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Objective: To describe demographic, clinical and physiological characteristics, treatment between first-episode major depressive disorder (MDD), and relapse MDD, and to explore characteristics of relapse MDD. Methods: Totally 858 patients who met the diagnostic criteria for depression of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5),, were included by using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), Clinician-Rated Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity, and Hamilton Depression Scale etc. Among them, 529 (58. 6%), were first-episode depression and 329 (36. 0%), were relapsed. The differences of demographic characteristics, clinical and physiological characteristics, treatment were compared by χ2 test and Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the characteristics of MDD recurrence. Results: Compared to first-episode MDD, relapse MDD had more comorbidity (OR=2. 11, 95% Cl: 1. 00-4. 44),, more days out of role (OR=1. 26, 95% CI: 1. 01-1. 56), more history of using psychiatric drug more than one month (OR=1. 41, 95% Cl: 1. 02-1. 97), and electroconvulsive therapy (OR=3. 23, 95% Cl: 1. 42-7. 36),, and higher waist-hip ratio (OR=33. 88, 95% Cl: 2. 88-399. 32), . Conclusion: Relapse MDD has positive association with comorbidity of mental disorders, out of role, and higher waist-hip ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]