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[Objective] The present paper aimed to further study the causes of calf blindness aud provide theoretical support for reducing the incidence of congenital blindness of calves aud reducing the economic losses of the breeding industry. [ Method] A cattle farm was selected in Ningxia, whose birth date was close to that of blind calves aud their mothers, aud normal calves. Blood and plasma samples were collected. Through metabonomic aualysis, the differential metabolites and pathway changes between blind calves and their mothers, aud normal calves were studied. [Result] The VIP value of OPLS-DA > 1 and the univariate statistical aualysis P < 0. 05 were used as the criteria for significautly different metabolites. A total of 256 different metabolites were screened from the comparison group of blind calves and normal calves ( V aS. vs. VaL), including 144 in the positive ion mode and 112 in the negative ion mode. A total of 177 different metabolites were screened from the comparison group between the blind calf aud its mother ( VaS. vs. CS), including 108 in the positive ion mode aud 69 in the negative ion mode. The content of rhodopsin in the blind calf was significantly lower than that of its mother, with log2 FC reaching - 2. 87. Compared with its mother, there were 30 differential metabolic pathways with P < 0. 05 in total in blind calves, and 10 differential metabolic pathways with corrected P < 0. 05 in total. Among them, bile secretion metabolic pathway had the largest distribution of differential metabolites. Compared with its mother, 4 metabolites in blind calves were significantly up-regulated, and 9 metabolites were significantly down-regulated. Compared with normal calves, there were 12 differential metabolic pathways with P <0. 05 in total in blind calves, and 16 differential metabolic pathways with corrected P < 0. 05 in total. Among them, bile secretion metabolic pathway distributed the most differential metabolites. Compared with normal calves, there were 5 metabolites significantly up-regulated and 4 metabolites significantly down-regulated in blind calves. [ Conclusion] The bile secretion metabolic pathway of blind calves is significantly different from that of their mothers and normal calves. The research suggests that the blindness of calves may be a disease of the body living in the liver, affecting the normal secretion of bile, leading to that the normal intake of fat-soluble vitamin A can not be absorbed and utilized, and thus affecting the vision of calves. In addition, compared with their mothers, the content of rhodopsin, which affects the cascade reaction of light transduction, is significantly down-regulated under the condition that there is no significant difference in vitamin A levels in the body of blind calves. The study suggests that the mutation of rhodopsin gene (RHO) encoding rhodopsin protein and the lack of rhodopsin protein might be another reason for their blindness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The paper aimed to study t he regulatory effect of Lycium barbarum glycopeptide (LbGp) on the immunosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide (CY) in chicks.[Method] 200 of 7 days Highland layers were selected and divided into 5 groups randomly : blank group (NC), cyclophosphamide grou p (CY) and high dose of LbGp (LbGpH), middle (LbGpM) and l ow dose of (LbGpL ) groups. The layers of NC group were received normal saline intramuscularly, the layers of the other 4 groups were injected intramuscularly with 80 mg/ (kg · d ) CY for 3 days to building immunosuppression modeling. After that, the l ayers of LbGpH, LbGpM and LbGpL grou ps were given 10, 5, 2. 5 mg/ (kg · d ) of LbGp respectively for 7 days. On t he 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after the first administration, 5 chicks were randomly sel ected to determine their body weight, spleen index, peripheral bl ood lymphocyte transformation, and spleen histological analysis.[Result] LbGpH significantly increased the body weight of CY-induced immunosuppressive chicks (P < 0. 05 ), the LbGpM significantly increased the body weight of CY-induced immunosuppressive chicks (P < 0. 01 ) ; The LbGpM significantly increased the spleen index of CY-induced immunosuppressive chicks (P < 0. 05); The LbGpH and LbGpM significantly increased the peripheral blood lymphocyte transformation rate of CY-induced immunosuppressive chicks (P < 0. 01); The histological results of the spleen showed that the number of germinal centers in each LbGp group was significantly higher t han t hat in the CY group on t he 14th and 21th day after t he first administration (P < 0. 05) .[Conclusion] L. barbarum glycopeptide has a significant antagonistic effect on the immunosuppression of chicks induced by cyclophosphamide, and the middle dose group has the best effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]