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Copyright of Journal of Geodesy & Geodynamics (1671-5942) is the property of Editorial Board Journal of Geodesy & Geodynamics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cultivation and sowing agricultural machinery equipment plays a pivotal role in influencing the quality and efficiency of cultivation operations across 133 million hectares of arable land in China. The rapid advancement of agricultural mechanization has led to heightened demands for enhanced wear resistance and extended service life of soil-engaging components in cultivation and sowing agricultural machinery, including rotary tillers, plowshares, deep loosening shovels, rake blades, and trenchers. Consequently, there is a paramount need to bolster research efforts aimed at enhancing the surface wear resistance of soil-engaging components in agricultural machinery and equipment. Building upon this premise, this study provides a comprehensive overview of the current research status regarding the enhancement of surface wear resistance in soil-engaging components within agricultural machinery and equipment. Initially, the primary forms of wear and failure in soil-engaging components of agricultural machinery and equipment are elucidated, encompassing abrasive wear, fatigue wear, and corrosion wear. Concurrently, the wear mechanisms of soil-engaging components in agricultural machinery, influenced by external factors such as abrasive particle shape, external load, soil moisture content, and pH value, are delineated, alongside an overview of diverse research methodologies concerning these mechanisms. Subsequently, detailed elaboration is provided on the progress in research and development of surface treatment processes, including surface melting, welding, thermal spraying, laser surface strengthening, chemical heat treatment, and brazing. Furthermore, an exploration and analysis of the disparity in wear resistance and strengthening technology for soil-engaging components between China and foreign nations are conducted from four perspectives: wear mechanism, material research and development, structural design, and manufacturing processes. Although domestic enterprises and researchers have conducted significant research, a noticeable disparity persists between soil-engaging components in domestic tillage and broadcasting equipment and their foreign counterparts. The research and development system remains imperfect, and there is a misalignment between promotion and application, thus hindering the formation of an internationally competitive industry chain for wear-resistant soil-engaging components. Finally, addressing the current challenges and deficiencies in the failure mechanisms, materials, structures, and processes of soil-engaging components in tillage and sowing machinery, this paper discusses the research and development directions aimed at enhancing wear resistance in agricultural machinery and equipment. 1) Enhance research on the wear resistance of soil-engaging components in diverse operational environments of tillage and sowing machinery; 2) Utilizing tribological theory, analyze the interaction laws of "environment, component, and material," thereby intensifying the development and research of substrate and coating materials for soil-engaging components; 3) Improve the optimization design of soil-engaging component structures to fulfill requirements for wear resistance, longevity, drag reduction, and lightweight properties; 4) To ensure the synchronized attainment of precision, strength, toughness, wear resistance, and prolonged service life in soil-engaging components, research on the process system of such components will be fortified, thereby furnishing theoretical foundations and technical support for research and engineering applications pertaining to enhancing surface wear resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Geodesy & Geodynamics (1671-5942) is the property of Editorial Board Journal of Geodesy & Geodynamics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Geodesy & Geodynamics (1671-5942) is the property of Editorial Board Journal of Geodesy & Geodynamics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Metal Working (1674-165X) is the property of Metal Working Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Clinical Healthcare is the property of Chinese Journal of Clinical Healthcare and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Wildlife / Yesheng Dongwu Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Wildlife Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shandong Medical Journal is the property of Shandong Medical Health Newspapers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine is the property of Journal of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of α-hoswellic acid on renal interstitial fibrosis in mice and its mechanism. Methods A total of 52 male C57/BL mice were divided into three groups; sham group, model group, and boswellic acid group. The unilateral ureter separation was performed in mice of the sham group, and mice in the other two groups underwent unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) to induce renal interstitial fibrosis. The mice in the boswellic acid group were administered orally 60 mg/kg α-boswellic acid after surgery for 21 days. The blood and kidney tissues in each mouse were collected after anesthesia. The levels of urea nitrogen ( BUN) , creatinine (Scr) , malondialdehyde ( MDA) , and total superoxide dismutase (t-SOD) in serum were detected. The pathological changes of kidney were observed by HE and MASSON staining. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of α-SMA, TGF-p, , Smad2/3 , and Smad7 in the renal tissues. qPCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of α-SMA. TGF-β1 , Smad2/3, and Smad7 in the renal tissues. HK-2 cells were cultured and then were divided into the control group, the experimental group 1 and experimental group 2. Cells in the group 1 and group 2 were cultured under hypoxia condition for 48 h to make the cell models of renal interstitial fibrosis. Before hypoxia treatment, 25 µ/mL α-boswellic acid was added in the group 2. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of α-SMA, TGF-β1 , Smad2/3, and Smad7 in each group at 48 h after culturing. Results The levels of serum BUN, Scr, and MDA in the model group were higher than those of the sham group, and the level of SOD was lower than that of the sham group ( all P <0. 01 ). The levels of serum BUN, Scr, and MDA in the boswellic acid group were lower than those of the sham group, and the level of SOD was higher than that of the model group ( all P < 0. 05 ). The pathological changes indicated that the pathological injuries and degree of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in the boswellic acid group significantly relieved as compared with that of the model group. The mRNA and protein expression levels of TGF-β1 , Smad2, Smad3, α-SMA in the kidney tissues of the model group were higher than those of the sham group, and the mRNA and protein expression of Smad7 was lower than that of the sham group2 the mRNA and protein expression levels of TGF-β1 , Smad2, Smad3 , and α-SMA in the boswellic acid group were lower than those of the model group, and the mRNA and protein expression of Smad7 was higher than that of the model group ( all P < 0. 05 ). The relative expression of TGF-β1 , Smad2 . Smad3 . and α-SMA in the group 1 was higher than that of the control group. and the relative expression of Smad7 was lower than that of the control group2 the relative expression of TGF-β1, Smad2, Smad3 . and α-SMA in the group 2 was lower than that of the group 1 . and the relative expression of Smad7 was higher than that of the group 1 (all P< 0.05). Conclusion The a-boswellic acid has preventive and therapeutic effects on the renal interstitial fi-brosis in mice, and the mechanism may be involved in the down-regulation of TGF-β1 , Smad2, Smad3, α-SMA, and the up-regulation of Smad7. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Progress in Modern Biomedicine is the property of Publishing House of Progress in Modern Biomedicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To find the key therapeutic targets involved in Sparstolonin B-regulated human coronary arterial endothelial cells (HC'AECs) by using a bioinfonnatics analysis. Methods: Based on the GEO public database, the original expression profile data (GSE44598) were obtained, and a series of analysis, including differential expression gene screening, function annotation, pathway clustering. pathway-net and signal-net analysis were conducted to find the key genes and signaling pathways related to Sparstolonin B. Results: Compared with control group. 5224 genes were found in Sparstolonin B group, including 2628 up-regulated genes and 2596 down-regulated genes, respectively. Gene function annotation and signaling pathway enrichment analysis manifested that the differently expression genes were primarily involved in cell cycle regulation process. Network analysis indicated that the MAPK signal pathway, cell cycle signal pathway and PLCG2. PRKACA and ADCY4 were the key pathways and genes. Conclusions: Our findings revealed that Sparstolonin B played a key role in regulating the function of HC'AEC by affecting the expression of many genes, like PLCG2. PRKACA and ADCY4, which were involved in MAPK and cell cycle signaling pathways. These key genes and pathways were identified as potential therapeutic targets of Sparstolonin B on cardiovascular disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Progress in Modern Biomedicine is the property of Publishing House of Progress in Modern Biomedicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Progress in Modern Biomedicine is the property of Publishing House of Progress in Modern Biomedicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Progress in Modern Biomedicine is the property of Publishing House of Progress in Modern Biomedicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Progress in Modern Biomedicine is the property of Publishing House of Progress in Modern Biomedicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Architecture & Civil Engineering is the property of Chang'an Daxue Zazhishe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)