1. Effects of Harvest Time and Pretreatment on Drying of Erianthus Biomass
- Author
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Issei, Kanai, Minami, Masuda, and Shigenori, Morita
- Subjects
water content ,Saccharum arundinaceus ,刈取り時期 ,エリアンサス ,前処理 ,Erianthus ,含水率 ,drying ,harvest time ,乾燥 - Abstract
石油枯渇対策や地球温暖化対策の1つとして,バイオエネルギーの利用が関心を集めている。著者らは,食料生産と競合しないセルロース系原料作物として,イネ科のC4型・多年生植物であるエリアンサスに着目し,栽培利用に関する研究を進めている。エリアンサスをプラントに持ち込み,バイオエタノールを製造したりペレット化したりする際,含水率が15%以下であることが求められる。しかし,システム全体のライフサイクルアセスメントの観点からは,乾燥のために多くのエネルギーを利用することは望ましくない。本研究では,定植1年目と2年目のエリアンサスを異なる時期に刈取り,前処理を行ってから通風乾燥機にかけ,含水率の推移を調査した。その結果,12月から3月にかけては刈取り時期が遅いほど含水率が低く,植物体の表面を損傷させる前処理を行うと乾燥が速やかに進み,含水率15%に低下する時間が短いことが明らかとなった。以上の結果から,エリアンサスを原料としてエネルギー利用するためのシステムを最適化するためには,植物体が立枯れした2~3月に刈取り,植物体の表面に傷をつけてから80℃で30~46時間程度乾燥させることが望ましいと考えられる。, As a countermeasure for global warming and depletion of fossil fuel, bioenergy has become a focus of attention in the world and also in Japan especially after the Great East Japan Earthquake. Bioenergy has been required to be derived from cellulosic raw material to avoid possible competition with food production. We have been focusing on Erianthus (Saccharum spp)., a perennial C4 grass, as cellulosic raw material for bioenergy, because it shows high yield performance as well as high tolerance to environmental stresses including poor soil conditions. To make pellets from Erianthus biomass, its water content has to be 15% or less with less energy for drying from the viewpoint of Life Cycle Assessment in the whole system. In this study, we examined the time course of the water content during drying biomass harvested at different times in winter in one- and two-year Erianthus populations. We harvested Erianthus in December, January, February and March, respectively to dry. The water content of Erianthus at standing decreased gradually to reach the lowest in February through March. The less the water content at harvest, the faster the time to be less than 15% water content. The two-year Erianthus effects of four pretreatments (cut into 30 cm increments, air-drying, chopped and injury) were also examined. As a result, only injury of biomass showed significant effects on drying. When harvesting in February through March was followed by injury pretreatment, it took around 30~46 hours at 80 degrees to attain 15% water content, which is the recommendation from the viewpoint of energy utilization in the system.
- Published
- 2017