本稿では喜界島・奄美大島と薩摩・大隅地方の中世遺跡について両地域で出土した建物跡・土坑墓などの遺構と中国陶磁器などの遺物を比較し，11世紀後半から16世紀を5段階に分けて関連を検討した。11世紀後半～12世紀前半には喜界島城久遺跡群において焼骨再葬墓のように中世日本にない要素がある一方で四面庇付掘立柱建物跡・建物群内にある土坑墓など薩摩・大隅地方と類似する点が認められ，これまで文献史学から指摘されていた喜界島で九州の在地領主層，宋商人が南島での交易に関与したことが遺跡からもうかがえる。しかし12世紀後半になると喜界島・奄美大島の陸上の遺跡で中国陶磁器が減少する。この時期に南島との交易に関連した阿多忠景の平氏から追討や源頼朝により貴海島への征討などが起こっており，このような事件の影響が中国陶磁器の流通に反映されていることが考えられる。13世紀以降15世紀にかけて両地域間では，遺構・遺物の差異が目立つ状況にある。奄美大島の赤木名城は九州戦国期の山城と類似が指摘されているが，15世紀に九州の築城技術が伝えられたとは考えにくく，近世に整備された可能性がある。15世紀に喜界島・奄美大島は琉球と対立し敗れている。喜界島と奄美大島笠利地区の15世紀の遺跡が存続せず，16世紀の遺物がほとんど出土していない。集落の移動があったことが想定されるが，そこに琉球の支配がどのように関係しているのかは今後の検討課題である。, This paper compares the medieval remains of Kikaijima island, Amami-Ōshima island, and Satsuma-Ōsumi area through an analysis of the remains of buildings and pit graves excavated in these regions, as well as relics, such as Chinese ceramic wares. We examine the interrelationship of these excavated items by classifying the time period stretching from the latter half of the 11th century up until the 16th century into five stages.Many of the archaeological discoveries dating back to the abovementioned period were not seen in medieval Japan, such as the bone-burning reburial graves observed in Kikaijima Gusuku sites. However, discoveries similar to Satsuma-Ōsumi area, including pit graves around dug-standing pillar building with eaves on the four sides were also identified. As shown by these remains in Kikaijima island and indicated in existing historical documents, local lords and Sung merchants of Kyushu were conducting trade in the Southern Islands.However, there were fewer Chinese ceramic wares from the latter half of the 12th century excavated from the remains of Kikaijima and Amami-Ōshima Islands. This period witnessed events affecting trade with the Southern Islands, including the punitive expedition of Ata Tadakage of the Taira Clan and the conquest of Southern island by Minamoto no Yoritomo. Therefore, it can be assumed that these events affected the distribution of Chinese ceramic wares.Among the excavated remains and relics, significant differences were noticed in objects dating from the 13th to the 15th centuries. Although scholars have observed that the Akagina Castle site in Amami-Ōshima island is similar to the Mountain forts of the Kyushu Sengoku period, it is unlikely that Kyushu castle construction techniques had been transmitted in the 15th century, and they may have developed in the early modern period.In the 15th century, Kikaijima and Amami-Ōshima Islands were defeated in a war with the Ryukyu Kingdom. The 15th century ruins of Kikaijima island and Amami-Ōshima Kasari District have not survived, and very few relics from the 16th century have been excavated. It can be assumed that these settlements relocated. However, the question of how this relates to the dominance of the Ryukyu Kingdom needs to be examined in future research.