In order to investigate the effects environmental factors on characteristics of tea garden soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents and their ecological stoichiometric, soil samples were collected from the 0 ~ 20 cm soil layers of main tea gardens different with altitudes and planting years in Jiangxi Province, which were used to determine soil SOC, TN and TP contents and calculate stoichiometric ratios. The results show these as follows. The average contents of soil SOC and TN in tea garden were 13. 84 g / kg and 1. 37 g / kg, respectively, which were higher than the average level of national soil and reached the fertility standard of grade-I tea garden. The average content of soil TP was 0. 47 g / kg, which was lower than the average level of national soil and reached the fertility standard of grade-II tea garden. The mean values of soil C∶N, C∶P and N∶P were 10. 97, 32. 61 and 3. 49, respectively, which were lower than the average level of national soil. It showed that soil phosphorus had high availability, while soil nitrogen was relatively deficient. With the increase of altitude, soil SOC content, C∶N, and C∶P showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, while soil TN content, TP content, and N∶P showed no obvious change. With the increase of planting years, soil SOC content, TN content and C ∶P all showed an increasing trend. Soil N∶P showed a trend of first increase and then decrease, and soil C∶N showed a trend of first decrease and then increase, while the of soil TP content was not obvious. These results can provide reference for judgment of nutrient-limited elements and scientific management of tea gardens in Jiangxi. It is suggested that nitrogen fertilizer should be appropriately applied to tea gardens to maintain the balance of nitrogen and phosphorus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]