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BACKGROUND: Periprosthetic osteolysis is the most common long-term complication of total joint arthroplasty. Many studies suggest that the inflammasome may play an important role during the osteolysis. Melatonin is a rhythm-regulated hormone secreted by the pineal gland with many functions including antiinflammatory, anti-oxidation, and antitumor, but its effects on osteolysis and inflammasome have yet to be explored. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of melatonin on the osteolysis induced by wear particles and the role of melatonin on the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. METHODS: (1) In vivo test: Fifteen C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into sham operation group, osteolysis group and melatonin group by random number table method, with 5 mice in each group. The osteolysis model of the osteolysis group and the melatonin group was established by injecting cobalt-chromiummolybdenum (CoCrMo) particles into the sagittal suture of the skull. After injection, the melatonin group was intraperitoneally injected with 50 mg/(kg•d) of melatonin for 14 consecutive days. After drug intervention, the mouse calvarium was collected for micro-CT analysis to observe the micro-structural changes around the sagittal suture. (2) In vitro test: Mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages and THP-1 cells (which had been induced to differentiate into macrophages) were taken and divided into seven groups: normal group, lipopolysaccharide group, lipopolysaccharide+CoCrMo group and melatonin 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 mmol/L groups (lipopolysaccharide and CoCrMo were added to the melatonin intervention groups). After the intervention for 6 hours, the expression of related proteins (NLRP3, Caspase-1, interleukin-1β, and gasdermin D, gasdermin D-N terminal) in the inflammasome of cell lysate or cell culture supernatant was detected by western blot assay. Cytotoxicity and cell death were observed through lactate dehydrogenase release and live-dead fluorescence staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In vivo test: Micro-CT scanning 3D reconstruction images showed that the bone mass around the sagittal suture of the skull of mice in the osteolysis group was significantly reduced, and the bone tissue structure was severely damaged. Compared with the osteolysis group, the bone mass around the sagittal suture of the skull in the melatonin group was significantly increased, and the destruction of tissue structure was reduced. (2) In vitro test: For mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages, lipopolysaccharide significantly up-regulated NLRP3 protein expression in cell lysate, and melatonin intervention could reduce NLRP3 protein expression in a dose-dependent manner. CoCrMo particles significantly up-regulated the protein expressions of the gasdermin D-N terminal in cell lysate and Caspase-1 and interleukin-1β in the supernatant of cell culture, while melatonin intervention could reduce the expression of these proteins in a dose-dependent manner. For THP-1 cells, the protein expressions of Caspase-1 and interleukin-1β in the supernatant of cell culture were significantly up-regulated by CoCrMo particles, and the expression of these proteins was decreased dose-dependent by melatonin intervention. Lactate dehydrogenase release and live-dead fluorescence staining showed that CoCrMo particles significantly increased the release of lactate dehydrogenase and cell death in the supernatant of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophage culture, and melatonin intervention could reduce the release of lactate dehydrogenase and cell death. (3) The results show that melatonin can inhibit particle-induced inflammasome activation and pyroptosis to suppress periprosthetic osteolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the effects of rhizospheric NaCl concentration on the morphology and physiology of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. and determine the suitable NaCl concentration for it’s hydroponic cultivation in plant factories, providing references for production management.【Method】Crystal M. crystallinum L. seeds were used as material, and the Japanese garden general formula was selected for cultivation in nutrient solution under artificial light. With no NaCl added as the control (CK), NaCl was added to the final concentration of 3 g/L (T1), 6 g/L (T2), 9 g/L (T3), 12 g/L (T4), respectively. After 21 days of NaCl treatment, the morphological and physiological indicators were analyzed, and the proportion of epidermal salt vacuole area and the number of epidermal salt vacuoles were counted, so as to analyze the relationship between NaCl concentration and the morphology and physiology of M. crystallinum L..【Result】From the perspective of morphological indicators and biomass, there were no significant differences in plant height, stem thickness, leaf area, root fresh weight and shoot fresh weight compared to the CK when M. crystallinum L. was grown in a nutrient solution with a NaCl concentration of 3 g/L. In the nutrient solution with a NaCl concentration of 6 g/L, M. crystallinum L. showed significantly increased in plant height, root fresh weight and shoot fresh weight compared to the CK, indicating a certain promotion effect on the growth of M. crystallinum L.. However, in the nutrient solutions with NaCl concentrations of 9 g/L and 12 g/L, M. crystallinum L. exhibited a decreasing trend in plant height, stem thickness, leaf area, and shoot fresh weight with significant differences compared to the CK. This suggests that the growth of M. crystallinum L. is inhibited in nutrient solutions with NaCl concentrations of 9 g/L and 12 g/L. In terms of physiological indicators, the protein content, soluble sugar content, and chlorophyll SPAD value of M. crystallinum L. increased with increasing NaCl concentration, reaching the highest levels in the nutrient solution with a NaCl concentration of 12 g/L, with increases of 50.2%, 119.5%, and 77.9% compared to the CK, respectively. Regarding the epidermal salt vacuole indicators, both the proportion of epidermal salt vacuole area and the number of epidermal salt vacuoles increased with increasing NaCl concentration, reaching the maximum values in the nutrient solution with a NaCl concentration of 12 g/L, with increases of 54.9% and 182.1% compared to the CK, respectively.【Conclusion】The optimal NaCl concentration for hydroponic cultivation of M. crystallinum L. in plant factories falls within the range of 3-6 g/L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Type C distal radius fractures are often treated with external fixation. However, some patients still have undesirable symptoms such as delayed fracture healing and slow growth of callus. How to promote fracture healing and recovery of wrist joint function after surgery is of great significance. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of mid-frequency pulse therapy combined with external fixator on type C distal radius fracture and its influence on oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators. METHODS: Clinical data of 86 patients with type C distal radius fracture admitted in Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital from January to December 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were divided into two groups according to different treatment methods: external fixation group (n=41 cases) and combined group (mid-frequency pulse therapy combined with external fixation treatment, n=45 cases). The clinical effect of different treatment methods was observed, and the changes of serum inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress indexes before and 4 weeks after treatment were compared between the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The quantitative score of callus in the combined group was higher than that in the external fixation group, and the visual analogue scale score and Gartland-Werley score were lower than that in the external fixation group (P < 0.05). (2) At 4 weeks after treatment, malondialdehyde and advanced oxidation protein product levels decreased, and the level in the combined group was lower than that in the external fixation group (P < 0.05). The level of antioxidant glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase levels increased; the level in the combined group was higher than that in the external fixation group (P < 0.05). (3) At 4 weeks after treatment, the levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1 β in the serum of the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05), and the levels in the combined group were lower than those in the external fixation group (P < 0.05). (4) It is concluded that mid-frequency pulse therapy combined with external fixator can promote the healing of type C distal radius fracture and the functional recovery of wrist joint, reduce postoperative inflammation and oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effect of three pull method of spine combined with celecoxib on the activity of thoracolumbar vertebrae and the signal pathway of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) / Cell signal transducer (Smad) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods: From July 2016 to December 2018, 150 patients with AS in our hospital were selcted, they were randomly divided into three groups: group A (n=50, treated with spine triple pull method), group B (n=50, treated with celecoxib) and group C (n=50, treated with spine triple pull method combined with celecoxib). The efficacy, thoracolumbar activity, BMP/Smad signal pathway related indicators and adverse reactions of the three groups were compared. Results: The total clinical effective rate of group C was 94.00% (47/50), which was higher than that of group A 66.00% (33/50) and group B 72.00% (36/50) (P<0.05). 6 months after treatment, the activity of lumbar vertebrae and thorax in group C were higher than those in group A and group B (P<0.05), and the distance between fingers and ground were shorter than that in group A and group B (P<0.05). 6 months after treatment, BMP-Ⅰrecipient, BMP-Ⅱrecipient, Smad1 and Smad4 in group C were lower than those in group A and group B (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the total incidence of adverse reactions among the three groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: The three pull method of spine combined with celecoxib in the treatment of patients with AS, the effect is significant, it can effectively improve the thoracolumbar activity, and does not increase the incidence of adverse reactions, the specific mechanism may be through the regulation of BMP/Smad signal pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To discuss the curative effect of zoledronic acid (ZA) combined with parathyroid hormone (PTH) and percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) on osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures in elderly patients and its influence on bone mineral density and bone metabolism. Methods 95 cases of elderly patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures were divided into treatment group and control group at random. Patients in the two groups received PVP treatment，and patients in the treatment group were additionally given ZA combined with PTH after operation. The visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index score (ODI) were recorded before and after 6 courses of treatment. Bone mineral density，serum bone gla protein (BGP) and β-collagen degradation products (β-CrossLaps) were assessed before and after 6 courses of treatment. The curative effect，bone density and bone metabolism of patients in the two groups were compared，and the adverse drug reactions were observed as well. Results The VAS and ODI scores of patients in the two groups after 6 courses of treatment were all improved compared with before treatment (P < 0.05)，and the scores of patients in the treatment group was much lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Serum BGP and β-CrossLaps changed significantly compared with before operation (P < 0.05) ，and all index were better than the control group (P < 0.05) . There were no significant changes in patients in the control group after treatment (P > 0.05) . There were no significant differences between the two groups on the incidence of adverse drug reactions (P > 0.05) . Conclusion The application of ZA combined with PTH and PVP had favorable curative effect on osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures in elderly patients，and could improve bone density，could change the serum levels of BGP and β-CrossLaps， and is suitable for wider clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The paper provides references for the prevention of heavy metal pollution and the protection of cultivated soil environ- ment through exploring the content characteristics and the risk of heavy metals elements of paddy soil in Chongqing. 【Method】230 paddy soil samples were collected from 7 major and typical rice-growing regions in Chongqing, and the pH and the content of 5 heavy metal elements in- cluding Cd, Hg, As, Pb and Cr in paddy soil samples were analyzed. The Nemero pollution index evaluation method and the land accumula- tion index evaluation method were used to analyze the degree of pollution, and compared with the background value of heavy metals in Chongqing soil and the risk screening value of agricultural land soil. The characteristics of heavy metal pollution in Chongqing paddy soil were analyzed and evaluated. Then, the possible sources of heavy metal pollution in soil were explored through Pearson correlation analysis and cluster analysis. 【Result】 The average contents of Pb, Cd, Cr, As and Hg in the paddy soil of the research area were 25.4, 0.312, 66. 8, 4.71 and 0.0827 mg/kg, respectively. Through the analysis of single factor pollution index and Nemero pollution index evaluation methods, 19.57% of the paddy soil sites in the study area were in the state of Cd light pollution, 0.43% was in the state of Hg medium pol- lution, and the remaining points were in the state of no pollution. According to Geo-accumulation index, the paddy soil was lightly polluted by Cd, while the remaining heavy metal elements were at a non-polluted level. However, there were very few soils with extremely high ground accumulation index of Hg (4.03, belonging to the level of strong to extremely strong pollution). It was found that the content of Cd and Hg elements exceeded the background value of Chongqing soil, 2. 84 times and 1.38 times of the background value, respectively, with a cumulative effect; The content of Pb, Cr, As elements was slightly lower than the background value of Chongqing soil, and there was basi- cally no enrichment. The average content of heavy metals in the surveyed paddy soil was lower than the corresponding agricultural land soil risk screening value. Correlation and cluster analysis showed that heavy metal pollution mainly originated from soil formation processes and human factors. [Conclusion] The paddy soil in Chongqing is generally in a clean state, but there is a risk of Cd and Hg contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Suppressor of Zeste 12 (Suz12) can participate in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of tubular epithelial cells. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Suz12 on the progression of diabetic nephropathy and its related mechanism. METHODS: (1) Cell experiment: Rat renal tubular epithelial cells were set as normal control group (glucose 5.5 mmol/L), high glucose group (glucose 30 mmol/L), and hypertonic group (glucose 5.5 mmol/L+mannitol 24.5 mmol/L). After transfection of 100 nmol/L Suz12 small interfering RNA (siRNA) and its negative control (NC siRNA) into renal tubular epithelial cells cultured in high glucose, western blot, cell counting kit-8, and flow cytometry were used to detect the protein expression of type IV collagen, Suz12, α-smooth muscle actin, and E-cadherin, cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. Subsequently, chromatin immunoprecipitation was used to detect the binding of Suz12 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP3). The inhibition of TIMP3 expression is associated with the increase of trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone 3 (H3K27me). Methylation-specific PCR method was used to detect the methylation level of TIMP3 histone H3K27me3. Renal tubular epithelial cells were treated with Wnt/β-catenin pathway activator TDZD-8 (10 μmol/L; 1 hour) to verify whether the activation of Wnt pathway influences the effects of Suz12 on cell injury. (2) Animal experiment: A diabetic rat model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin, and then 0.1 mL of PBS solution containing 3×108 PFU empty adenovirus vector (NC siRNA) or Suz12 siRNA adenovirus (Suz12 siRNA) was injected through the tail vein. After the experiment, serum, urine, and kidney tissues were collected, and the contents of blood glucose, serum creatinine, urinary nitrogen and total urinary protein were detected by an automatic biochemical analyzer. Hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining were used to observe the renal histomorphological changes. Western blot assay was used to detect the expressions of related proteins in kidney tissues. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the normal control group, the expression levels of Suz12, type IV collagen, α-smooth muscle actin in the renal tubular epithelial cells were significantly increased, E-cadherin expression was decreased, cell proliferation was decreased, and the apoptotic rate was increased in the high glucose group, whilst transfection of Suz12 siRNA could reverse the damage of high glucose treatment to the renal tubular epithelial cells. Compared with the high glucose+Suz12 siRNA group, TDZD-8 treatment could reverse the effects of Suz12 knockdown on type IV collagen, α-smooth muscle actin, E-cadherin and Wnt pathway related protein expression levels, cell proliferation and apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells. Suz12 could specifically bind to TIMP3 protein, indicating that TIMP3 is modified by H3K27me3, and knockdown of Suz12 reduced the level of TIMP3 methylation in high glucose-stimulated renal tubular epithelial cells. Compared with the diabetic model group, serum glucose, serum creatinine, urinary nitrogen, and urinary total protein contents were significantly decreased, renal histopathological changes and fibrous hyperplasia were alleviated, and Suz12, collagen 4, α-smooth muscle actin, E-cadherin and Wnt pathway related protein expression levels were significantly decreased in the diabetic model+Suz12 siRNA group. The above results indicate that Suz12 may be involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy by promoting the methylation of TIMP3 in diabetic rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective:To observe the efficacy of triple regimen of tacrolimus combined with low--dose glucocorticoid and low-dose sirolimus in treatment of children with steroid -resistant nephrotic syndrome. Methods: Sixty children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome admitted for treatment in the Hainan Women and Childrens Medical Center from January 2018 to January 2019 were selected as study subjects, and were randomly divided into the triple regimen group and the double regimen group, each consisting of 30 patients. The patients in the triple regimen group received tacrolimus combined with low-dose glucocorticoid and low-dose sirolimus, while the patients in the double regimen group just received tacrolimus combined with low - dose glucocorticoid. After 3,6 and 12 months of treatment, renal function, blood lipid levels and therapeutic effects were observed and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and relapse in 2 years were compared between the 2 groups. Results: No statistical significance could be seen in glomerular filtration rate, corrected creatinine clearance (CCr), 24 h urine protein and total cholesterol, when comparisons were made between the 2 groups before treatment and 3 months after treatment (P>0. 05). After 6 and 12 months of treatment, the total cholesterol and 24 h urine protein in the triple regimen group were lower than those in the double regimen group, and the glomerular filtration rate and CCr in the former were higher than those in the latter, with statistical significance (PC0.05). After 6 months of treatment, there was no statistical significance in the total remission rate, when comparisons were made between the two groups (93.33% vs 80.00% f PO.05). After 12 months of treatment, the remission rate of the triple regimen group was significantly higher than that of the double regimen group (90.OCM vs 66.67%, 0.05). During treatment, there was no statistical significance in the rate of ADRs, when comparisons were made between the two groups (P>0. 05). The 2-year relapse rate of the triple regimen group was significantly lower than that of the double regimen group (10.0(M vs 36.67%, P

目的 探讨醒脑静联合门冬氨酸鸟氨酸治疗急性酒精中毒的临床效果。方法 选取 2020 年 5 至 2021 年 5 月中国人民解放军中部战区总医院急诊科收治的 116 例急性酒精中毒患者, 按照治疗方法分为对 照组和观察组, 每组 56 例。比较 2 组治疗有效率及血清谷草转氨酶 (ALT)、谷丙转氨酶 (AST) 水平。 结果 观察组治疗有效率高于对照组, 差异有统计学意义 (P <0.05)。2 组治疗前血清 ALT、AST 水平比较, 差异无统计学意义 (P >0.05)。治疗后, 2 组血清 ALT、AST 水平低于治疗前, 且观察组低于对照组, 差异有统 计学意义 (P <0.05)。结论 醒脑静联合门冬氨酸鸟氨酸能有效缩短急性酒精中毒患者昏迷时间, 降低患者血 清转氨酶水平, 提高治疗效果。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the protective effects of apigenin against the cell injury of schwann cells cultured with high glucose so as to provide preliminary experimental basis for treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy by apigenin. Methods RSC96 cells were primarily cultured and randomly divided into three groups respectively treated with 5.6mmol/L glucose as the control group; with 50mmol /L glucose as high glucose (HG) group; and with HG in the presence of 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0μmol/L apigenin as Api group. Cell viability of RSC96 cells was detected by CCK-8 assay. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The effects of apigenin on the expression levels of NGF and TNF-α in RSC96 cells cultured with high glucose were detected by ELISA assay. The protein and mRNA expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax, NF-κB, p-NF-κB, and NF-κB were examined by Western blotting and qRT-PCR. Results Compared with that of HG group, apigenin at low concentrations (≤1.0μmol/L) significantly increased cell viability in the dose-dependent manner (P<0.05), but apigenin of 10.0μmol/L had no obvious effect on cell viability of high glucose-induced RSC96 cells; apigenin of 1.0μmol/L remarkably inhibited high glucose-induced RSC96 cell apoptosis. Apigenin remarkably increased the protein and mRNA expression levels of Bcl-2 in glucose-induced RSC96 cells (P<0.05), but decreased the Bax protein and mRNA expression levels (P< 0.05). Moreover, apigenin significantly increased the NGF expression level, and decreased TNF-α expression (P< 0.05). In addition, apigenin notably suppressed the phosphorylation level of NF-κB (P<0.05). Conclusion Apigenin can increase cell viability, inhibit cell apoptosis, and regulate the expression levels of NGF and TNF-α in high glucose-induced schwann cells. Its potential mechanism is possibly related with inhibiting NF-κB signal pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the correlation of NGF protein and prostate F2琢receptor in the adenomyosis dysmenorrhea. Methods: 36 cases of uterine adenomyosis dysmenorrhea patients who received therapy from July 2016 to July 2016 in our hospital were treated, according to the visual analogue scale (VAS) score, those patients were divided into 11 cases in the mild groups, 14 cases in the moderate groups and 11 cases in the severe groups. In the same period, 36 patients were selected as the control group. The serum levels of NGF protein and plasma PTGFR were compared between different groups, and the correlation between them and dysmenorrhea score as well as the sensitivity, specificity and area under the ROC curve for the diagnosis of dysmenorrhea in adenomyosis when detected alone or in combination were analyzed. Results: The levels of serum NGF protein and plasma PTFFR in the dysmenorrhea group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The levels of serum NGF protein and plasma PTFFR in the mild dysmenorrhea group were significantly lower than those in the moderate group, and lower than the severe group (P<0.05). Serum levels of NGF protein and plasma PTFFR were significantly positively correlated with uterine adenomyosis dysmenorrhea scores, r were 0.812, 0.884(P<0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve of serum NGF protein combined with plasma PTFFR protein in the diagnosis of adenomyosis was significantly greater than that of serum NFG protein and plasma PTFFR (P<0.05). Conclusion: NGF protein and PTFFR may be involved in the occurrence and development of dysmenorrhea in adenomyosis. Combined detection of NGF protein and PTFFR may help to diagnose THE dysmenorrhea of adenomyosis. Serum levels of NGF protein and plasma PTGFR protein were positively correlated with the uterine adenomyosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]