This study employs previous research results and the definition of urbanization to construct a preliminary population urbanization index system and a land urbanization index system based on 13 prefecture-level cities in Hunan province, China. A coupling coordination model is used to measure the population and land urbanization index from 2005– 2017, as well as the coupling degree and coordinated development degree of the two indexes. According to the time series analysis, the population urbanization level and land urbanization level of the 13 cities exhibited an upward trend. This trend shows two stages: (1) from 2005 to 2009, coordinated development is observed between land urbanization and population urbanization; (2) since 2010, the land urbanization index increased sharply, whereas the population urbanization index exhibited steady growth, representing an uncoordinated development trend. According to the spatial sequence analysis, a large difference is observed in the urbanization quality of the five major urban agglomerations in Hunan province. That is, the coupling degree of urbanization quality is relatively high in Changsha, Zhuzhou, and Xiangtan, whereas the urbanization level and coupling degree of urbanization development quality of the Daxiangxi-Loushao area is low. These results are used to propose references and measures for the future urbanization coordination of prefecture-level cities in Hunan province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]