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Soybean is one of the most important grains and oil crops in China, due to a major source of oil and high-quality vegetable protein. It is very necessary to realize the low-loss harvest of soybean fields in the southern and Huanghuaihai regions. In this study, a 4LZ-1.5 type combine harvester was designed to consider the harvest of soybean breeding plots. The operation process was also theoretically analyzed for the soybean reel harvesting, according to the soybean pods easy to be fried at maturity. A numerical model was established for the reel structure and motion parameters. Some parameters were then optimized, such as the reel radius, reel speed ratio, and reel rotational speed. After that, the soil removal mechanism was optimized for the soybeans with the low pods and easy-to-shovel soil, according to the statistical parameters of soybean grain size. Furthermore, a soybean threshing and separation device was designed for the easy threshing and breakage of soybeans at maturity. The arrangement and distribution of the arch teeth were also determined via the increasing characteristics of the second-order arithmetic sequence. The angle of the deflector was adjusted for the various input amount. The blade fan-combined screen cleaning device was designed to optimize the structural parameters of the fan and cleaning screen. The pneumatic grain unloading device was designed to optimize the vortex fan. The plot harvesting required the high soybean mixed seeding, particularly for the breeding plot with a small planting scale and many varieties, compared with the field production. Frequent seed cleaning was required after harvesting to reduce the missed and mixed seeding, according to the harvest requirements of the breeding area. An optimization mathematical model was established to develop the seed cleaning device, together with the objective function and constraint conditions. A numerical simulation was then carried out using MATLAB, in order to determine the structural parameters of the seed-cleaning device. A series of comparative experiments in field harvesting were conducted in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shandong province, and Hebei province of China. The better operating performance was achieved in the 4LZ-1.5 soybean combine harvester: the loss rate < 3.5%, broken rate < 1.5%, and impurity rate < 1%, fully meeting the soybean harvest requirements in most hilly areas. After harvest testing of 14 soybean varieties in a 3 m×6 m breeding plot, the test results were all achieved: the loss rate < 3.0%, broken rate < 1.5%, impurity rate < 1.0%, mixed seed rate < 0.2%, and the clearing time of 200-270 s, fully meeting the requirements of the harvesting operation indicators in the breeding plots. Compared with the existing soybean harvesting machinery, the harvest loss rate of 4LZ-1.5 soybean combine harvester was reduced by 1.5-5.0 percentage points, the broken rate was reduced by 3.5-6.5 percentage points, and the impurity rate was reduced by 2.0-7.0 percentage points. The findings can provide a strong reference for the structural optimization of operating parameters in soybean harvesters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Plug seedlings transplanting, which has comprehensive benefits including high and stable yield, climate compensation and improving land utilization, is an important part in the process of dry land crops production. At present, the crops, such as maize, sugar beet, rapeseed, cotton, tobacco and vegetables, apply dry land seedlings transplanting in China, with total planting area of nearly 50 million hm2 in 2014 which goes in advance in the world. At the same time, semi-automatic transplanting machine is the main equipment for dry land crops transplanting domestically, and the work of picking up and delivering seedlings is finished manually. It results in high-intensive labor and high producing cost. Aiming at some existing problems in China, such as low level of automation in vegetable transplanter and high rate of injuries during picking up and delivering seedlings, a system for picking up and delivering seedlings in automatic transplanter is designed in this paper. In this tester, step mechanism is used to realize the vertical and horizontal movement of plug seedlings, row type of seedlings pushing up mechanism and clamps are adopted to implement the work of pushing up and clamping plug seedlings, and seedlings catching, seedlings stirring up, seedlings delivering, seedling dropping mechanism, etc. are applied to finish the task of delivering plug seedling from bowl plate to transplant instruments. During the whole operation all actions of the system are finished through the programmable logic controller(PLC), which controls pneumatic cylinders and hydraulic motors. Theoretical analysis and MATLAB simulation have been done, and the results show optimum working pressures of 2 drive cylinders which drive seedlings pushing up mechanism and control the opening-closing of clamps’ clamping piece are 0.2-0.4 and 0.1-0.3 MPa respectively for pepper seedlings. In order to verify optimization results, single-factor experiment is carried out respectively. The results show that the optimal working pressure of the drive cylinder driving seedlings pushing up mechanism is 0.4 MPa and that of the drive cylinder controlling the opening-closing of clamps’ clamping piece is 0.25 MPa. The functional relationship among 3 parameters which are the frequency of picking up seedlings, the speed of delivering seedlings, and the forward speed of transplanting machine are obtained through theoretical analysis. Besides, levels of these 3 factors are optimized, the 4 groups of best combinations of the factors are achieved, and orthogonal experiment is conducted, in which experimental indices are missing ratio of seedling transplanting, seedling repeated planting ratio, seedling lodging ratio, and seedling damage ratio. Using an experimental automatic vegetable high-speed transplanting machine cooperatively developed by College of Mechanical Transportation of Xinjiang Agriculture University, the experiment is conducted in the farm of Regiment 22, Division 2 of Xinjiang construction Corps in Hejing County, Xinjiang. Pepper seedlings which come from the farm of Toudun river, Urumqi, Xinjiang serve as the test sample. The age of seedlings is 52 days, and their plant height is 142 mm. Through analysis on the experiment result, it reflects that the system achieves the best quality of seedlings picking up and delivering when the frequency of picking up seedlings is 7 times/min, the speed of delivering seedlings is 42 m/min, and the forward speed of transplanting machine is 20 m/min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]