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In order to explore the hotspots and research trends of domestic research on biochar in tobacco agriculture in recent years, bibliometric methods were used to analyze papers about biochar application in tobacco planting research included in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The numbers, annual distribution, author information, publications and research content were statistically analyzed, and the CiteSpace V visualization software was used to predict and analyze research hotspots. The results showed that a total of 114 journal papers and 81 dissertations on the application of biochar to tobacco planting were retrieved, including 8 doctoral dissertations and 73 master’ s dissertations. The institution with the most research in China was Henan Agricultural University, and Liu Guoshun was the scholar with the most published papers. Domestic research on tobacco biochar still lacked a stable core author group, and the number of core authors was small. Tobacco biochar application hotspots focused on tobacco quality, chemical composition and tobacco-growing soil. In recent years, research hotspots tended to be on the effects of biochar on soil microbial communities and heavy metals in tobacco leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to explore the metabolic differences between the local flue-cured tobacco variety Jiucaiping 2 selected by the Bijie Tobacco Company and the control variety Yunyan 87 planted in the Bijie area, lay the foundation for further revealing the molecular mechanism of the aroma style characteristics of Jiucaiping 2 tobacco leaves, and provide theoretical basis for the promotion and application of this variety. [Method]Taking Yunyan 87 as the reference material, the metabolome analysis of Yunyau 87 and Jiucaiping 2 fresh tobacco leaves from three tobacco leaf production areas ( Dayi, Kele, Tiejiaug) in Hezhaug county, Bijie city was carried out by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. [ Result] A total of 1880 peaks were detected in the tobacco samples, and principal component analysis showed significant metabolic differences between Jiucaiping 2 and Yunyan 87 in three tobacco producing regions. Metabolite difference analysis was performed with difference multiple greater than 2 and the P < 0. 05 oft-test as the standard. The order of ion quantity differences among different production areas was Dayi > Kele > Tiejiaug. At the same time, it was identified that 46 ion peaks had au increased accumulation in Jiucaiping 2 from three production areas, while 49 ion peaks had a decreased accumulation in Jiucaiping 2 from three production areas. A flavonoid metabolite M_9637[luteolin 7-(6'-malonylglucoside) ]was further identified among the peaks with increased accumulation in Jiucaiping 2. Widely-targeted metabolic analysis of phenolic acids and flavonoids in two tobacco varieties revealed an increasing trend of accumulation of two types of flavonoids (isorhamnetin and quercetin) in Jiucaiping 2. The analysis of nomicotine and nicotine showed that both metabolites tended to accumulate and decrease in Jiucaiping 2. [Conclusion] In the study, the comparative analysis of the metabolites of Jiucaiping 2 and Yunyan 87 in three tobacco producing areas found that the metabolism of flavonoids in Jiucaiping 2 was higher than that of Yunyan 87, and the metabolism of nicotine was lower than that of Yunyau 87. The differences in the accumulation of the above two types of substances may be the basis for the formation of the aroma style characteristics of Jiucaiping 2 tobacco leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the correlation and risk factors between vitamin A (VA) and vitamin E (VE) levels and recurrent respiratory tract infection (RRI) in children. Methods: 318 RRI children diagnosed and treated in our hospital from January 2017 to October 2019 were selected, 285 healthy children were selected as control group at the same time. The expressions of VA and VE in each group were compared and the risk factors of RRI in children were analyzed. Results: The VA and VE leVEls in RRI group were lower than those in the control group, and the VA and VE deficiency rates were higher than those in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). VA and VE levels of children aged 1-3 years old were higher than those of 3-6 years old group and higher than those of >6 years old group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in sex and birth weight between control group and RRI group (P>0.05). The rates of natural delivery and breast feeding in RRI group were lower than those in the control group, and the rates of partial diet, allergic constitution, antibiotic abuse, per capita living area < 13 m2, mother's cultural high school and below were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that premature birth, partial diet, allergic constitution, passiVE smoking, antibiotic abuse and per capita living area <13 m2 were independent risk factors for RRI, while VA, VE, natural childbirth, breast feeding and mother's educational level were protective factors for RRI. Conclusion: The levels of VA and VE in RRI children are relatively low, and the occurrence of RRI is related to various risk factors. Therefore, clinical prevention and intervention should be targeted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the protective effects of exogenous estrogen on bone tissue in a postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) rat mode, as well as the effect on the expression of NFATc1. Methods：The 12 weeks Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, OVX group, and OVX+E2 group and 10 rats in each group. In the OVX+E2 group, 17β-E2 was injected subcutaneously and the other two groups were given the same volume of normal saline. After 16 weeks, the serum E2 level was determined by ELISA, the expression of NFATc1 in bone tissue were measured by RT-PCR, the bone mineral density （ＢＭＤ）, the fraction of bone tissues （ＢＶ/ＴＶ）, the thickness of the trabecular bone （Tb.Th） and number of trabecular bone （Tb.N） were measured using Micro-CT analysis. Results：The OVX+E2 group and sham operation group compared with the OVX group, the levels of BMD, BV/TV, Tb.Th, Tb.N and serum E2 were significantly increased, the level of NFATc1 were significantly decreased (P＜0.05). Conclusions：Estrogen may prevent bone loss by decreasing NFATc1 expression in OVX rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effects of oestradiol on the Wnt signaling pathway in the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of ovariectomized female Wistar rats, so as to explore the protective effect of estrogen on the central nervous system. Methods：Sixty female Wistar rats aged three months were randomly and equally divided as follows: sham operation group (ｗｉｔｈｏｕｔ ｏｖａｒｉｅｃｔｏｍｙ), model group (ovariectomy), estrogentreated group [ovariectomy and estrogen replacement, 17β-estrogen, s.c. 300 μg/(ｋｇ·ｄ)]. All rats were developed the model of MCAO with the previous protocol. The brain infarction area was measured with the TTC staining. The expressions of APC and β -catenin were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and western blot. Results：The estrogen-treated group had significantly less infarct volume than the model group [(255.43±51.43) mm3 versus (490.75±93.38) mm3 , t=5.565, P=0.001]. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that model group had an increased expression of APC compared with sham operation group and estrogen -treated group (Ｐ <０.０５). The protein expression of β -catenin 24 h after MCAO in the cerebral cortex of estrogen -treated group was significantly increased compared with model group (Ｐ<０.０５), and there was no significant difference compared with sham operation group(Ｐ>０.０５). Western blotting analysis showed that the expression of APC was decreased in cortex of the estrogen-treated group, and that the expression of β-catenin was increased, when compared with the model group (Ｐ<０.０５). Conclusions：Exogenous oestradiol decreased the APC level, and activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, in the cortex of MCAO brain damage in those ovariectomized female rats, suggesting that the hormone replacement therapy plays a protective effect in the central nervous system of brain blood supply insufficiency [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]