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Copyright of Journal of Railway Science & Engineering is the property of Journal of Railway Science & Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Ceramics / Taoci Xuebao is the property of Journal of Ceramics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electric Drive for Locomotives is the property of Electric Drive for Locomotives Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Refractories / Naihuo Cailiao is the property of Naihuo Cailia (Refractories) Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Warming of the climate and changes in precipitation patterns are major manifestations of climate change and abiotic factors affecting soil respiration. Authors presents a systematic analysis of recent research advances on the effects and mechanisms of temperature and moisture on soil respiration. The results show that:（1）there is positive feedback between soil respiration and climate warming, but the temperature adaptation weakens this positive feedback. The effect of temperature on soil respiration varies spatially and temporally due to the different duration of warming and soil carbon storage. The main mechanisms of soil respiration adaptation to temperature include soil microbial adaptation, substrate depletion and soil mineral activation（. 2）The effect of precipitation on soil respiration depends on the initial soil water content. When soil water content is lower than the wilting factor, precipitation not only increases soil water content but also promotes soil respiration, reaching a maximum when soil water content is close to the field holding capacity, while soil respiration is inhibited when soil water content reaches saturation value. The main mechanisms by which water affects soil respiration are substitution and blocking effects, substrate supply, microbial stress and root response. （3）The coupling of soil respiration with soil temperature and moisture depends on the ratio of soil water and heat factors. When soil temperature becomes a stress factor, the stimulating effect of increasing soil water content induced by precipitation on soil respiration is suppressed by the negative effect of low temperature. When soil moisture becomes a stress factor, the promoting effect of increased soil temperature due to climate warming on soil respiration is counteracted by the negative impact of drought. The interaction between soil temperature and moisture should be fully considered when studying soil respiration. In order to understand the disturbance factors of soil carbon emissions in terrestrial ecosystems, this paper proposes that future research on the relationship between soil respiration and the environment under climate change. Firstly, strengthen the research on the effects of multi-factor interaction on soil respiration and quantify the soil respiration components. Secondly, continue to pay attention to the characteristics of soil respiration in response to initial soil temperature and temperature fluctuations, and to explore the effects of biodiversity or community structure composition on soil respiration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Chongqing University of Technology (Natural Science) is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Refractories / Naihuo Cailiao is the property of Naihuo Cailia (Refractories) Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society is the property of Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Materials Engineering / Cailiao Gongcheng is the property of Journal of Materials Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: There are still many controversies about how to implant the tibiofibular joint screw. With the gradual development of computer technology, finite element method has been continuously applied in the field of orthopedics, and the reliability of this technology has been greatly improved. OBJECTIVE: To study the biomechanical characteristics of different angle fixation of the tibiofibular syndesmosis with a single tibiofibular syndesmosis screw by establishing a three-dimensional finite element model of the ankle joint. METHODS: Based on the CT image, Mimics software and Geomagic Studio software were used to establish the ankle joint model and verify its validity. The model was imported into Solidworks software. The finite element model of fixing the inferior tibiofibular joints with screws at six different angles (Model a: 15° forward, 10° upward, model b: 15° forward, 15° upward, model c: 15° forward, 20° upward, model d: 25° forward, 10° upward, model e : 25° forward, 15° upward, model f: 25° forward, 20° upward) was established to simulate the force mode of the ankle joint when the human body stood on one foot in neutral position. The maximum stress distribution and the maximum displacement of screws with different angle fixing methods were compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Under internal rotation and external rotation loads, the maximum stress point of the screw was between the tibia and fibula near the tibia. Under internal rotation load, the maximum stresses of models a, b, c, d, e, and f were 53.38, 52.05, 52.63, 54.39, 53.85, and 52.83 MPa, respectively. Under external rotation load, the maximum stresses of models a, b, c, d, e, and f screw were 73.75, 71.62, 66.81, 77.96, 75.31, and 74.60 MPa, respectively. (2) Under internal rotation load, the maximum displacements of models a, b, c, d, e, and f were 3.27, 3.25, 3.2, 2.83, 2.99, and 2.98 mm, respectively. Under external rotation load, the maximum displacements of models a, b, c, d, e, and f screw were 2.69, 2.71, 2.75, 2.41, 2.53, and 2.55 mm. (3) In conclusion, under internal and external rotation loads, the screw position is fixed at an angle of 25° forward for greater stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Refractories / Naihuo Cailiao is the property of Naihuo Cailia (Refractories) Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: The lower tibiofibular ligament plays a great role in maintaining the stability of the ankle. Now more and more scholars begin to pay attention to the biomechanical research of the lower tibiofibular ligament, but there are few reports on the biomechanical research of the lower tibiofibular anterior ligament, interosseous ligament, lower tibiofibular posterior ligament, and transverse ligament alone. OBJECTIVE: To establish a three-dimensional finite element simulation model of ankle joint including lower tibiofibular ligament, distal tibiofibula, and talus and study the effect of lower tibiofibular ligament on ankle joint stability. METHODS: Based on the image information of computed tomography, combined with Mimics software and Geomagic Studio software, the ankle joint simulation model including tibia, fibula, talus, and some cartilages was established, and then the model was imported into the finite element analysis software Abaqus, so as to construct the three-dimensional finite element model of ankle joint including ligament and other soft tissues. Finally, the specific changes of stress distribution and displacement of anterior tibiofibular ligament, interosseous ligament, posterior tibiofibular ligament, and transverse ligament under four different types of stress environments were simulated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The posterior tibiofibular ligament was the most stressed under internal rotation load. Under external rotation load, the stress of transverse tibiofibular ligament was the largest, followed by anterior tibiofibular ligament. Under vertical + internal rotation load, the stress of posterior tibiofibular ligament was the largest, but the maximum stress value increased compared with simple internal rotation load. Under the vertical + external rotation load, the stress of the lower tibiofibular transverse ligament was the largest, followed by the lower tibiofibular anterior ligament, but the maximum stress value increased compared with the simple external rotation load. (2) It is concluded that posterior tibiofibular ligament plays a prominent role in preventing ankle pronation injury. The lower tibiofibular transverse ligament and anterior ligament play a prominent role in preventing ankle external rotation injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Railway Science & Engineering is the property of Journal of Railway Science & Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Mechanical Engineering is the property of Editorial Board of China Mechanical Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lubrication Engineering (0254-0150) is the property of Editorial Office of LUBRICATION ENGINEERING and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Railway Standard Design is the property of Railway Standard Design Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society is the property of Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electric Power Automation Equipment / Dianli Zidonghua Shebei is the property of Electric Power Automation Equipment Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To study the effect of simvastatin combined with estradiol on osteoporosis in rats. Methods Seventy-five female SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups; sham operation group, castration group, simvastatin group, estradiol group, and combined drug group, with 15 rats in each group. Ovariectomized rat osteoporosis model was established. Different drug intervention was applied. Bone metabolism related biochemical indicators and bone biomechanical indicators were delected. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were determined. Bone morphological structure was observed with HE staining. Results The biochemical parameters of serum bone metabolism (ALP, BGP, PICP, TRAP) in the ovariectomized group were significantly higher than those in the sham operation group (P< 0.05). They were lower in simvastatin group, the estradiol group, and the combination group than in the castrated group. They were the lowest in the combination group (P<0. 05). BMD, BMC, and bone biomechanical parameters (maximum load, maximum stress, maximum displacement and stiffness) in the ovariectomized group were significantly lower than those in the sham operation group (P<0. 05). They were higher in simvastatin group, the estradiol group, and the combination group than in the castrated group. The increase was most significant in the combination group (P<0. 05). The trabecular bone in the ovariectomized group was sparsely arranged and disordered. Reticular structure, massive fibrous tissue, and many vacuolar fat cells appeared in the medullary cavity. In the combined drug group, a complete bone structure appeared. The number of trabecular bone increased, showing dense, uniform, and a network structure. The fat cells reduced significantly. Conclusion Simvastatin combined with estradiol regulates bone metabolism, increases BMD and bone minerals, improves bone biomechanics and bone histomorphology, and plays an anti-osteoporosis and bone protection role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of South China Fisheries Science is the property of South China Fisheries Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology / Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology / Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Research & Exploration in Laboratory is the property of Research & Exploration in Laboratory and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering is the property of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Magazine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)