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The treatment regimen and prognosis of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have been changing rapidly in recent years with the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) after the era of cytokine therapy and targeted therapy such as tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). In the current situation where many effective drug therapies, especially TKIs, are available, it is important to carefully determine the timing and indications for nephrectomy for advanced RCC. On the other hand, data on the indications, timing, and safety of nephrectomy in the ICI era are still few and unclear. The number of cases in which nephrectomy is not appropriate or when to perform nephrectomy is expected to increase in the future. In this symposium, we mainly discussed the evolution of nephrectomy and then outlined the significance of nephrectomy in the era of ICI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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