Objective: To study the efficacy of vertebroplasty in the treatment of elderly osteoporotic spinal fracture. Methods: A total of 120 elderly patients with senile osteoporotic spinal fracture were selected, who were admitted to West China Hospital of Sichuan University from January 2012 to January 2014, and treated by vertebroplasty with the Sky bone expander system through percutaneous puncture. 74 elderly patients took a prone position (prone position group), 46, the lateral position (lateral position group), comparing the vertebral height, Cobb angle, and VAS score of the two groups before operation and 3d and 3 months after operation. Results: There was statistical significance in the vertebral height between the two groups before operation (F=4.231, P=0.042), and the vertebral height of the two groups 3d and 3 months after operation was significantly higher than that before operation, with statistical significance (F=4.03, P=0.047).There was no statistical significance in the Cobb angle changes between the two groups before operation (F=3.042, P=0.072), but the mean Cobb angle of the two groups 3d and 3 months after operation was significantly lower than that before operation,with statistical significance (F=9.86, P=0.021). The VAS score in the two groups had no significant difference before operation (F=2.035, P=0.089), but the VAS score of the two groups 3d and 3 months after operation was significantly lower than that before operation,with statistical significance (F=12.86, P=0.005). Conclusion: Vertebroplasty has an obvious curative effect in the treatment of elderly osteoporotic spinal fracture, which can effectively restore the vertebral height and Cobb angle, and quickly relieve the symptoms of pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]