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血管神经眼科疾病泛指因血管功能障碍导致的神经眼科疾病，涵盖所有因血管因素导致的视功能障碍、眼球运动及瞳孔异常，是神经眼科学与血管神经病学的交叉领域。此类疾病患者多首诊于眼科或急诊，临床表现具有血管病（卒中）急、危、重的特点，由于是交叉学科，诊疗常迟滞和延误。提高对血管神经眼科疾病新概念的认识，聚焦这一交叉领域的新诊疗方法和策略，通过专科建设和学科协作，提升早期识别和精准诊疗能力，有助于最大限度地改善患者的临床预后。 Abstract: Vascular neuro-ophthalmic diseases refer to neuro-ophthalmic diseases caused by vascular dysfunction. They encompass visual impairments, abnormal eye movement, and pupillary abnormalities resulting from vascular factors. It is an interdisciplinary field merging neuro-ophthalmology and vascular neurology. Most patients with this kind of disease are first diagnosed in department of ophthalmology or emergency, and the clinical manifestations of vascular neuro-ophthalmic diseases exhibit characteristics of being acute, critical, and severe, similar to vascular diseases such as stroke. Due to the nature of this interdisciplinary field, the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases can be delayed or neglected. Enhancing awareness of new concepts in vascular neuro-ophthalmology diseases, focusing on novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in this intersecting field, and improving early recognition and accurate diagnosis and treatment capabilities through specialized development and interdisciplinary collaboration can significantly enhance clinical prognosis for patients.

视网膜中央动脉阻塞是血管神经眼科急症，表现为急性无痛性单眼视力丧失，是中老年致盲的主要病因之一。目前关于视网膜中央动脉阻塞的具体发病机制和病理生理机制尚不明确，选择合适的动物模型进行视网膜中央动脉阻塞发病机制的研究和治疗药物的筛选尤为重要。本文对视网膜中央动脉阻塞动物模型的造模方法和研究进展加以综述，以期为视网膜中央动脉阻塞的精准诊疗提供依据。 Abstract: Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is a vascular neuro-ophthalmic emergency, characterized by acute painless monocular vision loss, which is one of the main causes of blindness in middle-aged and elderly people. Currently, the pathogenesis and pathophysiological mechanism of CRAO is unclear, making the selection of appropriate animal models particularly important for the research on CRAO pathogenesis and the screening of therapeutic drugs. This paper mainly reviews the modeling methods and research progress of CRAO animal models, aiming to provide a reference basis for accurate diagnosis and treatment of CRAO.

神经眼科急症是指如果不能及时诊断和治疗，就会严重威胁患者视力甚至危及生命的神经眼科临床疾病谱，其中血管性原因所致的神经眼科急症（血管神经眼科急症）占绝大部分。由于交叉学科的特点，血管神经眼科急症患者多首诊于眼科或急诊，首诊医师往往对疾病认识不全面，易导致该类患者诊断滞后、误诊或漏诊；当患者转诊于神经科时，神经科医师如果对疾病的诊断不能及时确定，易导致治疗延迟。本文对血管神经眼科急症疾病谱主要疾病的临床表现、检查方法和治疗方法等方面进行综述，以期为该类疾病的快速诊断和精准治疗提供依据。 Abstract: Neuro-ophthalmic emergency refers to the spectrum of neuro-ophthalmic clinical diseases that can seriously threaten patients’ vision or even endanger their lives if they are not diagnosed and treated in time, among which the neuro-ophthalmic emergency caused by vascular causes (vascular neuro-ophthalmic emergency) accounts for the vast majority. Due to the characteristics of interdisciplinary, patients with vascular neuro-ophthalmic emergency are often first referred to the department of ophthalmology or emergency, and the first doctors often have incomplete understanding of the disease, which is easy to lead to delayed diagnosis, misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis of such patients. When patients are referred to the department of neurology, if the neurologist’s diagnosis of the disease cannot be determined in time, it is easy to delay treatment. In this paper, the clinical manifestations, the examination methods and the treatment methods of the major diseases in the spectrum of vascular neuro-ophthalmic emergency were reviewed in order to provide the basis for the rapid diagnosis and accurate treatment of these diseases.

目的 探讨动脉内溶栓（intra-arterial thrombolysis，IAT）治疗视网膜中央动脉阻塞（central retinal artery occlusion，CRAO）患者的临床特征及功能性视觉恢复情况。 方法 纳入2018年1月—2023年8月西北大学附属第一医院神经内科和神经眼科连续收治的非动脉炎性CRAO患者，根据入院后是否进行IAT治疗分为IAT组和非IAT组。功能性视觉定义为 视力≥20/100。比较分析两组患者的临床特征和不同时间段（入院、出院时和出院1个月时）功能性视觉恢复情况。 结果 共纳入131例（131只眼）非动脉炎性CRAO患者，男性93例（71.0%），平均年龄为（61.6±12.6）岁， 其中IAT组57例（43.5%），非IAT组74例（56.5%）。与非IAT组患者相比，IAT组患者年龄更低[（58.4±12.5）岁 vs.（64.1±12.2）岁，P=0.011]、合并卒中病史者比例更低[10（17.5%）vs. 25（33.8%）， P=0.037]、发病至就诊时间更短[10.0（6.0～24.0）h vs. 55.0（20.2～162.0）h，P＜0.001]、醒后发病者比例更高[26（45.6%）vs. 15（20.3%），P=0.002]和患侧颈内动脉血管状态更佳（无狭窄∶轻度狭窄∶中-重度狭窄∶闭塞=41∶7∶7∶2 vs. 32∶11∶21∶10，P=0.006）。IAT组患者出院1个月时功能性视觉比例较非IAT组患者更高[25（43.9%）vs. 18（24.3%），P=0.018]，而入院和出院时差异无统计学意义 （P＞0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析显示，IAT组患者出院1个月时的功能性视觉较非IAT组患者显著改善（OR 3.24，95%CI 1.08～9.69，P=0.036）。IAT组患者术中发生眼动脉痉挛2例（3.5%）、穿刺部位皮肤出血2例（3.5%）和新发脑栓塞（均为无症状性栓塞）事件4例（7.0%）。 结论 是否进行IAT治疗的CRAO患者部分临床特征存在差异，IAT治疗可显著提高CRAO患者出院1个月时的功能性视觉，且手术安全性较好。提示临床医师需重视CRAO患者的IAT治疗，以期改善患者的视觉功能。 Abstract: Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and functional visual recovery of patients with central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) treated with intra-arterial thrombolysis (IAT). Methods The non-arteriotic CRAO patients admitted to the Department of Neurology and Neuro-ophthalmology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University from January 2018 to August 2023 were included. They were divided into IAT group and non-IAT group according to whether IAT was performed after admission. Functional vision is defined as visual acuity≥20/100. The clinical features and functional visual recovery at different time periods (admission, discharge and 1 month after discharge) were compared and analyzed between the two groups. Results A total of 131 patients (131 eyes) with non-arteriotic CRAO were included, including 93 males (71.0%) with a mean age of (61.6±12.6) years. There were 57 patients (43.5%) in IAT group and 74 patients (56.5%) in non-IAT group. Compared with patients in non-IAT group, patients in IAT group had younger age [(58.4±12.5) years vs. (64.1±12.2) years, P=0.011], lower proportion of stroke history [10 (17.5%) vs. 25 (33.8%), P=0.037], shorter time from onset to visit [10.0 (6.0-24.0) h vs. 55.0 (20.2-162.0) h, P0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the functional vision of CRAO patients in the IAT group at 1 month after discharge was significantly improved compared with those in the non-IAT group (OR 3.24, 95%CI 1.08-9.69, P=0.036). In the IAT group, ophthalmic artery spasm occurred in 2 cases (3.5%), skin bleeding at the puncture site in 2 cases (3.5%), and new cerebral embolism (all asymptomatic embolism) occurred in 4 cases (7.0%). Conclusions Some clinical features of CRAO patients who were treated with or without IAT were different. IAT can significantly improve the functional vision of CRAO patients at 1 month after discharge, and the surgical safety is good. This suggests that clinicians should pay more attention to IAT in CRAO patients in order to improve their visual function.

视网膜动脉阻塞是临床上导致急性无痛性单眼视力丧失的主要疾病，由于发病机制和危险因素与缺血性卒中相似，被视为“视网膜卒中”。但作为一种特殊类型的卒中，“视网膜卒中”的临床管理仍存在较高的不确定性和争议。本文对“视网膜卒中”的定义演变、就诊科室、识别和评估、检查、治疗和二级预防等方面进行综述，以期为临床医师全面认识和系统规范诊治“视网膜卒中”提供依据。 Abstract: Retinal artery occlusion is the main cause of acute painless monocular vision loss, and its pathogenesis and risk factors are similar to ischemic stroke, so it is named as “retinal stroke”. However, as a special type of stroke, the clinical management of “retinal stroke” is still highly uncertain and controversial. This article reviewed the literatures on “retinal stroke”, and introduced the definition, department for medical treatment, recognition and evaluation, examination, treatment and secondary prevention of “retinal stroke”, in order to help clinicians better understand and standardize the diagnosis and treatment of retinal stroke.

目的探讨胎儿肠扭转的产前超声特征及临床预后。方法回顾性分析2017年6月至2021年3月在广东省妇幼保健院超声科进行产前超声检查、超声提示肠扭转或产后证实肠扭转的17例胎儿的超声表现及临床资料，以肠管扩张合并漩涡征或血管螺旋征为诊断肠扭转的标准，并随访胎儿出生后手术病理或引产后尸体解剖结果，追踪其临床预后。结果17例孕妇年龄介于24~40岁，中位数29（26~33）岁；初次诊断肠扭转的孕周介于24~33周，中位数26（24~31）周。17例胎儿在妊娠过程中均出现肠管扩张，16例存在漩涡征，13例存在血管螺旋征，2例存在咖啡豆征。10例胎儿出生，7例引产（含2例胎死宫内者）。出生后9例接受手术证实肠扭转（其中7例伴有肠坏死），1例自愈无需治疗。2例引产儿尸体解剖证实肠扭转，另外5例引产后未进行尸体解剖。接受手术的患儿7例术后恢复良好，2例因肠管坏死严重术后短期内死亡。经手术或尸体解剖证实存在肠扭转的11例胎儿，在25次系统性产前超声检查中超声征象阳性率为：肠管扩张（22/25）、漩涡征（20/25）、血管螺旋征（15/25）、咖啡豆征（2/25）、腹腔积液（6/25）、腹部囊性包块（1/25）、羊水过多（6/25）；手术或病理证实肠扭转坏死的7例胎儿，全部具有提示肠坏死或穿孔的相关的超声征象：腹水（5/7）、肠管结构模糊（1/7）、肠管血流信号减弱或消失（2/7）、肠管扩张程度减轻（1/7）、咖啡豆征（2/7）。结论胎儿先天性肠扭转有其特征性的声像图表现，产前超声对其诊断和监测具有重要应用价值，可为产前咨询及临床处理提供重要依据。

In offshore and marine environments, steel reinforcement is very susceptible to corrosion. Corrosion has a very unfavorable effect on the bonding performance between reinforced concrete and the durability of reinforced concrete structures, which is a great concern in the current project. In order to improve the stress concentration in concrete at steel nodes caused by zero thickness springs, Spring2 nonlinear spring model of ABAQUS was adopted to simulate bond-slip behavior between non-uniform corroded reinforcement and concrete. Based on the collected test results of 32 specimens with different stirrup spacing, the influence coefficients of bond stress under stirrup corrosion was obtained. With the combination of non-uniform corroded rebar distribution model, the refined numerical simulation of the pull-out process of reinforced concrete specimens was carried out based on ABAQUS. The results show that the Spring2 nonlinear spring model is better than the zero thickness spring model both in the computational accuracy and efficiency. The stirrup correction coefficient is approximately linear with the stirrup spacing. The bond-slip relationship considering the effect of stirrup spacing, has a better consistency with the relevant test results in the pull-out test. Weibull distribution for the non-uniform corrosion of reinforcement is more reasonable than Gumbel distribution. Non-uniform corrosion specimens have a certain degree of fluctuation in the stress distribution of the reinforcement and the stress value is reduced. The stirrup corrosion will have a more serious impact on the restraining effect of the stirrup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The foundation of transmission iron tower may produce vertical and horizontal displacement during geological disasters. People have paid more attention to the influence of vertical displacement of tower foundation on the internal forces of components in tower, the horizontal displacement also has a significant impact on internal forces of tower components. Hence, it's important to study the relationship between horizontal displacement of tower foundations and tower safety. In order to derive the equation for the relationship between the horizontal displacement and internal force of tower main material by energy method and stiffness equivalence method of beam and rod. The proportional relation of bending moments sustained by four tower legs under the action of horizontal displacement of single leg is given. The maximum bending moment of main material at the first cross-grid surface is deduced. The maximum axial force expression of each leg of tower main material under the action of horizontal displacement of single leg is given by simplified model. The expression of the maximum axial force is modified through FEM. The upper external loads of transmission tower generated axial forces in main materials, but the horizontal displacement of the foundation mainly generated bending moments of main materials. In this paper, the expression of the internal forces of main materials and displacement of tower leg can be used as the basis for the safety assessment of tower after the horizontal displacement of transmission tower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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【摘要】 目的 探讨西安地区伴心房颤动老年急性缺血性卒中（acute ischemic stroke，AIS）患者临床特征及1 年预后情况。 方法 通过西安卒中数据库平台，收集西安市4所三级甲等医院2015年1-12月连续入院的老年AIS （年龄≥65岁）患者的临床资料，比较分析伴心房颤动老年AIS患者的临床特征；登记随访1年的结局 事件（包括卒中复发、死亡和预后不良），通过多因素Logistic回归分析，探讨西安地区伴心房颤动老 年AIS患者1年不良预后的独立危险因素。 结果 研究最终纳入老年AIS患者1239例，其中伴心房颤动者133例（10.7%）。与不伴心房颤动组相比， 伴心房颤动老年AIS患者的年龄大[（77.7±6.3）岁 vs（74.0±6.1）岁，P=0.019]、出院mRS评分高（2.0 分 vs 1.0分，P0.05）。 结论 相比不伴心房颤动组，西安地区伴心房颤动老年AIS患者年龄更大、卒中所致残障及神经功 能缺损更重、合并肺炎和入院48 h不能行走的患者比例较高；伴心房颤动老年AIS患者1年死亡风险显 著升高。 【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and 1-year prognosis of elderly acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) in Xi'an area. Methods Clinical data of elderly patients with AIS (≥65 years) who were consecutively admitted to four tertiary-grade A class hospitals from January 2015 to December 2015 in Xi'an Stroke Data Bank were collected. The clinical characteristics of elderly AIS patients with and without AF were compared, and the outcome events of 1 year follow-up (including stroke recurrence, death and poor prognosis) were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to find the independent risk factors for poor prognosis of 1 year in elderly AIS patients with AF in Xi'an area.Results Total 1239 elderly AIS patients were enrolled in this study, including 133 (10.7%) patients with AF. Comparing with the non-AF group, the elderly AIS patients in AF group showed older [(77.7±6.3) years vs (74.0±6.1) years, P=0.019], higher mRS score at discharge (median 2.0 vs 1.0, P0.05). Conclusions Comparing with the elderly AIS patients without AF, the elderly AIS patients with AF in Xi'an area were older, had more severe stroke, higher rate of pneumonia and higher rate of losing the ability to walk within 48h at admission, and higher risk of death at 1 year.

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