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Copyright of Rigakuryoho Kagaku is the property of International Press Editing Center Incorporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electric Power is the property of Electric Power Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Guangdong Architecture Civil Engineering is the property of Guangdong Architecture Civil Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of South Architecture / Nanfang Jianzhu is the property of South Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rigakuryoho Kagaku is the property of International Press Editing Center Incorporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nitrogen (N) and magnesium (Mg) elements play important role in the growth of cucumber plants, N and Mg deficiencies in cucumber plants drastically affects the quality and most importantly yield of agricultural products. In the published papers, chlorophyll content was used as an indicator for diagnosing N deficiency and Mg deficiency. However, leaf with low chlorophyll content appears both in N deficient and Mg deficient plans, which makes it is difficult to simultaneously detect N and Mg deficiencies using chlorophyll content. In this study, new indicators based on chlorophyll distribution features of the whole cucumber leaves were proposed for diagnostics of N and Mg deficiencies. N deficient, Mg deficient and control cucumber plants were cultured in a greenhouse with special nutrient supply. The content of N and Mg nutrient elements in N deficient, Mg deficient and control leaves were determined to test the nutrient status of cucumber plants in N deficient, Mg deficient and Control groups. 100 fresh cucumber leaves were collected and used as samples for detecting a chlorophyll distribution map. Firstly, hyperspectral images of cucumber leaves in the calibration set were collected and chlorophyll content of the cucumber leaves was determined using high performance liquid chromatography technology. Chlorophyll content calibration models were built using the hyperspectral images and chlorophyll content. Secondly, the hyperspectral images and chlorophyll content of cucumber samples in testing set were used to test the chlorophyll content calibration models, and the chlorophyll content calibration model with the best performance was selected as the optimal calibration model. The chlorophyll content distribution maps of N deficient, Mg deficient and control cucumber leaves were measured using the optimal chlorophyll content calibration model. After hyperspectral image collecting, hyperspectral image data of N deficient, Mg deficient and control leaves were obtained. Then, the spectral data of every pixel in the hyperspectral images was extracted and substituted in the optimal chlorophyll content calibration model to calculate the chlorophyll content at each pixel. The chlorophyll content of all pixels were displayed in two dimension spastically, then the chlorophyll content distribution maps of N deficient, Mg deficient and control leaves were obtained. The chlorophyll content distribution maps of 25 N deficient cucumber leaves, 25 Mg deficient cucumber leaves and 25 control cucumber leaves were determined. Compared with the distribution map of chlorophyll content in the control leaves, N deficiency led to the decrease of chlorophyll content in the whole leaf, and Mg deficiency led to the decrease of chlorophyll content in the area between the main veins. According to these results, two chlorophyll distribution features, the average and standard deviation of chlorophyll content at every pixels in a chlorophyll distribution map, were extracted for diagnosing N deficiency and Mg deficiency. Result showed that an average of chlorophyll content (11.5 mg/g) could be used as a threshold value to diagnose N deficiency, and the diagnostic rates for the calibration set and prediction set were 100% and 90%, respectively. A standard deviation of chlorophyll content (2.20 mg/g) could be used as a threshold value to diagnose Mg deficiency, and the diagnostic rates for the calibration set and prediction set were 93.3% and 90%, respectively. The result indicated that the extracted features could reflect the characteristic of N and Mg deficient cucumber leaves and could be employed to diagnose N and Mg deficiency nondestructively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rigakuryoho Kagaku is the property of International Press Editing Center Incorporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rigakuryoho Kagaku is the property of International Press Editing Center Incorporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This stiady aimed to know the resistance to powdery mildew of major Pm genes used in China，and Chinese wheat commercial cultivars ，as well as foreign wheat materials. Field monitoring of 6 Pm genes，46 Chinese wheat cultivars and 66 foreign wheat materials in Li- cang，Dehong，Dali，Yuxi，Kunming and Zhaotong，Yunnan province had been carried out by natural identification during 2012 and 2013. The results indicated that the resistance of the 6 Pm genes had been lost gradually，decrease of the area of wheat carrying Pm8 and Pm21 is urgent. Pm2，Pm4a，Pm4b and Pm2 +6 should be used rationaiy. The resistance level of Chinese wheat commercial cultivar is very low. Among 46 cultivars，none of which showed resistant at 6 sites during the two years in Yunnan，6 cultivars showed susceptible only at one site，18 cultivars showed susceptible at 2 sites，22 cultivarr showed susceptible at 3 sites. Among 66 foreign wheat materials，only Hybrid 46 and Heines Kolben showed resistant at 6 sites during the 2 yearr in Yunnan，which indicated stable resistant. Seven materials showed susceptible only at 1 site，29 materials showed susceptible at 2 sites，28 materials showed susceptible at 3 sites. Those results indicated the lack of resistance sources and cultivars in China at present. Looking for new resistance sources and breeding new resistance cultivars are very urgent. The pressing matter of the moment is strengthening monitoring and emergency control， to ensure wheat security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)