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Dysphagia is a common complication after stroke, and early screening, correct assessment, and timely intervention can improve patient outcomes. This article reviews the research progress affecting the outcomes of patients with stroke dysphagia from the aspects of swallowing function screening and evaluation, and feeding management. (吞咽障碍是脑卒中患者常见并发症, 早期筛查、正确评估、及时干预可改善患者结局。本文从吞咽筛查和评估、进食管理等内容对影响脑卒中吞咽障碍患者结局的研究进展进行综述。)

临床试验是评估新药或新疗法有效性和安全性最有效的方法，可以提供高质量的循证医学证据。近年来全球的临床试验数量逐渐增加，试验结果为阴性十分常见。当临床试验的主要结果为阴性时，并不一定就意味着研究的失败，研究者还需要多方考虑以便从中找到潜在益处的线索。本文阐述了临床试验主要结局为阴性时需要考虑的12个要点，并以吲哚布芬对比阿司匹林治疗急性缺血性卒中（indobufen versus aspirin in acute ischemic stroke，INSURE）研究为例进行讨论，以期为后续的临床试验设计和结果解读提供经验。 Abstract: Clinical trials are the most effective method for evaluating the efficacy and safety of new drugs or new therapies, and can provide high-quality evidence-based medical evidence. In recent years, the number of clinical trials worldwide increased gradually, negative results from clinical trials are very common. When the main result of a clinical trial is negative, it does not necessarily mean that the study is a failure, and researchers should consider multiple factors to find potential benefits. Therefore, we elaborated in detail the 12 key points to consider, when encountering the negative primary outcome, and discussed by taking indobufen versus aspirin in acute ischemic stroke (INSURE) study as an example provide reference experience for subsequent clinical research design and results interpretation.

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Copyright of Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Medical Sciences) is the property of Xian Jiaotong University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Stroke is a common neurological disease. Post-stroke sensory disorder is one of the common complications of stroke, which has severe negative impact on motor function and activity participation of patients. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a technique that uses 1 to 2 mA of direct current to modulate the cerebral cortex, is non-invasive, safe and well tolerated by patients. This study elaborates on the theoretical basis and mechanism of action of tDCS in treating post-stroke sensory disturbances, and analyzes and summarizes the application of tDCS in post-stroke sensory disturbances, confirming the effectiveness of tDCS, providing strong support for further clinical research of tDCS in the field of post-stroke rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) is a key enzyme in the trehalose biosynthetic pathway in plants. The TPS gene family of the tea plant [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] was identified, analyzed, and its expression pattern under adverse stress was studied. This study aims to provide a foundation for the functional validation of TPS genes. [Method] Utilizing biological information methods, we identified members of CsTPS gene family and analyzed the physical and chemical properties of their encoded protein, conserved motifs and domains, chromosomal location, phylogenetic relationships, promoter cis-acting elements, and other biological information. Subsequently, we employed transcriptome data in conjunction with RT-qPCR technology to investigate the expression patterns of CsTPS family members under drought, salt, and cold stress. [Result] The 16 TPS gene family members were identified in C. sinensis genome, which were classified into two subfamilies: Class I and Class II based on phylogenetic study. Members of the same subfamily presented similar motif composition and gene structure. The covariance and evolutionary studies revealed that CsTPS genes were duplicated within the tea plant genome and experienced purifying selection during the evolutionary process. RT-qPCR results revealed that the six candidate genes, CsTPS3, CsTPS5, CsTPS6, CsTPS9, CsTPS11, and CsTPS14, were all induced by PEG, NaCl, and low-temperature stress, and their expression patterns were similar with transcriptome information. [Conclusion] Sixteen TPS family members were identified systematically across the tea plant's genome. The CsTPS3, CsTPS5, CsTPS6, CsTPS9, CsTPS11, and CsTPS14 genes all are sensitive to drought, salt, and low-temperature stresses, though their sensitivity levels differed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of New Medicine is the property of Sun Yat Sen University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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目的 探讨 BOPPPS+对分课堂教学模式的应用效果. 方法 选取该校2020级公共事业管 理(卫生管理方向)专业学生50名, 采用 BOPPPS+对分课堂教学模式进行教学, 对学生知识学习效果进行评 价, 比较 BOPPPS+对分课堂教学模式实施前后大学生学习投入量表(UWES-S)、自我导向学习评定量表 (SRSSDL)评分, 并采用问卷调查学生对 BOPPPS+对分课堂教学模式的满意度. 结果 在过程性考核中, 78%(39/50)的学生能够全部按时完成课前预习作业, 98%(49/50)的学生能够全部按时完成课后测试题, 并且 分数均能够达到70分以上. 实施 BOPPPS+对分课堂教学模式前后 UWES-S、SRSSDL各维度评分及总分比 较, 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05). 41名(82%)学生对 BOPPPS+对分课堂教学模式表示满意, 8名(16%)学 生表示一般, 仅1名(2%)学生表示不太满意. 结论 BOPPPS+对分课堂教学模式有利于优化学生学习效果, 提高学生学习兴趣和学习能力, 有利于学生综合素质的培养. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To understand the satisfaction of diabetic patients to family doctor contract services and its influencing factors, and to provide evidence for further improving the contract services of family doctors for diabetic patients. Methods From August to September 2019, a total of 514 diabetic patients who had been contracted by their family doctors were investigated using a multi 一 stage stratified random sampling method in three cities of Shandong province. Descriptive analysis, chi 一 squared test and logistic regression analysis were used to study the degree of satisfaction with contracted services and its influencing factors. Results 71. 8% diabetic patients were satisfied with family doctor contract services. Age =7. 025, P =0. 030), familiarity with family doctor = 13. 227, P <0. 001), change of life habit 仗？ = 15. 217, P < 0. 001), change of medical cost =4. 904, P = 0. 027), changes in convenience of medical treatment (2 = 16. 578, P <0. 001), change of waiting time (y2 = 9. 155, P 二 0. 002), and other factors will affect the satisfaction of diabetes patients with the services signed by family doctors. Multivariate logistic regression results showed that diabetes patients with higher annual family income (OR = 2. 321, 95% CI: 1. 298 -4. 148), knew their family doctorJ s name (OR = 1. 804, 95% CI: 1. 041 - 3. 126), believed that their living habits improved after signing the contract (OR = 1. 903, 95% CI: 1. 081 - 3. 350), and had more convenient medical consultation (OR = 1.741, 95% CI: 1. 037 - 2.920) were more satisfied with the service of signing the contract Conclusion The overall satisfaction of diabetic patients to family doctor contract services in Shandong province is relatively high, but there is still room for further improvement. It is suggested that measures should be taken to optimize the contracting services for low 一 income and elderly diabetic patients, and the contact between family doctors and patients should be further strengthened. Emphasis should be placed on guiding patients to form healthy behaviour, and improving the convenience of healthcare in order to improve patients' satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

术后遗留的瘢痕, 尤其是位于面部, 颈部等明显部位时, 会给患者带来外貌焦虑和心理负担, 因此预防术后切口瘢 痕增生是整形外科医师需要探索攻克的难点。近年来, A 型肉毒毒素（botulinum toxin type A, BTXA）在预防瘢痕增生方面得到广 泛应用。现就 BTXA 在面部手术切口瘢痕增生的预防机制, 临床有效性和安全性作一综述, 为其在术后瘢痕预防中的临床应用 提供参考。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to address the current issues of insufficient extraction of deep load features, low decomposition accuracy, and high training costs in the load decomposition model, a multi-scale feature fusion model was proposed. The model was composed of two parts: the load decomposition subnetwork and the load recognition subnetwork, both of which were employed with convolutional blocks composed of one-dimensional convolution and batch normalization for the initial extraction of load features. Subsequently, a pyramid pooling module was incorporated to precisely extract deep load features from multiple dimensions and fused them with the initial feature extraction part. Network parameters and training costs were significantly reduced by the pyramid pooling module. At the same time, in contrast to previous models with attention mechanisms, a multi-head self-attention mechanism was incorporated by the network. Different segments of load features were focused on by each attention head, achieving the selection of crucial load characteristics from multiple perspectives and further enhancing the performance of load disaggregation. Finally, experiments on the UK-DALE and REDD datasets show that the proposed model outperforms four benchmark models in both load disaggregation performance and appliance operation state recognition ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Kunming Medical University / Kunming Yike Daxue Xuebao is the property of Kunming Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Objective To discusse a more simplified operation method on the basis of the combined operation of blepharoplasty with transverse incision for correction of epicanthus. Methods From June 2016 to June 2021, 273 patients with single-fold eyelids and epicanthus were treated by correction of epicanthus combined with blepharoplasty. The method of transverse incision medial canthoplasty combined with blepharoplasty was used. On the basis of traditional methods, the design line and operation sequence were adjusted to simplify the operation process. The correction effect of medial canthoplasty, the shape of double eyelids, and patient satisfaction after surgery were observed. Results Totally 273 patients were followed up for 6 to 18 months. In 257 patients, the epicanthus was fully corrected, the double eyelid was symmetrical and natural with inobvious scar. Basic correction of epicanthus was in 9 patients while the epicanthus was uncorrected in 7 patients. The efficiency rate was 97.44%. The patient satisfaction evaluation showed that 248 patients were very satisfied, 17 patients were relatively satisfied, and 8 patients were dissatisfied, with a satisfaction rate of 97.07%. Conclusion The modified transverse incision epicanthoplasty combined with blepharoplasty is a simple and effective technique. The correction of epicanthus is adequate, with little trauma, short recovery time and satisfied scarring outcomes. The contour of double-eyelid is natural and the postoperative outcome is satisfactory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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As a common and heterogeneous type of neurodegenerative dementia with a long course and complex pathogenesis, Alzheimer disease （AD） mostly occurrs in middle-aged and elderly people. N6-adenosine methylation （m6A） is the most abundant mRNA modification in eukaryotes with dynamic and reversible features. A large number of studies have shown that enzymes involved in m6A modification could recognize RRACH sequences in target RNA and mediate post-transcriptional translation or degradation of target RNA, as a key molecular factor in the pathogenesis of AD. This paper reviewed the involvement of m6A modification in amyloid plaque, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, microglial activation-mediated neuroinflammation, and glial and synaptic plasticity, so as to reveal the existing early evidence of m6A's involvement in the pathological mechanism, thus providing theoretical support for seeking early biomarkers and experimental evidence for AD in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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AIM: To investigate the application of metabolites in urinary exosomes from kidney tubules in the assessment of diabetic kidney disease （DKD）. METHODS: Healthy individuals （n=13）, simple type 2 diabetes （T2D） patients （n=12） and T2D patients with DKD （n=12） were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Demographic and laboratory data were collected. Primary renal tubular epithelial cells were cultured. Exosomes were extracted by ultracentrifugation. Exosomes expressing cluster of differentiation 13（ CD13） were enriched by immunomagnetic beads. The morphology of exosomes was tracked by transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Western blot and immunohistochemical staining were applied. Kidney injury molecule-1 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin were detected by ELISA. Metabolites in exosomes were quantified by ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Partial least squares discriminant analysis was used for multidimensional modelling. The Wilcox test was used for comparison of metabolite data between two groups, and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used for comparison between multiple groups. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyse the correlation between metabolites and clinical indicators. The receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was used to evaluate diagnostic efficacy. RESULTS: Expression of CD13 was detected in urinary exosomes. Immunostaining showed that CD13 was located in the apical membrane of kidney tubules. Moreover, CD13 was expressed in primary renal tubular epithelial cells and their exosomes. A total of 144 metabolites were detected in urinary exosomes expressing CD13 by targeted quantitative metabolomics. Fifteen metabolites with statistical significance were selected between the simple T2D group and the T2D with DKD group （P< 0. 05）. These metabolites included lysine, N-acetylalanine, N-acetylserine, norleucine, N-phenylacetylphenylalanine, valine, chenodeoxycholic acid, glucose, myristoleic acid, oleic acid, suberic acid, undecanoic acid, fumaric acid, ketoleucine, and isovaleric acid. N-acetylalanine, undecanoic acid, ketoleucine, lysine and chenodeoxycholic acid in urinary CD13+ exosomes were all significantly correlated with urinary albumin and serum uric acid levels in T2D patients（ P<0. 05 or P<0. 01）. The areas under the ROC curves of myristoleic acid, N-acetylalanine, valine, and norleucine were 0. 854 （95% CI: 0. 705~1. 000）, 0. 840 （95% CI: 0. 677~1. 000）, 0. 812 （95% CI: 0. 640~0. 985）, and 0. 806 （95% CI: 0. 630~0. 982）, respectively. CONCLUSION: There are significant differences in metabolites encapsulated in kidney tubular cell-derived exosomes between simple T2D patients and T2D patients with DKD. The 15 metabolites with statistical significance could become novel biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis of DKD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: To test the validity and reliability of the simplified Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory（MPFI-24）.Methods: Totally 682 subjects [aged 14 to 69 years, average age（25±10） years old] were recruited and randomly divided into two halves, and exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were performed respectively. The Mental Health Continuum Short Form（MHC-SF） and Chinese Short Version of Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale（DASS-C21） were used to test the criterion correlation validity. The Comprehensive Assessment of ACT processes（Comp ACT） and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire Second Edition（AAQ-Ⅱ） were used to test the convergent validity. Two weeks later,29 of participants were retested. Results: The exploratory factor analysis of the two subscales showed that they were consistent with 6 factors, and the cumulative variance explanation rates were 88.43% and 88.63% respectively. The confirmatory factor analysis indicated that it had good construct validity（χ²/df=2.59, RMSEA=0.07, GFI=0.87, AGFI=0.84, NFI=0.89, IFI=0.93, CFI=0.93）.The total scores of PF sub scale were positively correlated with the total scores of MHC-SF and the scores of each subscale（ICC=0.21-0.48,Ps ＜0.01）,and negatively correlated with the total scores of AAQ-Ⅱ and CompACT and the scores of two dimensions（r=-0.19--0.52,Ps ＜0.01）.The scores of PI subscale and DASS-C21 subscale were positively correlated（ICC=0.37-0.46,Ps ＜0.01）,and positively correlated with AAQ-Ⅱ scores, CompACT total scores and scores of all subscales（r=0.36-0.66,Ps ＜0.01）.The internal consistency coefficients of MPFI-24 of psychological flexibility subscale and inflexibility subscale were 0.90 and 0.89, respectively. The test-retest reliability coefficients were 0.42 and 0.54. Conclusion: The simplified Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory（MPFI-24） has good validity and reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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