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随着网络传输数据流量的爆炸性增长,传统电交换由于其有限的带宽和高功耗将很难满足网络带宽发展需求。光交换能直接在光域上完成光信道间信息的交换,具有高速、宽带、透明、低功耗以及潜在的低成本等诸多优点,能满足下一代全光交换网络、数据中心和高性能计算机光互连网络建设的迫切需求。文章介绍了集成光开关的发展现状及核心技术,包括采用氧化硅、III-V族半导体材料和硅材料来制作光开关的进展以及各种技术的特点。其中硅基集成光开关具有结构紧凑、功耗小、成本低以及与互补型金属-氧化物-半导体（CMOS）工艺兼容的优势,适合大规模光开关制作和量产,具有潜在的巨大市场商用价值。文章重点介绍了实现硅基光开关的核心单元器件以及几种代表性光开关阵列,并对光开关状态监控和调节以及光电封装做了阐述。

文章提出了一种基于多级级联延迟干涉结构的可重构光学滤波器,可实现滤波带宽的调节。该级联干涉结构可重构为两类滤波器:一类为单次延迟干涉器,通过增加延迟量可实现滤波周期和带宽的调节;另一类是多次延迟干涉器,通过改变级联级数和光开关的分光比可实现固定滤波周期的带宽调节。采用传输矩阵方法建立了该延迟干涉滤波器的理论模型并进行了模拟仿真。二次和三次延迟干涉器测试结果表明,阻带滤波带宽变化大于1/3个滤波周期。

Previous experimental studies show that geotextile reinforcement can effectively mitigate the liquefaction of saturated sand under earthquake. In view of the research on liquefaction resistance of saturated sand, the previous research methods were often limited to indoor dynamic triaxial tests and lacked the research on liquefaction resistance of geotextile reinforced sand ground. Firstly, the parameter calibration of different geotextile reinforced sand was carried out combined with the results of corresponding cyclic triaxial test of liquefaction resistance. On this basis, using OpenSees, an open-source finite element numerical simulation platform, numerical research on liquefaction resistance of saturated sand ground under different geotextile reinforcement cases was carried out. The results show that geotextile reinforcement can reduce the excess pore pressure and displacement of sand ground, and the liquefaction resistance of sand ground increases with the increase of geotextile layers. This technique of realizing numerical modeling of geotextile reinforced sand by parameter calibration method can provide some valuable reference for numerical simulation of similar reinforced soil stratum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: To explore the relationship between serum Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1), stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) and disease severity in patients with multiple myeloma bone disease (MBD). Methods: A total of 62 patients with MBD and 50 healthy controls were enrolled as study group and control group between January 2022 and December 2023. The diagnostic value of serum DKK-1 and SDF-1α in MBD and their relationship with disease occurrence were analyzed. According to MBD grading standard in imaging examination, patients were divided into mild group (grade 1-2) and severe group (grade 3-4), and levels of serum DKK-1 and SDF-1αin the two groups were compared. The evaluation value of DKK-1 and SDF-1α for disease severity was analyzed. Results: The levels of serum DKK-1 and SDF-1α in study group were higher than those in control group (P＜0.05). AUC values of serum DKK-1 and SDF-1αin the diagnosis of MBD were 0.771 and 0.717, respectively. The levels of serum DKK-1 and SDF-1α in severe group were higher than those in mild group (P＜0.05). AUC values of serum DKK-1 and SDF-1α for evaluating the severity of MBD were 0.721 and 0.668, respectively. Conclusion: The levels of serum DKK-1 and SDF-1α are abnormally increased in patients with MBD. Combined detection of the two indexes is valuable in the diagnosis and severity evaluation of MBD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis is the property of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Highlights This study explores the experiences of project-based learning (PBL) experimentation in Chinese high schools, especially the feedback that Chinese students have for better practicing PBL in China. We conducted a case study at two Chinese high schools in an intermediate city, Suzhou, which started their first PBL practice. The two high schools were chosen because of their unique initiative to mix visually impaired students (VIS) and ordinary students in a PBL course, which focuses on “designing accessible garbage bins for VIS.” Interviews and observations were conducted. All data are anonymized. After two rounds of thematic sorting and coding of the qualitative data, we found that the PBL course helped students develop two aspects of the civic participation dimension of core competence: social responsibility and problem-solving. Students learned to empathize with VIS to understand their needs and to build a more feasible and usable garbage bin. This study provides instructional recommendations in terms of how to better utilize the pedagogy of PBL in Chinese K-12 schools, particularly to support teachers to facilitate students' development of core competence and learning of inclusion, social responsibility, and sustainability by using the PBL technique.

BACKGROUND: It was found that the ligands and receptors of Notch are both cell membrane surface proteins, which are important proteins to mediate intercellular communication, and the Notch signaling pathway plays a crucial regulatory role in the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. OBJECTIVE: To review the regulatory mechanism of the Notch signaling pathway on the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, summarize and clarify the research advance in how the Notch signaling pathway regulates the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, and provide theoretical support for the future use of stem cells to treat various related diseases. METHODS: By using the computer, the first author searched the relevant studies involving Notch signaling pathway regulation of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and differentiation on CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science, and Nature databases with Chinese search terms “mesenchymal stem cells, Notch, Notch signaling pathway, proliferation, differentiation” and the English search terms “mesenchymal stem cells, MSC, Notch, Notch signaling pathway, proliferation, differentiation”. Part of the literature was searched in combination with the literature tracing method. Finally, 87 articles were included in the review analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Notch signaling pathway is a conserved signaling pathway in multicellular organisms, which plays an important role in regulating cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and the cell cycle by mediating communication between neighboring cells through receptor-ligand binding. (2) Mesenchymal stem cells are a class of adult stem cells with self-proliferative and multi-directional differentiation potential, which can be regulated by external signaling pathways to affect their proliferation and differentiation. Notch signaling pathway, as one of them, when Notch ligands are activated, the Notch proteins will undergo two protein hydrolysis cleavages to release Notch intracellular structural domain NICD, which then enters the nucleus and thus promotes the transcription of target genes to regulate the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells from different sources, such as bone marrow, adipose, and umbilical cord. However, the specific mechanisms that regulate the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells from different tissue sources of the same species are different. (3) The Notch signaling pathway can regulate the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into different target cells, but due to different target cells, the expression levels of receptors or ligands in the Notch signaling pathway vary. (4) Clinical targeting of the Notch signaling pathway to promote mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of various refractory diseases, such as aplastic anemia, severe joint injuries, ischemic strokes, and myocardial infarctions, has a promising application. (5) By exploring the Notch signaling pathway via regulating the expression levels of its receptors and ligands in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from rat, mouse, and human, it can be found that the Notch signaling pathway expression levels in the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells from different species origins are also different. (6) The role of mesenchymal stem cells in tissue engineering has been gradually highlighted due to their advantages of safety, low immune rejection, and wide therapeutic prospects. The Notch signaling pathway regulates the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells with a wide range of influencing factors, and subsequent studies should further optimize the influencing factor variables and explore the standardized studies of regulating the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Liver transplantation is the optimal treatment for end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma, which can significantly improve clinical prognosis and quality of life of patients. However, multiple challenges, such as rejection, immune tolerance, shortage of donor liver, preservation of donor liver, ischemia-reperfusion injury and postoperative complications, etc., limit the efficacy of liver transplantation in clinical practice. Research teams in China have made significant contributions to the basic research related to liver transplantation by making continuous efforts and combining the development of emerging technologies, interdisciplinary integration and other emerging fields. In this article, the frontier progress in the basic research of liver transplantation in 2023 was reviewed, highlighting the progress made by Chinese research teams in the basic research of liver transplantation, aiming to provide reference for promoting the integration of Chinese characteristics into the research of liver transplantation, accelerate the integration of Chinese liver transplantation research with international community, and promote further advancement of liver transplantation in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the relationship between Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and sarcopenia in older adults and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. Methods From January 2022 to January 2023, 253 older adults over 60 years old were recruited in Chengdu. DII were calculated according to the semi - quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and the groups were divided into QI - Q4 according to the DII from low to high, sarcopenia was diagnosed according to Asian Working Group for sarcopenia 2019. The relationship between DII and sarcopenia was estimated by logistic regression analysis. Results After controlling confounding factors, compared with the QI group, the risk of sarcopenia in the Q3 group and Q4 group was 3. 94 times and 7. 02 times higher than that in the QI group (P < 0. 05), and the risk of sarcopenia increases in older adults with higher DIE Conclusion Higher DII increases the risk of sarcopenia, and it is recommended to provide dietary guidance for older adults to reduce the risk of sarcopenia affected by DIE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

目的　探讨妊娠期高血压疾病 (HDP) 患者血清纤蛋白-3 (Fibulin-3), 白细胞介素-10 (IL-10) 水平变化及 意义。方法　选取 HDP患者 125例为 HDP组, 根据病情程度分为妊娠期高血压 (GH) 组 54例, 子痫前期 (PE) 组 40 例, 重度子痫前期 (SPE) 组 31例, 根据妊娠结局将 HDP患者分为结局不良亚组 35例和结局良好亚组 90例, 另选取 常规产检的62名健康孕妇为对照组。通过酶联免疫吸附法检测血清Fibulin-3, IL-10水平。采用多因素Logistic回 归模型分析影响HDP患者不良妊娠结局的因素, 受试者工作特征 (ROC) 曲线分析血清Fibulin-3, IL-10水平对HDP 患者不良妊娠结局的预测价值。结果　与对照组比较, HDP组血清Fibulin-3, IL-10水平降低 (P均<0. 05) 。GH组, PE 组, SPE组血清Fibulin-3, IL-10水平依次降低 (P均<0. 05) 。多因素Logistic回归分析显示, PE, SPE水平降低为HDP患 者不良妊娠结局的独立危险因素, 血清Fibulin-3, IL-10升高为独立保护因素 (P均<0. 05) 。ROC曲线分析显示, 血清 Fibulin-3, IL-10水平联合预测HDP患者不良妊娠结局的曲线下面积为0. 909, 大于血清Fibulin-3, IL-10水平单独预 测的0. 813, 0. 809 (P均<0. 05) 。结论 HDP患者血清Fibulin-3, IL-10水平降低, 与病情加重和妊娠结局不良有关, 血 清Fibulin-3, IL-10联合检测对HDP患者不良妊娠结局的预测价值较高。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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[Objective]Lichenysin, as a kind of lipopeptide substance, can promote the formation of Baijiu flavor. To study the properties and functions of thioesterase module LchAD protein in lichenysin synthase, Bacillus strains were isolated from Daqu using traditional separation and purification methods.[Method]The fermentation products were detected by primary and secondary mass spectrometry, and the species relationship of strains was analyzed by morphological, physiological and biochemical experiments and phylogenetic tree construction. LchAD gene was cloned using genomic DNA of a selected strain as template, and LchAD protein was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by nickel column. Bioinformatics analysis was performed with online software to explore the properties and functions of LchAD protein.[Result]The strain YC7 isolated from Daqu was Bacillus licheniformis, and its fermentation products contained the homologue of lichenysin A(D or G), indicating that strain YC7 was a lichenysin producing bacterium. The study on the soluble expression of LchAD protein showed that LchAD protein was induced to form soluble protein at the temperature of 20℃ and the final concentration of IPTG was 100 μg/mL, with a molecular weight of 27.62 kD. The results of nickel column purification showed that the relatively pure LchAD protein was obtained when the imidazole concentration was 250 mmol/L. The results of bioinformatics analysis showed that LchAD protein was a stable hydrophilic protein without signal peptide, with a theoretical isoelectric point(pI)of 7.23 and a conserved GrsT domain. The secondary structure of LchAD protein consisted of 43.5% α-helix, 13.82% β-folding and 5.69% β-turn, and its tertiary structure had a high similarity with the thioesterase module of surfactant synthetase. [Conclusion]The isolated B. licheniformis strain YC7 can produce lichenysin, and the protein encoded by the LchAD gene of this strain is a hydrophilic protein of 27.62 kD. Soluble LchAD protein can be obtained by heterologous expression, which may be functionally similar to the thioesterase module of surfactant synthetase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The oblique detonation engine (ODE) utilizes standing oblique detonation wave (ODW) to efficiently convert the chemical energy of fuel into mechanical energy in hypersonic flow, greatly improving the upper limit of the air-breathing flight regime, which holds significant development potential and practical value. This paper provides an overview of the development of ODE in the early, middle, and recent stages. Then, the current research status on oblique detonation combustion and engines are summarized. Furthermore, the progress made worldwide in three areas, oblique detonation combustion organization, fuel injection mixing, and overall performance with internal flow design, are reviewed from the perspective of engine design. Finally, the technique challenges and future key focus directions in five aspects, including integrated design of internal and external flow under overall constraints, fuel injection and mixing in hypersonic flow, stable combustion organization under complex inflow conditions, high thermal load protection, and experimental conditions under ultra-high speed conditions are analyzed, aiming to provide reference for future in-depth technological breakthroughs and applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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