate were increased (all P<0.05). Conclusions PPP2R5C is highly expressed in MM cell lines. PPP2R5C knockdown can inhibit the cell proliferation and promote apoptosis of MM cells, and increase the drug sensitivity of BTZ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

多发性骨髓瘤是一种由浆细胞异常增殖引起的血液系统恶性疾病。现阶段有免疫调节剂, 蛋白酶体抑制剂, CD38 单抗等多种药物用于治疗多发性骨髓瘤患者, 但仍有多数患者发展为难治/复发多发性骨髓瘤, 临床结局较差。 近年来, 多发性骨髓瘤的嵌合抗原受体 T 细胞 (chimeric antigen receptor-T cell, CAR-T) 治疗领域取得了显著进展, 但 仍然面临着抗原逃逸, 治疗耐药性等挑战。本文就多发性骨髓瘤的 CAR-T 治疗现状及未来发展方向进行述评。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of daratumumab combined with bendamustine in patients with relapsed/ refractory multiple myeloma complicated by secondary extramedullary disease. Methods The clinical data of patients with relapsed/ refractory multiple myeloma complicated by secondary extramedullary disease hospitalized in Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital from January 2021 to December 2023 were analyzed retrospectively. All patients had progressive disease on at least 3 prior treatment lines and followed by combination therapy with daratumumab and bendamustine. The efficacy and safety of the treatment were assessed based on the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) criteria and the National Cancer Institute⁃Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI⁃CTCAE) version 5.0. Results A total of 12 patients were included in the analysis, with 2 achieving complete response, 4 achieving partial response, 2 achieving minimal response, 1 achieving stable disease, and 3 experiencing progressive disease. The overall response rate was 50%, and the median progression-free survival was 8 months. All patients experienced hematological toxicity, 4 of which were grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ. Additionally, 3 patients developed pneumonia during treatment, no treatment⁃related deaths occurred. Conclusions The combination of daratumumab and bendamustine demonstrates effectiveness in treating relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma complicated by secondary extramedullary disease, with manageable toxicities. This result deserves further investigation with a larger patient population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy that is heterogeneous in both clinical and bio‐ logical settings. Despite extensive research and considerable progress in treatment, disease heterogeneity and relapse re‐ main a major challenge in MM treatment. Single-cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology based on nextgeneration sequencing can detect the heterogeneity of tumor cells and bone marrow microenvironment at the single-cell level, thereby improving our understanding of MM diagnosis stratification, precise treatment and prognosis prediction. This article reviews the application of scRNA-seq in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of MM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the mechanism of the interaction between miR-9-5p and tissue metalloproteinase inhibitor 2 (TIMP2) on autophagy and apoptosis in multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Methods Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect expression levels of miR-9-5p and TIMP2 in bone marrow samples of 9 patients with newly diagnosed MM and 9 patients with recurrent MM. The correlation of expression levels between the two were analyzed. U266 cells were divided into the miR-control group, the miR-9-5p group, the pcDNA3.1 group, the pcDNA3.1-TIMP2 group, the miR-9-5p+pcDNA3.1 group, and the miR-9-5p+pcDNA3.1- TIMP2 group. The effects of overexpressed miR-9-5p and TIMP2 on autophagy and apoptosis in U266 cells were detected by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence staining and Western blot experiments. The dual luciferase report experiment verified the interaction between miR-9-5p and TIMP2. Results Compared with newly diagnosed MM patients, the expression level of miR-9-5p was increased and the expression level of TIMP2 was decreased in patients with recurrent MM. The expression levels of miR-9-5p and TIMP2 were negatively correlated (P＜0.05). Compared with the miR-control group, the miR-9-5p group showed a decrease in the expression level of MAP1LC3B- Ⅱ, an increase in expression levels of MAP1LC3B-Ⅰ and SQSTM1, and a decrease in cell apoptosis rate (P＜0.05). Compared with the pcDNA3.1 group, the expression level of MAP1LC3B- Ⅱ was increased in the pcDNA3.1-TIMP2 group, while the expression levels of MAP1LC3B-Ⅰand SQSTM1 were decreased, and the apoptosis rate of cells increased (P＜0.05). Bioinformatics and dual luciferase reporter experiments confirmed that TIMP2 was the target gene of miR-9-5p. Conclusion miR-9-5p inhibits autophagy and apoptosis in MM cells by targeting TIMP2, thereby promoting the occurrence and development of MM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To automatically segment four body components at the T4 thoracic veertebra plane on chest CT in the newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients by deep learning model, and to discuss the correlation between the four body components and the prognosis of the MM patients. Methods: The retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of the MM patients diagnosed in our hospital from January 2017 to December 2021. The clinical informations such as age, gender, weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) of the patients were collected. The laboratory data of the patients were collected, including serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), calcium (Ca), creatinine (Scr), albumin (Alb), hemoglobin (Hb), β2-microglobulin (β2-MG), and serum free light chains. The chest CT images of 79 regularly evaluated MM patients detected by deep learning model were divide into four body components: pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, subcutaneous fat, and mediastinal fat. Image J software was used to detect the areas of the four body components at the T4 thoracic vertebra plane, and their correlation with the prognosis of the MM patients was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results: The univariate analysis results showed that the area of subcutaneous fat, serum Ca levels, Scr levels, and International Staging System (ISS) stage were related to the overall survival (OS) of the MM patients (HR=2. 260, 95% CI: 1. 116-4. 578, P=0. 024; HR=2. 088, 95% CI: 1. 007-4. 327, P= 0. 048; HR=2. 209, 95% CI: 1. 105-4. 414, P=0. 025; HR=1. 730, 95% CI: 1. 040-2. 879, P= 0. 035). The multivariate analysis results showed that the area of subcutaneous fat among the four body components was an independent risk factor affecting the prognosis of the MM patients (95% CI: 1. 228- 5. 782, P=0. 013). The Log-Rank test results showed that compared with high subcutaneous fat area group, the OS of the patients in low subcutaneous fat area group was decreased(P=0. 018). There was no significant difference in OS of the patients with different genders between high subcutaneous fat area group and low subcutaneous fat area group (P>0. 05). In the patients without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, compared with high subcutaneous fat area group, the OS of the patients in low subcutaneous fat area group was decreased (P=0. 037). Conclusion: Among the four body components at the T4 thoracic vertebra plane, the area of subcutaneous fat is related to the OS of the MM patients and it is an independent risk factor for the prognosis of the MM patients, while the areas of mediastinal fat, pectoralis major, and pectoralis minor have no predictive value for the prognosis of the MM patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine is the property of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To investigate whether methionine metabolic axis could be a potential therapeutic target for multiple myeloma (MM). Methods Ten MM patients (newly diagnosed and treatment-responsive groups) were selected from the Department of Hematology, and five healthy individuals who voluntarily donated bone marrow supernatant from the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University were chosen as the control group. Targeted quantitative metabolomics analysis of bone marrow supernatants from the three groups was performed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Multivariate statistical analysis was conducted on the metabolomics data. Human MM-related high-throughput gene chip data from the NCBI GEO database were analyzed using online tools Cell Ranger and Seurat software, and bioinformatics analysis techniques were used to identify common differential genes. Key genes related to the methionine metabolism axis in MM were screened. Results The levels of methionine and cysteine in the bone marrow supernatants of MM patients were significantly elevated (P<0.05). Enzymes involved in the methionine cycle, including methionine adenosyltransferase 2 A (MAT2 A), adenosylhomocysteinase (AHCY), and protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1), were found to be associated with MM progression. Conclusion The key enzymes MAT2 A, AHCY, and PRMT1 may influence the biological behavior and disease progression of MM by regulating methionine metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To construct chimeric antigen receptors modified γδT cells targeting at BCMA (BCMA CAR-γδT) and to evaluate its efficacy of anti-multiple myeloma in vitro. Methods Lentiviral vectors containing BCMA single-chain variable fragment were constructed and transiently transfected into 293T cells. The expression of foreign genes was verified by fluorescence microscopy and Western blot; the lentivirus was packaged and the virus titer was determined by flow cytometry. Human peripheral blood αβT cells were infected and γδT cells were examined for its infection efficiency; LDH release method was used to detect the cytotoxic activity of BCMA CAR-γδT cells against human multiple myeloma cell lines in vitro, and the difference of cytotoxic activity between CAR-γδT cells and CAR-αβT cells was compared by Incucyte S3 Live-Cell Analysis Instrument. Results Twenty-four hours after BCMA-CAR lentiviral vector was transferred into 293T cells, the expression of exogenous ZsGreen was microscopied by fluorescence microscope; CD3ζ was detected by Western blot, which showed that BCMA-CAR could be successfully expressed. The lentivirus was packaged, collected and concentrated(virus titer of 2.23×108 Tu/mL). Infected αβT cells and γδT cells from human peripheral blood in MOI=5, and the results of flow cytometry showed that infection efficiency of αβT cells was 59.18%±2.56%, γδT cells was 48.15±9.86%. The cytotoxic activity of CAR-γδT cells against human myeloma cell lines MM1.S, H929 with high expression of BCMA and K562 cells with over-expression of BCMA was higher than that of empty vector control γδ T cells,which were significantly enhanced (P＜0.001), but there was no difference in cell lines negative for BCMA expression; Live-Cell Analysis Instrument results showed that the cytotoxic activity of BCMA CAR-γδT cells and BCMA CAR-αβT cells against H929 in vitro was significantly better than their vector control cells. There was no difference in the cytotoxic activities of BCMA CAR-γδT cells as compared with against BCMA negative cell lines, and so do BCMA CAR-T cells. Conclusions Cytotoxic activity of BCMA CAR-γδT targeting at BCMA in vitro was significantly enhanced,which is expected to serve as a novel allogeneic γδT cell product for cell adoptive immunotherapy of multiple myeloma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy is the property of Editorial Office of Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Practical Pharmacy & Clinical Remedies is the property of Editorial Department of Practical Pharmacy & Clinical Remedies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice is the property of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice (Editorial Board, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Multiple myeloma （MM） is an incurable hematological malignancy characterized by the proliferation of clonal plasma cells. High relapse rate and acquired drug resistance remain key challenges for MM. Therefore, it is necessary to find new therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers for MM. Ferroptosis is a new type of iron-dependent programmed cell death, which can inhibit tumor. Recent studies have suggested that targeted induction of ferroptosis in MM cells through iron metabolism, lipid metabolism and other pathways can effectively inhibit the growth and proliferation of MM cells. In addition, ferroptosis-related genes are of great significance for the prognosis of MM. This review summarizes the progress of ferroptosis in MM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the efficacy and safety of ixazomib in the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma ( RRMM). METHODS: Major Chinese and English databases were searched for randomized controlled trials of ixazomib in the treatment of RRMM ( the study group received combination therapy containing isazzomib, while the control group was given combination therapy without isazzomib) from the establishment of database to Apr. 10th, 2023. Two researchers independently screened literature, extracted basic data and evaluated the risk bias. Meta-analysis was performed by Stata 13. 0 software. RESULTS: A total of 5 randomized controlled trials with 1 071 patients were included. ( 1) Efficacy results of Meta-analysis showed that, compared with the control group, the treatment regimen in the study group could improve overall response rate (ORR, RR = 1. 12,95%CI = 1. 03- 1. 22,P = 0. 009) and ≥very good partial response (≥VGPR) rate (RR = 1. 22,95%CI = 1. 04-1. 43,P = 0. 016), with statistically significant differences. However, the treatment regimen in study group could not prolong the median overall survival (OS) or progression-free survival (PFS), the differences in median OS (HR = 0. 97,95%CI = 0. 62- 1. 53,P = 0. 91) and median PFS (HR = 0. 84,95%CI = 0. 62-1. 14,P = 0. 26) in both groups were not statistically significant. Subgroup analysis showed that compared with the control group, isazzomib + lenalidomide + dexamethasone (IRD) regimen could significantly prolong the median PFS, with statistical significances (HR = 0. 71,95%CI = 0. 58-0. 88,P = 0. 001). (2) In terms of safety, there were no significant differences between the study group and control group in grade 3 or higher adverse events (AE), dose reduction and treatment termination caused by AE (P>0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: The current evidence shows that isazzomib has higher safety in the treatment of RRMM, with significant efficacy in improving ORR and ≥VGPR rate. IRD may be related to prolonged PFS, yet ixazomib can’t improve OS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple myeloma is a malignant proliferative disease of plasma cells, and some patients may develop systemic amyloidosis. Cardiac amyloidosis is a common cause of death in these patients. Secondary adrenal insufficiency is caused by dysfunction of the hypothalamus and/or the pituitary gland, and multiple myeloma cases combined with secondary adrenal cortical dysfunction have been rarely reported in China. The patient, 55-year-old, male, was admitted to the Emergency Department of Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital on June 5, 2018 due to "repeated chest tightness and fatigue for 7 months, and fainting for 1 hour". Later, he was transferred to Department of Hematology and was diagnosed as having multiple myeloma (λ light chain type) with systemic amyloidosis through bone marrow puncture and other examinations. The first course regimen of chemotherapy was bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone. After the course, the patient was infected with a mixture of bacteria and fungi in the lung and had improvement after treatment. Then the regimen was adjusted to bortezomib and dexamethasone from the second course. After the fourth course, the patient achieved complete remission of multiple myeloma. After the fifth course, the patient experienced severe pulmonary-mixed infection again, which was improved after treatment. Thereafter, the patient presented with refractory hypotension, and decreased levels of cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which was diagnosed as secondary adrenal cortical dysfunction. Hydrocortisone replacement therapy was administered. After 9 courses of chemotherapy, the patient received maintenance treatment with ixazomib. Multiple myeloma was evaluated as a stringent complete response. Cardiac amyloidosis was evaluated as a very good partial response, and secondary adrenal cortical dysfunction was treated with hydrocortisone maintenance therapy and with the cortisol level in the normal range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of lymphocyte-derived microvesicles (LMP) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Methods A total of 65 newly diagnosed MM patients were used as the initial diagnosis group, and 30 health examination volunteers were selected as the control group. After 4 courses of chemotherapy, 8 patients in the initial diagnosis group died within 3 months, and the remaining 57 patients were included in the post chemotherapy group. Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of LMP in peripheral blood of three groups, as well as the immune phenotype expression of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and bone marrow MM cells in the initial diagnosis group. Values of LMP between different therapeutic groups after chemotherapy were compared. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the cutoff value for predicting death for each LMP. For the high (H) group with LMP ≥ cut-off value and the low (L) group with LMP＜cut-off value, Kaplan Meier survival analysis was performed. Variables with a P value＜0.05 in Kaplan Meier analysis were included into Cox regression analysis to analyze influencing factors of patient death. The differences in lymphocyte subpopulations and myeloma cell immunophenotypes were compared between different LMP groups. Results The proportions of LMP, CD3+ LMP and CD3+ CD8+ LMP were lower in the initial diagnosis group than those in the control group, while the proportions of NKLMP and CD4+ /CD8+ LMP were higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05). The proportion of CD3+ CD8+ LMP was higher in the post chemotherapy group than that in the initial diagnosis group, while the proportion of CD3+ CD4+ LMP and the ratio of CD4+ /CD8+ LMP were lower than those in the initial diagnosis group (P＜0.05). The proportion of CD3+ LMP and ratio of CD3+ CD8+ LMP were higher in the CR+VGPR group than those in the PR+MR+PD group (P＜0.01), while the proportion of NKLMP and ratio of CD4+ /CD8+ LMP were lower than those in the PR+MR+PD group (P＜0.05). Kaplan Meier analysis showed that the median survival time (OS) was shorter in the LLMP group than that of the HLMP group (P＜0.01). The median OS was shorter in the LNKTLMP group than that in the HNKTLMP group (P＜0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that LLMP and LNKTLMP were independent risk factors for patient mortality, with HR 4.620 and 2.706 (P＜0.05). The proportions of CD3+ CD4+ T and CD4+ /CD8+ T were higher in the LLMP group than those in the HLMP group (P＜0.05). The proportion of CD117+ in MM cells was higher in the LLMP group than that in the HLMP group (P＜0.05). Conclusion Patients with MM have abnormal secretion of LMP. The LMP and NKTLMP are closely correlated with prognosis of MM. Targeted regulation of LMP secretion may improve the survival and prognosis of MM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the reversal effect of thalidomide on drug resistance of daratumumab in transplanted myeloma in nude mice and to explore the related mechanism. Methods Balb/c nude mice were divided into the blank group (n=10), model group (n=10), and experimental group (n=10), respectively. The MPC-11 cells of plasmacy‐ toma in the logarithmic growth phase were inoculated into the right axilla of nude mice in the model group and experimental group to establish the models of subcutaneous myeloma in nude mice. In the experimental group, 144 mg/kg was injected subcutaneously on the 1st and 8th days after tumor formation, and 15 mg/kg thalidomide was given to the stomach at 48 h after the first subcutaneous injection of daratumumab, once a day； while in the blank group and model group, distilled wa‐ ter was given daily. In the experimental group, NK cell depletion was detected at different time points after daratumumab injection； in the experimental group, we detected the NK cell changes before the first dose of daratumumab, and NK cell depletion point after daratumumab injection on day 3 of thalidomide and at the second dose of daratumumab. After the experiment, flow cytometry was used to detect NK cells and CD38 expression in each group. ELISA was used to detect interleukin (IL)-15, IFN-γ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in nude mice serum. Results After injection of daratumum‐ ab， the number of NK cells in the experimental group increased at first， reached the highest at 24 h， and then decreased. The number of NK cells in the model group was lower than that in the blank group， while the number of NK cells in the experimental group was higher than that in the model group (all P<0. 01). The expression of CD38 in the model group was higher than that in the blank group， while the expression of CD38 in the experimental group was lower than that in the mod‐ el group(both P<0. 01). The numbers of NK cells in nude mice of the experimental group were 3. 25 ± 0. 23，12. 65 ± 1. 27，26. 48 ± 0. 66， and 37. 67 ± 1. 45， respectively， before the first administration of daratumumab， at the time point of depletion of NK cells after injection of thalidomide， on the third day after administration of thalidomide and before the second administration of daratumumab， showing an increasing trend. The serum levels of IL-15， IFN-γ， and TNF-α in the model group were higher than those in the blank group (all P<0. 05)， and the levels of IL-15 and IFN-γ in the experimental group were higher than those in the blank group (all P<0. 01). Conclusions The depletion of NK cells is one of the important reasons for the drug resistance of myeloma cells to daratumumab. Thalidomide may reverse the drug resistance of transplanted myeloma cells to daratumumab by alleviating the depletion of NK cells and regulating the expression of inflammatory factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To reveal the function of interferon gamma inducible protein 16 (IFI16) in multiple myeloma (MM) . Methods:Human multiple myeloma cells (RPMI-8266) were divided into Control group (untransfected cells), NC-sh group (cells transfected with negative control shRNA lentivirus), IFI16-sh group (cells transfected with IFI16 shRNA lentivirus), NC-OE group (cells transfected with negative control overexpressing lentivirus) and IFI16-OE group (cells transfected with IFI16 overexpression lentivirus) . Lipofectamine2000 was used for transfection and cells were collected after 48 h culture. Cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay and colony formation test. Apoptosis was detected by Annexin V-FITC and PI staining. Cell invasion was detected by Transwell. The m RNA levels of IFI16, Bcl-2, Bax, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 1 and FGF2 were detected by qRT-PCR. The protein expression level of IFI16 was detected by Western blot. Nude mice were randomly divided into NC-sh group and IFI16-sh group (n=6) . Nude mice in NC-sh group and IFI16-sh group were subcutaneously injected with RPMI-8266 cell suspension transfected with NC-sh and IFI16-sh, respectively. After35 days, the tumor volume was measured and the tumor weight was weighed. The levels of Th1 cytokines [interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL) -12], Th2 cytokines (IL-4) and proinflammatory factors [IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) ] were detected by ELISA method. Results: Compared with Control group and NC-sh group, the relative expression of IFI16 m RNA and protein of RPMI-8266 cells in IFI16-sh group decreased (P＜0.05), relative cell viability and number of colony and invasive cells decreased (P＜0.05),the apoptosis rate and relative expression of Bax m RNA increased (P＜0.05), the relative m RNA expression level of Bcl-2, FGF1 and FGF2 decreased (P＜0.05) . Compared with Control group and NC-OE group, the relative expression of IFI16 m RNA and protein of RPMI-8266 cells in IFI16-OE group increased (P＜0.05), relative cell viability and number of colony invasive cells increased (P＜0.05), apoptosis rate and relative expression of Bax m RNA decreased (P＜0.05), the relative m RNA expression level of Bcl-2, FGF1 and FGF2 increased (P＜0.05) . Compared with NC-sh group, the tumor volume, tumor weight, the relative expression of IFI16 m RNA and protein in tumor tissue of IFI16-sh group decreased (P＜0.05), the levels of IFN-γ and IL-12 in peripheral blood increased (P＜0.05), the level of IL-4, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in peripheral blood decreased (P＜0.05) . Conclusion: IFI16 is a kind of oncogene in MM. Down-regulation of IFI16 can inhibit the growth and invasion of MM cells. The mechanism is related to correcting the balance of Th1/Th2 cells and inhibiting the activity of pro-inflammatory factors [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice is the property of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice (Editorial Board, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the efficacy of daratumumab combined with lenalidomide and dexamethasone in the treatment of elderly refractory multiple myeloma and its short-term prognosis. METHODS: A total of 82 patients with multiple myeloma admitted to Huanggang Central Hospital from Jan. 2020 to Jan. 2022 were selected as research objects, those patients were divided into 41 cases in the observation group ( treated with daratumumab combined with lenalidomide + dexamethasone ) and 41 cases in the control group ( treated with lenalidomide + dexamethasone ). The efficacy, degrees of myelosuppression, grades of peripheral neuropathy, incidences of adverse drug reactions and short-term prognosis of both groups were observed. RESULTS: The strict complete remission rate of the observation group was 21. 95% (9 / 41), which was higher than 4. 88% (2 / 41) of the control group, with statistically significant difference ( P < 0. 05). After treatment, the proportion of degree Ⅱ of myelosuppression was 7. 32% (3 / 41) in the observation group, lower than 26. 83% (11 / 41) in the control group, with statistically significant difference (P< 0. 05). After treatment, the percentage of grade Ⅱ and grade Ⅰ-Ⅳ of peripheral neuropathy were respectively 4. 87% (2 / 41) and 24. 39% (10 / 41) in the observation group, lower than 26. 83% (11 / 41) and 48. 78% (20 / 41) in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P<0. 05). There was no statistically significant difference in total incidences of adverse drug reactions between two groups (P> 0. 05). The M protein content, abnormal plasma cell, β2-microglobulin and blood calcium value of the observation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effects of expression of microRNA-214 (miR-214) on the proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle of multiple myeloma (MM) cells and its mechanism. Methods The expression of miR-214 in MM cell lines IM-9, U266, Lp-1, H929 and human normal plasma cells was detected by quantitative real-time fluores‑ cence PCR (qRT-PCR) . U266 cells were randomly divided into the miR-214 mimics group and mimics-NC group. MiR- 214 mimics and mimics-NC were transfected into U266 cells of the two groups, respectively. The expression differences of miR-214 between the two groups after transfection were detected by qRT-PCR；the differences in colony formation num‑ ber, OD value at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, apoptosis rate, and cell cycle proportion between the two groups were detected by plate cloning experiment, CCK-8 experiment, and flow cytometry, respectively；and the expression difference of FOXM1 protein between the two groups after transfection was detected by Western blotting. Results The expression levels of miR-214 in the IM-9, U266, Lp-1, and H929 cells were significantly lower than that in the normal plasma cells (all P< 0. 05) . After transfection, compared with the mimics-NC group, the expression level of miR-214 in U266 cells in the miR- 214 mimics group significantly increased (P<0. 05), the number of colony formation significantly decreased (P<0. 05), and the OD value significantly decreased at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h (all P<0. 05), the rate of apoptosis and the proportion of G0/G1 in the cell cycle significantly increased (P<0. 05), the proportion of S phase and G2/M phase significantly de‑ creased (P<0. 05), and the expression level of FOXM1 protein significantly decreased (P<0. 05) . Conclusions The miR-214 is low expressed in MM cells, and up-regulation of miR-214 inhibits the proliferation of MM cells and promotes their apoptosis, blocking the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase. The mechanism may be achieved by inhibiting the expression of FOXM1 gene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peripheral neuropathy is a common complication during treatment of multiple myeloma, which affecting the prognosis and patients’ quality of life. Effective prevention, treatment and nursing interventions have been proved to reduce the incidence of multiple myeloma complicated by peripheral neuropathy. This paper reviewed the studies on nursing of multiple myeloma complicated by peripheral neuropathy in perspectives of risk factors, prevention, treatment and nursing interventions, in order to provide reference for clinical nursing practice. (多发性骨髓瘤周围神经病变(MMPN)是多发性骨髓瘤(MM)治疗过程中常见的并发症之一, 严重影响患者的生活质量及预后, 有效的预防措施、治疗方法和护理干预均能有效降低MMPN的发生率。本研究从MMPN的危险因素、预防、治疗及护理干预措施进行综述, 旨在为MMPN患者的护理提供参考依据和实践指导。)

Objective To investigate the effect of CircBACH1 on proliferation, apoptosis and chemotherapy sensitivity of multiple myeloma (MM) cells and the regulatory mechanism on miR-140-5p/MDM2 axis during this process. Methods Bone marrow plasma cells were collected from the MM patient group and normal control group. Human MM cell line U266 cells were divided into the untransfected group, the si-NC group, the si1-CircBACH1 group, the si2-CircBACH1 group, the si-CircBACH1+anti-miR-NC group and the si-CircBACH1+anti-miR-140-5p group. The mRNA expressions of CircBACH1, miR-140-5p and mouse double microsoma 2 (MDM2) were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. Cell proliferation activity was detected by CCK-8 assay. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis and sensitivity to bortezomib. The expression levels of B-cell lymphofactor 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) and cleaved caspase - 3 were detected by Western blot assay. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay was used to verify the targeting relationship of CircBACH1, miR-140-5p and MDM2. Results Compared with the normal control group, the mRNA expression levels of CircBACH1 and MDM2 were increased in bone marrow plasma cells and U266 cells in the MM group, while the expression of miR-140-5p was decreased (P＜0.05). Compared with the control group and the si-NC group, the mRNA expression of CircBACH1 and MDM2, cell proliferation activity and Bcl-2 protein expression were decreased in the transfected siCircBACH1 group. The expression of miR-140-5p, cell apoptosis rate, chemotherapy sensitivity, cleaved caspase-3 and Bax expressions were increased (P＜0.05). In the anti-miR-140-5p supplementation experiment, the effect of siCircBACH1 on MM cells was reversed, and the expression of MDM2 was increased (P＜0.05). Dual luciferase gene reporting experiment verified the targeting relationship between CircBACH1 and MDM2 and miR-140-5p. Conclusion Knock down of CircBACH1 can up-regulate the expression of miR-140-5p, down-regulate the expression of MDM2, inhibit the proliferation of MM cells, promote the apoptosis of MM cells and improve the chemosensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell disease with bone pain, renal insufficiency, anemia and hypercalcemia as the main symptoms. It is likely to be misdiagnosed and missed diagnosis because of complex clinical manifestations. MM with temporomandibular arthritis as the initial symptom is rare. In this article, the diagnosis and treatment of one case of IgD MM with temporomandibular arthritis as the initial symptom were reported. The 48-year-old male patient presented with pain and numbness in the right temporomandibular area as the initial symptoms. He was admitted to different local hospitals. Imaging examination was highly indicative of MM, which was eventually confirmed by bone marrow aspiration and immunofixation electrophoresis. This case prompts that clinicians should deepen the understanding of MM, especially IgD MM that is relatively difficult to diagnose, aiming to lower the risk of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To examine the differences in therapy response and confirm the effective regimen for multiple myeloma (MM) patients with t (11; 14)/CD20- or CD20+, for the selection of transplantation as early treatment. Methods To find the differences in therapy response and to confirm the effective regimen for multiple myeloma (MM) patients with t (11; 14)/CD20- or CD20+, for the selection of transplantation as the early treatment. There were three cytogenetics groups: t(11; 14)/CD20- or CD20+ and low-risk profile including normal or cytogenetics other than t (11; 14). Eligible patients received the bortezomib-based induction and lenalidomide-based consolidation/maintenance regimen. Results Patients with t(11;14) gained adverse therapy response for bortezomib induction regimen than other low-risk arm (OR rate: 11.1% versus 84.0% versus 85.2%, P＜0.01). A prospective found that although the patients with t(11;14)/CD20- showed the poor overall response for the bortezomib-based regimen, lenalidomide-based treatment schedule makes them gain a similar therapy advantage comparing with t(11;14)/ CD20+ and other low-risk group in the study The subgroup analyses of progression-free survival(PFS) and overall survival(OS) by continued lenalidomide-based consolidation/maintenance treatment also showed a benefit for lenalidomide therapy compared with observation regardless of cytogenetic risk profile and response at baseline (PFS at 4 years reached 75.0% versus 77.1% versus 84.2%, OS at 4 years was 75.0% versus 88.5% versus 90.4%, respectively). Moreover, the lenalidomide regimen little induced the incidence of fatal complications and was tolerated. There were only 3.2%, 8.4% and 15.8% patients had agranulocytosis, peripheral neuropathy and infection of 3-4 grade. Conclusions Lenalidomide regimen is more effective for t (11, 14)/ CD20- risk MM and t(11;14)/CD20+ and other cytogenetically low-risk MM are consistent in PFS and OS. In addition, the initial response rate of MM patients with unsatisfactory bortezomib treatment can also be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine is the property of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine is the property of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper summarized the common types of nursing for patients with multiple myeloma with ostalgia, including care bundles, extended care, Traditional Chinese Medicine emotional care, mind-mapping based care, PRECEDE-PROCEED mode-based nursing. Application prospect, advantages and disadvantages of different type of nursing interventions were analyzed for providing basis of further research on nursing of multiple myeloma with ostalgia. (本研究总结多发性骨髓瘤骨痛患者临床常见护理模式, 包括集束化护理模式、延续性护理模式、中医情志护理模式、思维导图护理模式、格林护理模式, 并分析应用前景, 探讨利弊, 旨在为多发性骨髓瘤骨痛护理模式的深入研究及制定提供参考及借鉴。)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy is the property of Editorial Office of Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

免疫调节药物作为多发性骨髓瘤治疗方案中的常用药，其耐药性的发生与CRBN表达下调或基因改变、 CRL4及Ikaros家族锌指蛋白1/3突变、表观遗传改变、信号通路失调、转运蛋白及RUNX表达异常等多种机制相关。 患者发生耐药后容易变得复发难治，病情加速进展。新一代免疫调节药物、蛋白降解靶向嵌合体及表观遗传疗法等 针对免疫调节药物耐药的新型治疗方法相继开发，有望改善多发性骨髓瘤患者的临床结局。然而，免疫调节药物耐 药机制及逆转耐药的策略研究主要处于细胞实验水平或早期临床试验阶段，未来还需要在大样本量患者中进行全 面评估。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Practical Oncology Journal is the property of Journal of Practical Oncology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy is the property of Editorial Office of Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To investigate the predictive value of serum β2-microglobulin(β2-MG), soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products(sRAGE) combined with prognostic nutrition index(PNI) for death in patients with primary treatment multiple myeloma(MM). Methods: 80 patients with MM initially diagnosed in Maanshan People's Hospital from January 2018 to January 2020 were selected. Serum β2-MG, sRAGE, albumin and peripheral blood lymphocyte count levels of all patients were detected before treatment, and PNI was calculated. The survival of patients with MM was recorded during the follow-up period of 24 months after discharge. The risk factors affecting the death of patients with MM at 24 months after discharge were analyzed and the clinical value of β2-MG, sRAGE and PNI combined in predicting the death of patients with MM at 24 months after discharge was analyzed. Results: During the follow-up period, 1 case was lost to follow-up, 24 cases died, and 55 cases survived. The serum β2-MG level in the death group was higher than that in the survival group (P＜0.05), and the serum sRAGE level and PNI were lower than those in the survival group (P＜0.05). R-ISS Ⅲ and increased β2-MG levels were risk factors for death in patients with MM within 24 months after discharge (P＜0.05), and increased sRAGE level and PNI were protective factors (P＜0.05). The area under curve of β2-MG, sRAGE and PNI predicting the death of patients with MM within 24 months after discharge were 0.776, 0.720 and 0.717, respectively. The area under curve of combining three indicators predicting the death of patients with MM within 24 months after discharge was 0.890, which was higher than that predicted by individual indicators. Conclusion: Increased serum β2-MG level and decreased sRAGE level and PNI in patients with MM are associated with death within 24 months after discharge. The combination of β2-MG, sRAGE and PNI could effectively assist in evaluating the prognosis of patients with MM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant clonal cancer of plasma cell characterized by overproduction of abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow and skeletal destruction. Its incidence rate ranks the second among all malignant hematologic diseases. With a widespread usage of protease inhibitors, immunomodulators, corticosteroids and other chemicals, the survival rate of MM has substantially improved in the past 20 years. Corticosteroids are the first-line drug of MM combination chemotherapy, but almost all MM will relapse or become drug resistance in later treatment. There fore, exploring the mechanism of MM′s drug resistance to corticosteroids and enhancing MM′s sensitivity to dexamethasone will provide a a improved treatment plan to the patients prognosis and deeper understanding of MM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To detect the expression level of long non-coding carbonyl reductase 3 antisense RNA1(LncRNA CBR3-AS1) in the serum of patients with multiple myeloma and analyze its clinical significance. Methods This study included 100 patients with multiple myeloma who were first diagnosed in Shijiazhuang People's Hospital from January 2012 to March 2020 as the observation group, and 50 healthy people under the age of 65 who had taken physical examination as the control group. Fluorescence quantitative PCR technology was used to detect the relative expression level of LncRNA CBR3-AS1 in the serum of each group, the relationship between the expression level of serum LncRNA CBR3-AS1 and the clinical parameters of patients with multiple myeloma was analyzed and compared, Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to analyze the relationship between the expression level of serum LncRNA CBR3-AS1 and the prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma, univariate and multivariate Cox regression were used to assess the factors that may affect the prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma. Results The relative expression level of LncRNA CBR3-AS1 in the serum of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P＜0.05); The relative expression level of LncRNA CBR3-AS1 in the serum of patients with multiple myeloma was related to clinical Durie-Salmon (D-S) staging and International Staging System (ISS) staging(P＜0.05); Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the survival rate of patients in the LncRNA CBR3-AS1 low expression group (78.0%) was significantly higher than that of the patients in the LncRNACBR3-AS1 high expression group (58.0%)(χ2=5.370, P＜0.05); Univariate analysis showed that clinical D-S staging (HR=2.159; 95% CI=1.323-3.524; P＜0.05), ISS staging(HR=1.746; 95% CI=1.091-2.794; P＜0.05) and serum LncRNA CBR3-AS1 expression (HR=1.975; 95% CI=1.210-0.224; P＜0.05) affected the prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma, multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that clinical D-S staging (HR=2.769; 95% CI=1.315-5.832; P＜0.05), ISS staging (HR=2.495; 95% CI=1.117-5.573; P＜0.05) and serum LncRNA CBR3-AS1 expression (HR=3.214; 95% CI=1.206-8.564; P＜0.05) were potential independent influencing factors to development of multiple myeloma. Conclusions Expression of CBR3-AS1 is increased in the serum of patients with multiple myeloma, which may relate to the prognosis of multiple myeloma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanism of an autophagy-related gene (ARG) in the occurrence and development of multiple myeloma (MM) was explored and a related prognostic model was established. On the basis of the MMRF and HADb databases, the differential expression of ARGs in MM was determined by R language, the relationship between ARGs and the occurrence and development of MM was analyzed by GO and KEGG, the multi-gene prognostic model was established by COX regression algorithm, the survival curve was drawn by Kaplan-Meier method, and the reliability of the prognostic model was evaluated by ROC curve. Finally, a total of 104 differentially expressed ARGs were extracted from bone marrow samples of 764 MM patients and four normal bone marrow samples. It was found that there were significant differences in the expression of 104 genes in MM samples, including 46 up-regulated genes and 58 down-regulated genes. GO enrichment mainly focused on ontology annotations such as macrophagy, autophagy regulation, and cell response to external stimuli. KEGG enrichment was mainly concentrated in autophagy, apoptosis, NOD-like receptor signal pathway, and PI3K-Akt signal pathway. Univariate COX analysis showed that 33 ARGs were significantly correlated with the overall survival of MM patients. Thirteen prognostic ARGs (NKX2-3, NCKAP1, BIRC5, PEX3, HGS, RUBCN, PARP1, ARSA, DNAJB9, HSP90AB1, EEF2, FKBP1B, and CD46) were selected by multivariate COX regression to establish ARGs prognostic model for MM. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed a significant difference in survival rate between high risk group and low risk group (P <0.001). Multivariate COX regression analysis showed that age, ISS stage, and risk value were independent prognostic indicators of MM patients (P<0.005). The area under the ROC curve was 0.561, 0.685, and 0.719. The following conclusions are drawn: the ARGs prognostic model of MM can be used to predict the survival of patients with MM, but it needs to be verified by further clinical studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: The interaction of CXC motif chemokine receptor (CXCR) on the cell surface of multiple myeloma (MM) with chemokines in the bone marrow microenvironment is involved in proliferation, survival and extramedullary invasion of MM cells. Sinomenine derivative YL064 exerts its biological effects by targeting intracellular signaling regulators in MM cells. This study aimed to explore possible modulating and biological effects of sinomenine derivative YL064 on CXCR3 in MM cells. Methods: The MM cell lines H929 and MM1.S were used as in vitro models. H929-OE and MM1.S-OE cells with stable overexpression of CXCR3 were constructed with lentivirus vector. The effects of CXCR3 on clonal formation and migration of MM cells were detected by clone spot formation and transwell migration assay. Meanwhile, flow cytometry was used to analyze apoptotic rates of H929, H929-OE, MM1.S and MM1.S-OE cells treated with different concentrations of YL064. Furthermore, real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTFQ-PCR) and Western blot assay were applied to detect expression levels of CXCR3 and its downstream signal regulators extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) and p-protein kinase B (p-AKT) in H929 and MM1.S cells before and after the treatment with YL064. Results: The clonal formation rates of H929-OE and MM1.S-OE cells with CXCR3 overexpression reached to 81.33%±5.79% and 73.00%±4.90%, which were significantly higher compared with H929 (58.33%±3.30%) and MM1.S cells (41.00%±3.14%). The migration proportion of H929-OE and MM1.S-OE cells were 7.90%±0.81% and 23.00%±1.63%, which were significantly higher compared with H929 (4.63%±0.37%) and MM1.S cells (14.63%±1.04%). After treatment with YL064, the apoptotic rates of H929-OE and MM1.S-OE cells were 29.80%±0.30% and 14.20%±0.26%, which were lower than those of H929 (33.40%±0.25%) and MM1.S cells (21.60%±0.21%). It was also shown that YL064 could reduce clonal formation and migration, inhibit CXCR3 gene transcription and downregulate expressions of CXCR3, ERK and AKT in H929 and MM1.S cells. Conclusions: CXCR3 might promote proliferation and invasion of MM cells. Sinomenine derivative YL064 could downregulate expressions of CXCR3 and its downstream signal regulators in MM cells, reduce abilities of clonal formation and migration, and induce apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of bortezomib and lenalidomide combined with dexamethasone in patients with Multiple Myeloma (MM). Methods A total of 94 patients with multiple myeloma in the Hematology Department of the First People’s Hospital of Qujing City from September 2021 to September 2022 were selected and divided into 2 groups by random number table method. The control group (n = 47 cases) was treated with bortezomib combined with dexamethasone, and the observation group (n = 47 cases) bortezomib, dexamethasone and lenalidomide. One course of treatment lasted for 3 weeks, and a total of 6 courses of treatment were conducted. The effective rate, blood biochemical indexes, immune level, disease load and adverse reactions of the two groups were compared. Results After treatment, the effective rate of observation group was higher than that of control group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). After treatment, bone marrow plasma cells and blood M protein levels in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). BAP, OPG and LDH in observation group were higher than those in control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ in observation group were higher than those in control group, and CD8+ were lower than those in control group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The percentage of bone marrow plasma cells, the level of M protein and the level of free light chain were decreased in 2 groups. There was no significant difference in the incidence of bone marrow suppression, fingertip numbness, alopecia, kidney damage and gastrointestinal reaction between 2 groups ( P > 0.05) . Conclusion　Bortezomib, lenalidomide combined with dexamethasone for 6 consecutive courses of treatment can improve the treatment efficiency of multiple myeloma patients, improve their blood biochemical indexes, increase the levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+, and significantly improve the drug safety factor, worthy of promotion and application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]