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Objective To compare the efficacy of unilateral biportal endoscopy (UBE) and microendoscopy (MED) in performing laminotomy for decompression in single-level lumbar spinal stenosis. Methods A comparative analysis was conducted on 86 patients with single-level lumbar spinal stenosis who underwent surgery, with 45 cases in the UBE group and 41 cases in the MED group. Surgical time and postoperative bed rest duration were recorded. Pain visual analog scale (VAS) scores were assessed preoperatively, on the third day postoperatively, one week postoperatively, and at the final follow-up. The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) was evaluated preoperatively and at the final follow-up. Surgical outcomes were assessed using the modified Macnab criteria at the final follow-up. Results All 86 patients successfully underwent surgery and were followed up for 12 to 33 months. The UBE group had a longer surgical time (P＜0.05) and shorter postoperative bed rest duration (P＜0.05) compared to the MED group. Both groups showed significant improvement in postoperative VAS scores and ODI compared to preoperative values (P＜0.05), with no significant differences between the two groups at different time points (P＞0.05). According to the modified Macnab criteria, the excellent and good rate was 91.11% in the UBE group and 90.24% in the MED group, with no statistically significant difference (P＞0.05). In the UBE group, there was one case of intraoperative dural tear and one case of postoperative nerve root traction-induced numbness and weakness, both of which resolved with symptomatic treatment. In the MED group, there were no intraoperative dural tears, but two cases of postoperative nerve root traction-induced numbness and weakness, both of which resolved with symptomatic treatment. Conclusion UBE and MED techniques have similar clinical efficacy in treating single-level lumbar spinal stenosis. UBE is associated with longer surgical time but shorter postoperative bed rest duration compared to MED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The long-term survival rate of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is poor, and drug efficacy is an important factor affecting clinical prognosis. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is the most abundant modification in eukaryotic RNA, which can affect the occurrence and development of HCC and drug efficacy by regulating cancer-related biological functions. However, the role of m6A modification in HCC drug treatment has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, the biological functions of different regulatory members of the m6A modification process (methyltransferase, demethyltransferase and binding protein) in HCC drug treatment were illustrated, proposing that regulatory members of the m6A modification process can be used as biomarkers for HCC prognosis evaluation and have the potential to become therapeutic targets and providing novel insights for HCC precision medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The study aimed to clarify the extremely small population wild plant Hopea chinensis (Merr.) Hand. -Mazz. of its population structure and dynamic characteristics, to reveal the population development potential and endangered reasons so as to provide a reference for the protection and restoration of germplasm resources in H. chinensis. [Method] The sample plot investigation method was used to investigate 8 H. chinensis wild populations of Guangxi Shiwandashan area, the structural characteristics of H. chinensis were studied in space instead of time, and meanwhile its population static life table, survival curve, population dynamics indexes and population survival function were analyzed. The future development trend of population was predicted. [Result] The age class structure of H. chinensis wild population showed inverted J type, young individuals of population were relatively more, the population was increasing type, and the elimination rate of population individuals in the young stage was higher. The population dynamic index, random interference sensitivity index and random interference risk probability were 52.61%,4.38% and 8.33%, respectively. The population was sensitive to external interference, and the environment had a strong effect on individual selection. The survival curve of H. chinensis population was B1 subtype of Deevey type II. During the I-VI age class periods, the population survival rate decreased with the increase of age class but population cumulative mortality rate increased with age class. The hazard rate reached the highest in the VI class age, after this age class, the population entered the physiological recession phase. Time series analysis showed that, except the number of individuals remained unchanged after 4 age-class periods, after 4,6,8 and 10 age-class periods, the number of individuals of each age class showed an increasing trend, and the age classes IV-VII gradually became the mainstay of the population, H. chinensis population was generally in a state of growth. [Conclusion] H. chinensis wild population was an increasing type, and the population was in a fluctuating state and sensitive to external interference. The population had a sufficient number of seedlings, good restoration potential provided habitat was not destroyed. However, there were recruitment limitations in the process of seedling to sapling and sapling to young trees, which restricted the development of H. chinensis population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Laser Technology is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Liquidambar formosana is an excellent landscape ecological tree species because its beautiful tree shape and red or orange leaves in autumn. In order to understand the genetic basis of discoloration and secondary metabolism of L. formosana leaves, the mixed samples of L. formosana leaves in five leaf discoloration stages were used for full-length transcriptome sequencing using single-molecule real-time sequencing technology(PacBio platform). The results were as follows:(1)High-quality 41.04 Gb data were obtained by full-length transcriptome sequencing, from which 563 180 full-length non-chimeric sequences were identified, and 27 269 high-quality full-length transcripts were obtained by clustering and de-redundancy. In 27 269 full-length transcripts, 2 035 long-chain non-coding RNA(lncRNA)were predicted, and 14 892 simple sequence repeat(SSR)sites and 1 856 transcription factors were detected.(2)The results of gene annotation showed that a total of 24 857 transcripts were annotated in eight databases such as NR, GO, COG and KEGG, etc., 124 metabolic pathways were obtained in KEGG database, including ribosome, carbon metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis and so on, and 49 and 71 transcripts were involved in flavonoid and chlorophyll metabolism respectively. The above results preliminarily reveal the transcriptome information and functional characteristics of L. formosana leaves during the leaf discoloration stage, and provide basic data for the follow-up study of the molecular mechanism of leaf discoloration, the pathway and regulation of pigment metabolism and synthesis, the cloning of related functional genes and the improvement of leaf color. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Illumina sequencing platform was used to obtain the whole chloroplast genome sequences of Ardisia crenata. Compared with the structural characteristics and variation degree of chloroplast genomes based on bioinformatics methods, this study is aimed to clarify the characteristics and differences of the chloroplast genomes of A. crenata and Ardisia crenata var. bicolor, to compare and analyze the chloroplast genomes, and to provide reference for the phylogenetic study of Myrsinaceae. As results, both of them were composed of one large single copy region (LSC), one small single copy region (SSC) and a pair of reverse repeat regions (IRa/IRb). Total 132 genes were annotated, and their repeat sequence types and distribution patterns were similar, but the number was different. The results of comparative genomics showed that the coding regions of psbA, matK, rpoC2, ropB, ndhK, accD, ndhF, ndhD, ndhH and ycf1 genes were different, and they provided new loci for molecular identification of Ardisia. The chloroplast genome of A. crenata and A. crenata var. bicolor was highly conserved, and there was no rearrangement or inversion between chloroplast genomes. The variation of IR region sequence was the lowest, and the variation degree of SSC region was the highest. In the phylogenetic tree, the A. crenata and A. crenata var. bicolor were sister groups, which clearly reflected the genetic relationship, and provided a scientific explanation for the variety of A. crenata from molecular level. The Myrsinaceae and Primulaceae can be divided into two branches according based on the support rate. In this study, the chloroplast genome structure of A. crenata was analyzed, and the phylogenetic relationship among the genera of Myrsinaceae was discussed, which lays a foundation for the study of taxonomic identification,phylogenetic evolution and resource exploitation and utilization of medicinal plants of Myrsinaceae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Liquidambar formosana is an excellent landscape ecological tree species because its leaves turn red gradually after autumn, which is of great ornamental value. In this paper, the changes of tissue structures, photosynthetic characteristics and pigment contents of L. formosana leaves were continuously monitored, and the relationships between leaf structures and photosynthetic characteristics and pigment were analyzed in order to understand the relationships between leaf structure changes and leaf color. The results were as follows:(1)During the discoloration process of L. formosana leaves, the epidermal cells were oval and closely arranged, no obvious cell variation was observed, no villi and wax were attached to the surface, and the upper epidermal cells were closely arranged with palisade tissue cells, there was no large air chamber.(2)With the leaf turning red gradually, the leaf structure changed significantly. The thickness of leaf, upper epidermis, palisade tissue, spongy tissue and stomatal aperture decreased gradually, whereas the length and width of stomatal apparatus and the area of single stomatal apparatus gradually increased.(3)With the change of leaf structure, the chlorophyll content decreased gradually, resulting in the decrease of net photosynthetic rate. When light damage occurred, leaves protected themselves by synthesizing anthocyanins in the vacuoles of palisade tissue cells, then a large amount of anthocyanins caused the leaf surface to show red. Therefore, the decrease of chlorophyll content and the accumulation of anthocyanins were the direct reasons for the redness of L. formosana leaves. To sum up, the red color of L. formosana leaves is the combination result of a series of physiological structure characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Forest Research is the property of Forest Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research in verification of human face issue has impelled the demand and interest of law enforcement agencies and digital entertainment industry in transferring sketches to photo-realistic images. However, sketch- photo synthesis remains a significant challenging problem despite the rapid development of neural networks in image-to-image generation tasks. So far, existing approaches still have inextricable limitations due to the lack of paired data in the training stag e and the fact of the striking differences between sketch and photo. To solve this problem, a new frame work is proposed to translate face sketches to photo-realistic images in an unsupervised fashion. Compared with current unsupervised image-to-image translation methods, the net work leverages an additional semantic consistency loss to keep t he input semantic information in the output, and replaces the pixel-wise cycle- consistency with perceptual loss to generate sharper images for face sketch-photo synthesis. This network also employs PGGAN's generator and train it with a GAN loss for realistic out put and a cycle consistency loss for d riving the same input and output to remain constant. Experiments on two open source data sets verify the effectiveness of our proposal in subjective evaluation a nd objective standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]