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Objective To investigate the changes of serum hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B virus ribonucleic acid (HBV RNA), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase to platelet ratio (GPR) levels in patients with different stages of natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and the diagnostic value of combined detection in the staging of natural history of chronic HBV infection. Methods A total of 172 patients with chronic HBV infection who were not treated with antiviral therapy in the Third People’ s Hospital of Kunming from November 2020 to December 2023 were selected as the research objects. According to the process of HBV infection, they were divided into HBeAg-positive chronic HBV infection (EPI) group (n = 77), HBeAg-positive CHB (EPH) group (n = 42), HBeAg-negative chronic HBV infection (ENI) group (n = 26), HBeAg-negative CHB (ENH) group (n = 27). The differences of serum HBsAg, HBV RNA, GGT and GPR levels in each group were compared, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to explore the diagnostic value of combined detection of serum HBsAg, HBV RNA, GGT and GPR in EPH and ENH stages in the natural history of chronic HBV infection. Results There were significant differences in serum HBsAg, HBV RNA, GGT and GPR levels among the four groups (P < 0.05). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of combined detection of serum HBsAg, HBV RNA, GGT and GPR in the diagnosis of EPH and ENH was 0.869 and 0.836, respectively, and the sensitivity and specificity were 76.19%, 59.26% and 84.42%, 96.15%, respectively. Conclusion The combined detection of serum HBsAg, HBV RNA, GGT and GPR has high accuracy and low misdiagnosis rate in the diagnosis of natural history of chronic HBV infection, which is expected to replace the traditional invasive examination. It plays an important clinical significance in the accurate diagnosis and individualized treatment strategy of patients with a natural history of chronic HBV infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai University of Engineering Science / Shanghai Gongcheng Jishu Daxue Xuebao is the property of Journal of Shanghai University of Engineering Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food & Machinery is the property of Food & Machinery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Modern Food Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Office of Modern Food Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Synthetic Crystals is the property of Journal of Synthetic Crystals Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective　To analyze and study the genotyping and drug resistance mutation sites of hepatitis B patients with low viral load in Kunming，so as to determine the difficulty of clinical antiviral treatment for low viral load hepatitis B patients and formulate individualized antiviral precision medicine programs. Methods　A total of 1 452 chronic hepatitis B patients with low viral load （HBV DNA < 2.0×10³ IU/mL） were selected for hepatitis B typing and drug resistance gene loci detection. Results　The proportion of HBeAg-negative patients in the low-load hepatitis B population in Kunming was higher （59.5%），and the proportion of male patients （70.6%） was higher than that of female patients. The age distribution was mainly 30-60 years old （72.7%）. Genotyping The C genotype accounted for the highest proportion （61.8%）. Among the 1 452 low-load hepatitis B patients in Kunming area，a total of 37 patients were detected with drug-resistant mutation sites. The drug resistance rates of lamivudine and emtricitabine were consistent （ 1.6%），and the drug resistance rate of telbivudine was the same 1.2%，adefovir resistance rate was 0.9%，entecavir resistance rate was 0.2%，and tenofovir resistance mutation sites were not detected. In addition to drug resistance mutation sites，112 other mutation sites were also detected，among which S256G， S213T， N/H238T/D， Q215H had the highest detection rate， and the mutation site with the lowest detection rate was A194T. Conclusion　The hepatitis B genotype in Kunming is mainly C type，which indicates that the distribution of HBV genotype in this area has independent characteristics. The resistance rate of entecavir in patients with hepatitis B with low viral load in Kunming area was the lowest，and TDF resistance was not found，but their sensitivity to tenofovir dipivoxil decreased. There is still some controversy whether the detected other mutation sites are related to drug resistance，but the detection rate also has a certain proportion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective　To investigate the infection, immunity, and drug resistance of newly-treated HIV cases in Kunming. The clinical characteristics and virological characteristics were jointly analyzed, so as to provide a basis to determine the ease of treatment and individualized solutions for antiviral precision treatment. Method　The HIV-RNA, HCV-RNA, HBV-DNA, CD4 cell count, ALT, AST, Hb, PLT, ALB, HIV typing and resistance testing in 200 cases of newly-treated cases of HIV were detected before the therapy. Result　The mainly infection route of newly-treated cases of HIV in Kunming was the heterosexual transmission, accounting for 80.5%, and MSM people also occupied a certain proportion （6.5%）. Youth and seniors accounted for 25%. CD4 level was negatively correlated with viral load in newly-treated cases of HIV in Kunming （r = -0.58, P < 0.05）, and 83 cases of them suffered from the opportunistic concurrent infection. HIV subtype had the highest proportion with CRF08_BC subtype in newly-treated cases of HIV in Kunming (27.5%) . A total of 7 infected persons were detected resistance mutation sites in 200 newly-treated cases of HIV in Kunming. Primary resistance rate was 3.5%. Conclusion　New features of HIV spreading in Kunming have emerged. The route of transmission has changed from intravenous drug use to heterosexual transmission. Increasing proportion of MSM population, adolescents and the Elderly. HIV subtypes have unique distribution characteristics in Kunming. The overall immune status is low. Primary resistance rate is 3.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Effective correction of ASTER GDEM (advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer global digital elevation model) elevation error is of great significance to the quality and application of ASTER GDEM data. Terrain parameters such as slope and aspect derived from digital elevation model (DEM) data have a significant impact on the accuracy of the data. Therefore, the relationship model between the ASTER GDEM elevation error and each influencing factor can be constructed to effectively correct its elevation accuracy. Methods: Four geomorphological types of Changwu, Yijun, Ganquan and Yanchuan in the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi are selected. With 1∶50 000 DEM as reference data, after data preprocessing, the elevation error values and related topographic factors and the surface coverage index of each point are calculated, by extracting a certain number of sampling points and check points, a random forest regression algorithm is introduced to establish an elevation error prediction model to correct the elevation accuracy, and compared with multiple regression model. Results: ASTER GDEM elevation error characteristics are closely related to the terrain conditions; the contribution of each impact factor to the model is different in different areas; the random forest regression prediction model is better than the multiple regression model overall, and has good applicability and error correction effect. It can reduce the error mean of Changwu, Yijun, Ganquan and Yanchuan by 3.08 m, 3.00 m, 3.61 m and 6.95 m. Conclusions: This research is helpful to understand the ASTER GDEM elevation error characteristics and its influencing factors in different geomorphological areas of the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi. At the same time, suitable regression models can be selected for areas with different terrain conditions to effectively correct the error values, further improve the application accuracy of ASTER GDEM data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food & Machinery is the property of Food & Machinery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice is the property of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice (Editorial Board, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food & Machinery is the property of Food & Machinery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective　To explore the application value of viral load testing in diagnosing HIV antibody indeterminate cases. Methods　The COBAS TaqMan HIV-1 Test v2.0 and CD4 cell count in 102 cases of indeterminate HIV antibody from The Third People's Hospital of Kunming from January 2016 to December 2019 were detected in one week. Patients were followed up to get the blood samples again two to four weeks later for the retest by Western blotting （WB）. The results of the two methods were compared. Results　A total 102 cases of blood samples showed unclear WB test result， with 86 cases proved to be HIV positive by follow-up WB test， VL test results of 19 samples more than 20 IU/ml and 2 samples below detection limit 20 IU/ml. 16 cases got confirmed diagnosis of negative HIV antibody by follow-up WB test， and their VL were all TND. Conclusions　HIV antibody detection results can be identificated fastly and accurately by high precision detection of viral load. And the time for follow-up will be.shorten. The disease can be accurately judged early. The National Technical Specification for AIDS Testing（2015 Revision） also states that viral load testing as an effective auxiliary detection method for indeterminate samples of HIV antibody. High-precision detection of viral load is of great significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Kunming Medical University / Kunming Yike Daxue Xuebao is the property of Kunming Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To analyze the mutations and clinical significance of 10 genotypes associated with genotypes of HBV patients and HBV nucleoside(acid) analogues in Kunming. Methods A total of 2707 patients with chronic hepatitis B who were admitted to the Third People's Hospital of Kunming from May 2017 to March 2019 were enrolled. The Sanger sequencing method was used to treat the common nucleoside(acid) treatment of hepatitis B virus. Gene mutation sites were detected and analyzed for mutation patterns of different resistance. Results Type C accounted for 62.4% of The HBV genotypes in Kunming，fwllowed by 37.3% of type B，and 3.4% of type D. In the 2707 cases ， drug resistance mutations were found in a total of 274 patients(10.1%)，with a mutation rate of 10.12%. Among them， 168 patients developed lamivudine-resistant mutations， and the mutation rate was (6.20%). Drug-resistant mutation sites were mainly concentrated in rtM204V/I and rtL180M， telbivudine (5.68%) and emtricitabine (5.91%) followed by adefovir (1.07%) and entecavir (2.10%). No drug-resistant strains were found in tenofovir，which had the highest sensitivity(99.66%). Conclusion The distribution of HBV genotypes in this region has independent characteristics. As the first-line nucleoside(acid) therapeutic drugs， tenofovir or entecavir， with its highly resistant barrier， has broad application prospects in the treatment of hepatitis B. The use of gene sequencing for the detection of genotypes and drug-resistant mutation sites in patients with chronic hepatitis B is accurate and effective， and can better guide the clinical drug use， providing a powerful objective basis for a precise clinic practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Southern Agriculture is the property of Journal of Southern Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science / Zhongguo Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Society of Veterinary Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)