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针对信道数变化等原因造成的剩余信道输出增益漂移现象,研究了一种竞争型全光增益控制放大器,可以实现对宽输入功率范围信号的增益控制。对光功率在-40～5 dBm范围内的输入光,将增益漂移量由22.0 dB降低至0.4 dB。在多信道情况下,将信道数变化和信道功率变化引起的增益漂移量分别降低至0.23和0.10 dB。该放大器的工作范围与控制幅度都要优于传统的全光增益方法,对于控制剩余信道输出增益稳定具有重要参考价值。

摘要：【目的】探讨甲状腺乳头状癌的淋巴结转移规律，分析其影响因素。【方法】回顾性分析我院自2011年1月至 2015年12月手术治疗甲状腺乳头状癌病人375 例的临床资料，对其原发灶特点、淋巴结转移规律进行了总结。【结果】本组 患者均为甲状腺乳头状癌，颈部淋巴结总转移率为67.47%，中央组淋巴结转移率为64.27%，颈侧组淋巴结转移率为 36.53%。原发灶肿瘤直径大于1 cm、肿瘤突破包膜、侵犯肌肉时颈淋巴结转移发生率明显升高（P < 0.05）。【结论】甲状腺乳 头状癌最常见的淋巴结转移为中央组淋巴结，初次手术应常规清扫双侧中央组淋巴结，当肿块直径大于1 cm或癌肿突破甲 状腺包膜和/或侵犯肌肉时宜同时清扫同侧的颈侧组淋巴结。

激光以其单色性好、能量集中等优点在测距、传感等领域获得了极为广泛的应用,而线宽是衡量激光单色性的重要指标,因此对窄线宽激光线宽测量的研究具有非常重要的意义。文章较为系统地介绍了几种基于相干光的拍频信号测量窄线宽激光线宽的方法,并对其进行了实验研究和对比分析。结果表明,采用带法拉第旋镜的迈克尔逊干涉仪结构是一种非常理想的窄激光线宽测量方法。

介绍了一种偏振无关的DSHI（延时自外差法）,其光路系统是基于FRM（法拉第旋转镜）的Michelson干涉仪,并对其激光线宽测量原理和偏振无关的特性进行了理论分析。在此基础上分别对传统的M-Z（马赫-曾徳）型DSHI和偏振无关的Michelson型DSHI进行了偏振态稳定性测试和超窄（4.5kHz）激光线宽测量比较,结果表明,具有高偏振态稳定性的Michelson型DSHI对激光线宽的测量精度更高,同时,用该高精度的Michelson型DSHI在理想的精度范围内成功完成了对另一台1.7kHz超窄半导体激光器线宽的测量。

光纤干涉仪的消光比在很大程度上决定了干涉型光纤传感系统的灵敏度。文章从理论上分析了基于干涉结构的分布式光纤振动传感系统的消光比影响因素,指出偏振态是影响系统消光比的主要原因。在此基础上,设计并实现了一种性价比极高的在线偏振调节器。通过对偏振态的调节,实现了长距离分布式光纤振动传感系统消光比的动态均衡。

基于不同介质材料的AOTF（声光可调谐滤波器）具有不同的性质及应用场合。目前应用于紫外、可见光和红外波段的AOTF主要以α-SiO2、TeO2和TAS（Tl3AsSe3）为介质。为了得到性能更优的AOTF,人们一直在探寻新型双折射晶体材料来代替α-SiO2和TAS。文章汇总并讨论了近年来人们针对基于TeO2、KDP（KH2PO4）、MgF2和Hg2Cl2等材料的AOTF的研究工作,结果显示,上述材料具有更多的优点,但同时也有一些不足之处,因此人们需要根据不同的应用场合选择不同的材料。

【目的】探讨严重急性呼吸综合征（SARS）的糖皮质激素治疗与胸片所见的关系。【方法】收集广州市458例SARS患者的一般临床资料及每次胸片资料。所有患者都临床确诊并经免疫学检查证实,临床资料及胸片资料同时较齐全才作为研究对象。根据应用激素与否将其分为两组。【结果】应用激素组257例,未用激素组201例。两组在首次见到肺内病变时间之差异无统计学意义（t=1.417,P=0.157）;激素用于临床表现较严重的病例,胸片上肺内病变达高峰时间较未用激素组长（t=3.242,P=0.001）,所累及的肺小区个数较多（t=3.982,P〈0.001）,住院时间较长（F=2.731,P〈0.001）。始用激素于病程10d之内及10d之后比较,后者肺内病变达高峰时所累及的肺小区个数较多。最大日剂量较大者,其病变存留较久、住院时间较多（F=3.040,7.044;P〈0.001,〈0.001）。【结论】激素用于症状较重的SARS患者的情况下,病死率不高,提示激素在SARS治疗中有重要意义。

声光可调滤光器（ＡＯＴＦ）是未来全光网络中实现波长路由选择的首选器件，具有独特的多通道操作功能，可同时选择多个波长及快速调谐。要实现ＡＯＴＦ的可调波长选路功能，对驱动功率源有较高的要求。本文介绍了我们研制的一种可调谐多通道射频功率源，其中采用声表面波谐振器制作的频率源具有较大的调谐范围和较高的频率稳定性，瞬时频率稳定度达到１０－８；单通道输出功率可达１Ｗ，能满足ＡＯＴＦ的操作要求。

Objective To observe the changes in serum microRNA-223（miR-223) levels in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, as well as the changes in the clearance ability to clear Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) H37Rv, apoptosis and inflammatory response of macrophages transfected with miR-223 mimics, and to analyze the targeted relationship between miR-223 and NLRP3. Methods Thirty-seven serum samples from active pulmonary tuberculosis patients (tuberculosis group) and 40 serum samples from healthy individuals during the same period (healthy group) were selected, and miR-223 was detected in the serum samples of both groups using RT-PCR. Human monocyte line THP-1 was cultured in vitro and differentiated into macrophages after 24 h of stimulation with phorbol. Macrophages were randomly divided into the healthy group, MTB group, MTB+mimics-NC group, and MTB+miR-223 mimics group. Cells in the healthy group were cultured routinely, while cells in the MTB group, MTB+mimics-NC group, and MTB+miR-223 mimics group were all infected with MTB standard strain H37Rv. After infection, in the MTB+mimics-NC group and MTB+miR-223 mimics group, we used liposome transfection method to transfect mimics-NC and miR-223 mimics into cells, respectively. The miR-223, NLRP3, TNF-α and IFN-γ mRNA in cells of each group were detected by RT-PCR. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis rate of cells in each group, and colony forming unit (CFU) counting method was used to detect the H37Rv bacterial load in each group. THP-1 cells in the logarithmic growth phase were taken and randomly divided into the miR-223 mimics+NLRP3-WT group, the mimics-NC+NLRP3-WT group, the miR-223 mimics+NLRP3- MUT group, and the mimics-NC+NLRP3-MUT group, respectively. The miR-223 mimics and NLRP3-WT, mimics-NC and NLRP3-WT, miR-223 mimics and NLRP3-MUT, and mimics-NC and NLRP3-MUT were co-transfected into cells of the above groups, respectively, by Lipofectamine 2000 reagent in accordance with the operation instructions of the kit. The relative luciferase activity of cells in each group was detected at 24 h after transfection. The dual luciferase reporter gene assay was used to verify whether there was a targeted relationship between miR-223 and NLRP3. Results Compared with the healthy group, the serum miR-223 expression decreased in the tuberculosis group (P<0. 05). Compared with the healthy group, the miR-223 expression and apoptosis rate decreased, and the NLRP3, TNF-α, IFN-γ mRNA and bacterial load increased in the MTB group (all P<0. 05). Compared with the MTB+mimics NC group, the MTB+miR223 mimics group showed increased miR-223 expression and cell apoptosis rate, and decreased expression levels of NLRP3, TNF- α, IFN-γ mRNA and bacterial load (all P<0. 05). The dual luciferase reporter gene experiment showed that NLRP3 was a targeted gene for miR-223. Conclusions The expression of serum miR-223 decreases in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Transfection of miR-223 mimics can promote macrophage apoptosis, enhance the bactericidal ability of macrophages infected with MTB, and alleviate inflammatory response. The mechanism may be related to targeted regulation of NLRP3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The spatial distribution, innervation, and functional role of the nerves involved in regulating bone remodeling have been studied in detail by previous researchers. However, research on the effects of exercise on the nervous system to regu late bone remodeling is rare. This study aims to summarize the evidence of neural control of bone metabolism and the potential positive effect of exercise on the nervous system, by exploring the relationship between central and peripheral nerves and their secretions and bone health, and by discussing the process of action of the nervous system in the process of promoting bone anabolism through exercise, to provide in sights for exercise train ing in the skeletal nerve axis and promoting bone formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Pipeline wax deposition has always been a thorny problem perplexing the transportation of waxy crude oil. It is of great practical significance to establish an accurate wax deposition rate prediction model for ensuring the safe operation of the pipeline. Considering the shortcomings of Elman neural network ( ENN) model ( easy to fall into minimum points and weak generalization ability) . Based on the main influencing factors of wax deposition rate, an ENN model based on the improved Aquila optimizer ( the hunting strategy with whale optimization algorithm improves the local search ability of Aquila optimizer) was proposed. Based on two groups of indoor experimental data, the difference of prediction accuracy between the new model and other models was compared and analyzed. The results show that the mean absolute percentage error of the improved new model is 0. 760 3% and 1. 245 2% respectively, and its prediction accuracy is obviously higher than that of the traditional ENN model. The ENN model established by the improved Aquila optimizer can optimize the initial weights and thresholds, which greatly improves the generalization ability, so it has the advantage of high prediction accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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