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【Objective】This study aimed to comprehensively understand the metabolic differences of different tissues of water lily flowers to provide a theoretical basis for the precise application of water lily in the field of extraction, processing and functional food.【Method】Nymphaea ‘Panama Pacific’ was used to detect metabolites from petals, pistils and stamens by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry（LC-MS）. The experimental data were analyzed by cluster analysis and multivariate statistical analysis. The specific metabolites of various tissues were searched by Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes（KEGG）.【Result】A total of 1084 metabolites were detected from water lily flowers. The contents of metabolites in pistil, stamen and petal were significantly different. It was found that there were 553 differential metabolites between pistil and petal, 569 differential metabolites between pistil and stamen, and 613 differential metabolites between petal and stamen. In terms of dominant metabolite species, there were 138 dominant metabolites in petals, which were significantly enriched in 3 metabolic pathways: Biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids, flavonoid biosynthesis and citrate cycle. The dominant metabolites of pistils were 165,which were significantly enriched in 4 pathways including biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids, flavonoid biosynthesis, cyanoamino acid metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. There were 206 dominant metabolites in stamens, which were significantly enriched in 3 metabolic pathways: Flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, biosynthesis of plant hormones, indole alkaloid biosynthesis. The contents of aspartic acid, tyrosine and glutamate in pistil were relatively high. And the contents of vincristine and tetrahydropalmatine in stamens were relatively high. Especially as a natural anticancer drug, the content of vincristine in stamens was about 1192 times that of pistils and 553 times that of petals, respectively.【Conclusion】The contents of metabolites in different tissues of water lily flowers are significantly different. The dominant metabolites of each tissue are significantly enriched in eight metabolic pathways, including phenylpropane biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, flavonoid and flavonol biosynthesis, and indole alkaloid biosynthesis. The non-targeted metabonomics technology can effectively screen the dominant metabolites in different tissues of lotus, and provide a scientific basis for the development and utilization of water lily flowers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] To provide scientific basis for hybrid breeding of water lily, the effects of different medium components and culture time on pollen germination and lube growth of Nymphaea ‘Paul Stetson’ were studied. [Method] The pollen germination in vitro was observed by microscope. [Result] H3BO3 of 20 and 40 mg/L could promote pollen germination, Sucrose of suitable concentration and Ca2+ of low concentration could significantly increase the germination rate of pollen. The pollen germination rate increased rapidly in the pre 4 hours, and the germination rale of 4 hours to 6 hours tended to be stable. Pollen lubes grew faster in llie pre 2 hours and tended to be stable from 2 hours to 6 hours. [Conclusion] 10 % sucrose +20 mg/L or 40 mg/L H3BO3 +20 mg/L CaCl2 was the optimum medium for the germination of Nymphaea ‘Paul Stetson’ pollen, and the optimum microscopic examination time is 4 hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 The present paper aimed to explore the physiological and biochemical response of Nymphaea minuta to low light environment, and to provide theoretical basis for seedling breeding and potted flower production management of micro-tropical water lily represented by N.minuta. 【Method】 A completely random experimental design was conducted. The shading treatments were set to 0(total illumination control, CK), 30% (light shading), 50% (medium shading), 70% (heavy shading) respectively by constructing shading nets with different layers. The number of leaves, leaf dry weight, leaf area and other growth indicators were measured by shading treatment for 120 days. The content and composition of photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugar, soluble protein and starch contents were measured by shading treatment for 30, 60, 90 and 120 days respectively. The effects of different shading conditions on leaf growth, photosynthetic pigment content and primary metabolites content of N.minuta were analyzed. 【Result】 During the shading period of 30-120 days, there were no significant differences between the average leaf area, photosynthetic pigment content, and soluble protein content of N.minuta treated with shading rate of 30%, 50% and CK (P＞0.05). After shading treatment for 120 days, the leaf number, average leaf dry weight, specific leaf weight, soluble sugar content, soluble protein content and starch content of N.minuta decreased with increasing shading rate, while total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a content, chlorophyll b content, chlorophyll a/b content and carotenoid content all increased with increasing shading rate. Comparing with CK, the shading rate of 70% at 120 days treatments, the leaf number, average leaf dry weight and specific leaf weight of N.minuta were significantly decreased by 52.9%, 81.3% and 57.8%, respectively (P＜0.05, the same as below), total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a content, chlorophyll b content and carotenoid content were significantly increased by 108.7%, 81.6%, 237.5% and 88.2% respectively, chlorophyll a/b content was significantly decreased by 39.1%, soluble sugar content, soluble protein content and starch content were significantly decreased by 43.4%, 56.2% and 53.2% respectively. The results of correlation analysis showed that the leaf number and average leaf dry weight were extremely positively correlated with soluble protein content (P＜0.01, the same as below), and the average leaf dry weight was negatively correlated with total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a content, chlorophyll b content and carotenoid content. 【Conclusion】 N.minuta grew well in light and medium shading environments with shading rates of 30% and 50%, showing good light adaptive response and regulation ability. These two shading methods can be used for reference in the breeding of micro-tropical waterlily seedlings and potted flower production management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The 30 phenotypic traits of 49 introduced waterlily resources at home and abroad were analyzed in order to provide a reference for the development and utilization of waterlily resources. [Method] The cluster analysis of 49 waterlily resources from different sources was carried out and based on the principal component analysis of phenotypic traits, a comprehensive evaluation was carried. [Result] The results showed that there were abundant variations in phenotypic traiLs of 49 introduced waterlily resources. The genetic diversity index of 16 quantitative traiLs ranged from 1.1859 to 1.9943. The genetic diversity index of flower diameter (1.9943 ), sepal width (1.9715 ), pedicel length (1.9714) was higher, and petal number (1.1859) was the lowest. Among the 14 quality traits, flower color (1.9750) ,flower fragrance (1.0907 ), leaf spot number (1.0324 ) had higher genetic diversity index, while leaf type (0.4101 ) had the lowest genetic diversity index. In terms of coefficient of variation, the range of 16 quantitative traits was 15.67% -89.52% . The correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation(P <0.01 ) between flower diameter (DF) and petal length (I.P), flower diameter (DF) and sepal length (LS), petal length (LP) and sepal length (LS), leaf length (LL) and leaf width (WL), leaf length (LL) and leaf fissure depth (DD), leaf width (WL) and leaf fissure depth (DD), and the correlation coefficients were 0.936,0.976, 0.959, 0.974, 0.959 and 0.944, respectively. Cluster analysis showed that 49 waterlily resources were divided into six groups. The first group were tropical medium-sized and laige waterlily cultivars. The second group were tropical full-valved wateiiily cultivars with petaled stamens. The third group were cold-tolerant medium-sized and large wateriily cultivars. The fourth group were tropical medium-sized and small waterlily cultivars. The fifth group were large tropical wateriily cultivars, while the sixth group were giant tropical wateriily (tropical Australian waterlily) cultivars. Principal component analysis showed that the eigenvalues of the first seven principal components were greater than 1, and the cumulative contribution rate was 81.86%. [Conclusion] Among the 49 tested materials, Nymphaea * Hybrida’ had the highest comprehensive score, followed by Nymphaea 1 Eidorado’, and the Nymphaea stellate had the lowest comprehensive score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]