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目的探讨影响膀胱癌根治（RC）尿流改道术围手术期安全的因素。方法回顾性收集2001年1月至2020年8月在本中心泌尿外科接受RC术患者的临床病理指标、术后并发症及预后情况等指标并进行统计分析。并对其中2011-2020年的患者按开放手术组（ORC）、腹腔镜组（LRC）、机器人辅助腹腔镜组（RARC）进一步分析比较。本研究采用独立样本t检验、卡方检验、线性回归、K-M生存曲线等统计方法描述患者并发症及预后情况，Logistic回归分析RC术后并发症的影响因素。结果在2001-2020年的1 041例行RC术的患者中，中位年龄63（55~69）岁；男性和女性占比分别为86.0%和14.0%。比较2001-2010与2011-2020年前后10年数据，并发症发生率有明显下降（37.4% vs. 26.7%）。分析2011至2020年667例RC术患者的并发症情况，中位随访时间34个月。其中ORC组415例，LRC组161例，RARC组91例。在尿流改道方式中，回肠导管术共计659例，占比63.3%；原位新膀胱术343例，占比32.9%。所有级别并发症发生率30.5%，最常见的并发症是泌尿系并发症（15.8%）。开放手术组总并发症和≥3级并发症发生率高于腹腔镜、机器人手术组（总并发症：ORC，30.8%；LRC，21.1%，RARC，24.2%；P=0.047；≥3级并发症：ORC，14.7%；LRC，9.3%，RARC，6.6%；P=0.043）。线性趋势检验分析提示，本中心患者近期（≤90 d）并发症发生率在2011年至2020年呈下降趋势（χ2=10.013，P=0.002）。结论随着手术技术的提高和经验的积累，RC术后近期并发症发生率有下降趋势；与开放手术相比，微创手术特别是机器人辅助腹腔镜手术在降低并发症发生率上有一定优势。

目的：研究CD4 T淋巴细胞内的基础ATP浓度代替CD4/CD8比值用于评估结核病感染者免疫状态的可行性。方法：本研究通过磁珠法分离相同体积全血中的CD4、CD8细胞，并计算CD4和CD8细胞的基础ATP浓度来评估结核病感染者的免疫状态，以QFM（Quantiferon Monitor）检测法作为对照。结果：研究发现传统的CD4/CD8比值或CD4 T细胞计数方法不适用于结核病患者。采用CD4细胞的基础ATP浓度来监测活动性结核患者和健康人群，在以290.7×10-6 g/L为cut-off值，AUROC为0.8719，其灵敏度为86.21%，特异性为76.19%，差异有统计学意义（P+T淋巴细胞胞内基础ATP浓度来评估结核病感染者的免疫状态。提示CD4+ T淋巴细胞的基础ATP浓度比CD4/CD8比值可以更好用于评估结核病患者的免疫状态。

目的对比分析脱细胞真皮基质与耳屏软骨-软骨膜在鼓膜修补中的疗效及组织病理学差异。方法74例慢性化脓性中耳炎患者分成两组，A组脱细胞真皮基质作为鼓膜修补材料，共23例，B组耳屏软骨-软骨膜复合物作为修补材料，共51例。收集两组患者鼓膜表面血管生长时间以及修补鼓膜完全上皮化时间，比较两组的差别。收集两种材料送病理科行组织切片，对比观察两者之间的差异。结果两组术后鼓膜愈合率均为100%，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。术后可见表面血管爬生时间A组为（3.74±1.05）周，B组为（2.22±0.42）周，B组血管爬生更快，且两组之间差异有统计学意义（t=6.70，Pt=6.19，P

文章仿真研究了两种改进型光双二进制调制格式。首先对比分析了产生两种改进型光双二进制调制格式的发射机结构及两种调制格式的码型和频谱特性,随后进行了系统的传输性能仿真。仿真结果表明:当残留色散较大时,改进Ⅱ型光双二进制调制格式性能较为优异;而在-13.22.8dBm入纤光功率范围内,与改进Ⅱ型光双二进制和NRZ（非归零）码调制格式相比,改进Ⅰ型光双二进制的Q值最高,抗非线性效应能力最强。

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Objective: On 7th October 2023, an earthquake sequence consisting of four Mw 5.5+ earthquakes struck Herat, Afghanistan, marking it as the deadliest earthquake in the region over the last two decades. Determining the source parameters and slip distribution, and assessing the building damage are of great scientific significance for understanding the tectonic mechanism of the Herat fault system and ensuring efficient rescue work. Methods: First, the coseismic displacements of the 2023 Herat earthquake sequence was acquired using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) based on the Sentinel-1 images. Second, the fault geometry and slip distribution are determined using the InSAR displacement field from ascending and descending tracks as a constraint, and the seismogenic fault is analyzed and discussed. Finally, a building damage proxy map (BDPM) was acquired based on the multi-temporal InSAR coherence change detection method. Results: The coseismic deformation occurred between the Herat Fault Zone and the Siakhubulak Fault Zone. The maximum line-of-sight displacements observed in the ascending and descending tracks were about 32.3 cm and 58.9 cm, respectively. The inversion results show that the coseismic dislocation is dominated by thrust faulting with a small amount of right-lateral slip movement, and the fault has not ruptured to the surface, showing a northdipping orientation with a dip of 34°. The slip was concentrated at depths of 2-8 km with a maximum slip of about 2.5 m occurring at a depth of 5.3 km. Conclusions: Through comprehensive analysis of multisource remote sensing data, it can be preliminarily determined that the seismogenic fault is an unmapped northward thrust fault on the north side of the Herat fault zone. The results of the BDPM indicate that the earthquake sequence caused relatively severe damage to buildings within 40 km of the epicenter, which may be the direct cause of the largescale casualties caused by the event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective In order to provide reference and basis for the scientific research capacity training of medical graduates, the current situation training for professional graduates majoring in neurosurgery was investigated and analyzed. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among graduates majoring in neurosurgery at Xuanwu Hospital. Possible relevant factors were analyzed, including scientific research awareness, scientific research initiative, scientific research interest, weekly science citation indexTM (SCI) literature reading, number of thesis published in Chinese core journals, number of thesis published in SCI journals, and participation in clinical and basic research project, number of registered clinical studies, experience in writing fund applications, supervisor′s scientific research requirements, participation in Journal Club activities. The current status of scientific research capacity building of graduates in our department and the factors of scientific research productivity were analyzed. Results Professional graduate majoring in neurosurgery had the highest weekly scientific research literature reading score (4.32±1.04), higher scientific research awareness, scientific research initiative, and scientific research interest scores (3.82-3.89). However, participation in scientific research (2.80±1.18) and thesis publication (2.50±1.52) were relatively low. Comparing graduates of different grades, scientific research awareness and initiative increase with raising grade. Most of first-year master candidates had the lowest scores in sum of relevant factors. In addition, the result of linear regression analysis suggested that scientific research interest and participation in scientific research had a significant impact on scientific research productivity (P＜0.05). Conclusions It is necessary to stimulate graduates′ interest in scientific research and encourage them to join research project and strengthen the capacity of setting research goals. Also more efforts are needed to optimize research and training environment in terms of tutors and institutions, thus to promote the building of research capacity of graduates to meet the comprehensive requirements for cultivation of medical talents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]