70 results on '"„čestice“"'
Search Results
2. Transfer of heat and speed of plasma particles to powder particles in the plasma spray process at atmospheric pressure / Передача тепла и скорости частиц плазмы частицам порошка в процессе плазменного напыления при атмосферном давлении / Prenos toplote i brzine čestica plazme na čestice praha u plazma-sprej procesu na atmosferskom pritisku
- Author
-
Mihailo R. Mrdak
- Subjects
heating ,particles ,plasma ,powder ,temperatures ,transfer ,velocity ,нагрев ,частицы ,плазма ,порошок ,температура ,передача ,скорость ,zagrevanje ,čestice ,plazma ,prah ,temperature ,prenos ,brzine ,Military Science ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
For successful powder deposition and a good quality of deposited layers, the following factors are of great importance: uniform powder injection into the plasma jet, transfer of heat and velocity of plasma particles (ions and electrons) to powder particles as well as the temperature and speed of molten powder particles before the collision with the substrate. For each powder type, depending on the distribution of particle granulation (μm) and density (kg/m3), it is necessary to determine the amount of powder supply (g/min) in the plasma for defined gas flows (l/min), types of plasma gases (Ar, He, H2, N2 or their mixtures) and power supply levels (kW). For the transfer of heat and speed of plasma particles to powder particles, there must be an interaction between the ions and electrons from the plasma and the powder particles. For already known plasma jet speed and temperature values at atmospheric pressure, trajectories of individual particles can be calculated using the equations of motion taking into account viscous friction and inertia. The paper describes the relation between the speed of Al2O3 powder injection and the velocity of individual Al2O3 powder particles in the plasma depending on the distance from the anode opening, as well as the relation between powder granulation and the temperature of the surface of powder particles depending on powder injection and the level of plasma gun power supply at atmospheric pressure. / Для успешного и качественного нанесения порошкового покрытия, очень важны следующие действия: равномерное впрыскивание порошка в струю плазмы, передача температуры и скорости частиц плазмы (ионов и электронов) частицам порошка и температура и скорость расплавленных частиц порошка до соприкосновения с основанием. По каждому виду порошка в зависимости от распределения грануляции частиц (μm) и плотности (кг/м3) необходимо определить количество порошка (г/мин) в плазме для определения потока газов (л/мин), видов плазменных газов (Ar, He, H2, N2 или их смеси) и уровня мощности (кВт). Для того чтобы осуществилась передача тепла и скорости частиц плазмы на частицы порошка должно произойти взаимодействие между ионами и электронами плазмы и частицами порошка. В случае, если известны скорость и температура плазменной струи при атмосферном давлении, то можно рассчитать траекторию отдельных частиц с помощью уравнений движения, учитывая вискозное трение и инерцию. В данной работе представлены скорость напыления порошка Al2O3 и скорость отдельных частиц порошка Al2O3 в плазме, в зависимости от расстояния от анодного отверстия, а также связи грануляции порошка и температуры поверхности частиц порошка, в зависимости от впрыска порошка и уровня мощности плазменного распылителя при атмосферном давлении. / Za uspešno deponovanje praha i dobar kvalitet deponovanih slojeva od velikog značaja je ravnomerno injektiranje praha u mlaz plazme, prenos toplote i brzine čestica plazme (jona i elektrona) na čestice praha, kao i temperatura i brzina istopljenih čestica praha pre sudara sa podlogom. Za svaki tip praha, u zavisnosti od raspodele granulacije čestica (µm) i gustine (kg/m3), neophodno je odrediti količinu dotura praha (g/min) u plazmi za definisane protoke gasova (l/min), tipove plazma gasova (Ar, He, H2, N2 ili njihove mešavine) i nivoe snage (kW). Da bi došlo do prenosa toplote i brzine čestica plazme na čestice praha, mora doći do interakcije između jona i elektrona iz plazme i čestica praha. Za poznate brzine i temperature mlaza plazme na atmosferskom pritisku mogu se izračunati putanje pojedinih čestica primenom jednačine kretanja, uzimajući u obzir viskozno trenje i inerciju. U radu je prikazana veza između brzine injektiranja praha Al2O3 i brzine pojedinih čestica praha Al2O3 u plazmi u zavisnosti od odstojanja otvora anode, kao i veza granulacije praha i temperature površine čestica praha u zavisnosti od injektiranja praha i nivoa snage napajanja plazma pištolja na atmosferskom pritisku.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Properties of the coating deposited with the diffusion of Mo&O2 oxidized powder using the APS process / Свойства покрытия, нанесенного диффузионнымоксиднымпорошком Mo&O2методом APS / Svojstva prevlake deponovane difuziono oksidiranim prahom Mo&O2 primenom APS procesa
- Author
-
Mihailo R. Mrdak
- Subjects
particles ,friction ,deposits ,property ,powders ,oxidizers ,microstructures ,lubrication ,coatings ,частицы ,трение ,нанесение ,свойства ,порошок ,оксидаторы ,микроструктуры ,смазка ,покрытие ,čestice ,trenje ,depoziti ,svojstva ,prah ,oksidatori ,mikrostrukture ,podmazivanje ,prevlake ,Military Science ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
Powder Mo&O2 has an important role in the production of coatings with increased resistance to slide in conditions without the use of lubricants. Mo&O2 coatings have the low coefficient of friction and good abrasion characteristics in mechanical stresses. For the purpose of producing coatings of high hardness, Mo&O2 powder is plasma deposited with optimal parameters. The surface shape of oxide powder particles and the coating fracture surface are analysed by SEM, and the microstructure of layers is examined by light microscopy. The coating microstructure consists of Mo lamellae and MoO3 and MoO2 primary oxide thin films, which surround the Mo lamellae. The analysis of the obtained results showed that the Mo&O2 coating layers with the diffusion oxidized Mo particles have such a structure and mechanical characteristics which enable its application in working tools under the conditions of wear and sliding friction without lubricants. / Применение порошка Mo&O2 играет важную роль в процессе нанесения покрытия с повышенной устойчивостью к скольжению в бессмазочных условиях. Покрытия Mo&O2 обладают низким коэффициентом фрикции и высоким пределом прочности при механическом напряжении. В целях достижения наибольшей прочности покрытия, порошок Mo&O2 наносится методом плазменного напыления, с учетом оптимальных параметров. Характеристики состояния поверхности частиц оксидного порошка и поверхности излома покрытия установлены SEM методом. А микроструктура слоев нанесенного покрытия испытана методом световой микроскопии. Микроструктура покрытия состоит из ламелей Мо и тонких оксидных прослоек MoO2 и MoO3 вокруг ламелей Мо. Анализ полученных результатов доказал, что слои покрытия Mo&O2 с диффузионными оксидными частицами Мо обладают структурой и механическими характеристиками, позволяющими нанесение данного покрытия на поверхности рабочих участков в условиях износа и скольжения при бессмазочном трении. / Prah Mo&O2 ima značajnu ulogu u proizvodnji prevlaka sa povišenom otpornošću na klizanje u uslovima bez primene maziva. Prevlake Mo&O2 imaju mali koeficijent frikcije i dobre karakteristike na habanje pri mehaničkim naprezanjima. Radi proizvodnje prevlaka visoke tvrdoće, prah Mo&O2 je deponovan plazmom sa optimalnim parametrima. Karakterizacija oblika površine čestica oksidnog praha i površine preloma prevlake izvedena je metodom SEM, a mikrostruktura slojeva primenom svetlosne mikroskopije. Mikrostruktura prevlake sastoji se od lamela Mo i tankih filmova primarnih oksida MoO2 i MoO3 koje okružuju lamele Mo. Analiza dobijenih rezultata pokazala je da slojevi prevlake Mo&O2 sa difuziono oksidiranim česticama Mo imaju strukturu i mehaničke karakteristike koje omogućuju njenu primenu na površinama radnih delova u uslovima habanja i klizanja trenjem bez maziva.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Development of a simple algorithm for linear accelerator simulation
- Author
-
Barač, Rocco, Šćulac, Toni, Stipanović, Petar, and Dželalija, Krešimir
- Subjects
PRIRODNE ZNANOSTI. Fizika ,particles ,accelerator ,akcelerator ,DTL ,Alvarez ,čestice ,linac ,simulation ,simulacija ,NATURAL SCIENCES. Physics - Abstract
U ovom radu se opisuje i testira jednostavan algoritam za simulaciju rada linearnog akceleratora Alvarezove strukture. Algoritam, uz nekoliko aproksimacija, uspješno simulira rad akceleratora te daje rezultate vrlo slične stvarnima. Simulacije su bitne u fizici jer omogućavaju rješavanje problema za koje ne postoje analitička rješenja, već samo numerička. Ovaj algoritam ne koristi unaprijed definiran akcelerator, već sam odredi kakav akcelerator bi bio optimalan za ubrzavanje zadanih čestica sa zadanim početnim uvjetima. Na kraju rada je uspješno sastavljen DTL dio CERN-ovog Linac4 akceleratora, čije dimenzije su vrlo slične stvarnima te se time pokazuje moguća direktna primjena ovakvog algoritma. Uz daljnji razvoj algoritma i korištenje realnijih elektromagnetskih polja, algoritam bi se mogao koristiti za konstrukciju pravih linearnih akceleratora Alvarezove strukture te za provedbu vrlo preciznih eksperimenata bez potrebe za korištenjem skupe opreme., The subject of this thesis is the description and subsequent testing of a simple algorithm for simulating an Alvarez type linear accelerator. The algorithm, with a few approximations, successfully simulates the working of accelerators and gives results which are very similar to those of real accelerators. Simulations are important in physics because they enable us to solve problems which don’t have analytic solutions, but only numerical ones. This algorithm doesn’t use a predefined accelerator, but it instead determines what kind of accelerator would be optimal for accelerating given particles with the given starting conditions. In the end of the thesis the DTL part of CERN’s Linac4 accelerator is successfully constructed with dimensions which are very close to the actual ones which demonstrates the possibility of a direct application of this kind of algorithm. With further development of the algorithm, and the use of more realistic electromagnetic fields, the algorithm could be used for the construction of actual linear accelerators of Alvarez type and for carrying out very precise experiments without the need of expensive equipment.
- Published
- 2023
5. Interdependent Particle Systems
- Author
-
Marković-Đurin, Luka and Mihajlović, Željka
- Subjects
particles ,collision detection optimization ,TEHNIČKE ZNANOSTI. Računarstvo ,optimizacija detekcije sudara ,optimizacija detekcije interakcije ,čestice ,interaction detection optimization ,detekcija sudara ,međuovisni sustavi čestica ,sustavi čestica ,TECHNICAL SCIENCES. Computing ,interdependent particle systems ,detekcija interakcije ,collision detection ,particle systems ,interaction detection - Abstract
U ovom radu objašnjen je pojam međuovisnih sustava čestica te njegove korisnosti pri modeliranju prirodnih pojava. Rad se usredotočuje na rješavanje glavnog problema međuovisnih sustava – detekcija interakcije. Predstavljeni su neki od algoritama detekcije interakcije te su analizirane njihove performanse na različitim primjerima. Također dan je primjer implementacije međuovisnih sustava čestica u programskom jeziku C++, koristeći grafičku biblioteku OpenGl, te su navedena moguća poboljšanja. This paper explains the term of interdependent particle systems and their usefulness in modelling natural phenomena. The paper focuses on solving the main issue of interdependent particle systems – interaction detection. It presents some of the algorithms of interaction detection and analyses their performance on a set of examples. It also provides an example implementation of interdependent particle systems in C++, using the graphics library OpenGl and lists possible improvements.
- Published
- 2022
6. Computer processing and categorization of Croatian particles for POS tagging
- Author
-
Matić, Katharina and Bekavac, Božo
- Subjects
particles ,computational linguistics ,HUMANISTIC SCIENCES. Philology. General Linguistics ,POS tagging ,POS označavanje ,računalna lingvistika ,HUMANISTIČKE ZNANOSTI. Filologija. Opće jezikoslovlje (lingvistika) ,čestice - Abstract
Čestice nisu jednako i sustavno kategorizirane u svim tradicionalnim gramatikama hrvatskog jezika jer za tu kategoriju ne postoji jedinstvena precizna definicija kojom bi se svi autori mogli voditi bez prostora za različite interpretacije. Budući da se status nekog leksema kao čestice uglavnom utvrđuje prema njegovoj značenjskoj funkciji u rečenici, a priroda jezične produkcije podrazumijeva i visoku razinu jezične kreativnosti te je broj rečeničnih konstrukcija i kombinacija pojedinih leksema u njima nemjerljiv, u tradicionalnim se gramatikama u kategoriju čestica u pravilu uključuje i niz drugih vrsta riječi, kao što su prilozi, ovisno o njihovoj funkciji u pojedinom kontekstu. To je osobito slučaj kad se uzme u obzir semantička dimenzija svakog iskaza, bilo u pogledu namjeravanog značenja, bilo u pogledu značenjskih odnosa među leksemima. Međutim, takva kategorizacija čestica nije praktična ni produktivna kad je riječ o računalnoj obradi jezika, u ovom slučaju konkretno označavanju vrsta riječi u korpusima hrvatskog jezika, jer se u takvoj vrsti obrade uglavnom gube semantičke i pragmatičke nijanse jezične upotrebe te je fokus na oblicima leksema i njihovim sintaktičkim ulogama. U ovom se radu popis hrvatskih čestica nastoji ograničiti na što manji mogući broj nepromjenjivih riječi koje se neupitno mogu smatrati česticama neovisno o kontekstu. Takav se pristup čini najproduktivnijim rješenjem za potrebe računalne obrade jezika zbog njegove jednostavnosti i činjenice da se preostali leksemi koji se tradicionalno dvojno kategoriziraju kao čestice, iako prvenstveno pripadaju drugoj vrsti riječi, na taj način i dalje mogu bez poteškoća kategorizirati u skladu sa svojim primarnim kategorijama bez uplitanja semantičkih kriterija koji računalu nisu dostupni na istoj razini kao čovjeku. Pritom se izbjegava i problem relativnosti semantičkih tumačenja u vrsti obrade za koju su prije svega potrebna jasna razgraničenja i preciznost. Particles are not equally and systematically categorized in traditional Croatian grammars, as there is no single precise definition for this category that all authors could use as a guide with no room for different interpretations. Since the status of a lexeme as a particle is mainly determined by its semantic function in a sentence, and since language production by its nature contains a high level of linguistic creativity, as well as considering the fact that the number of sentence constructions and combinations of individual lexemes within them is immeasurable, traditional grammars as a rule include a number of other types of speech, such as adverbs, in the category of articles depending on their function in a particular context. This is especially the case when considering the semantic aspect of each utterance, either in terms of intended meaning or in terms of semantic relations between lexemes. However, such categorization of particles is neither practical nor productive when it comes to computer processing, in this case specifically part-of-speech tagging for Croatian language corpora, because in this kind of processing the semantic and pragmatic nuances of language use are mostly lost and the focus is on the forms and syntactic roles of lexemes. The aim of this paper is to limit the list of Croatian particles to the smallest possible number of invariable words that can undoubtedly be considered particles regardless of context. Such an approach seems to be the most productive solution for part-of-speech tagging due to its simplicity and the fact that the remaining lexemes that are traditionally doubly categorized as particles, despite primarily belonging to another part of speech, can still be easily categorized according to their primary categories without the interference of semantic criteria that are not available to computers at the same level as to humans. At the same time, this approach avoids the issue of varying semantic interpretations in a type of language processing that primarily requires clear distinctions and precision.
- Published
- 2022
7. Stating case roles in Japanese language
- Author
-
Orinčić, Ivana, Moretti, Violeta, and Srdanović, Irena
- Subjects
gramatika ,particles ,nouns ,language ,jezik ,čestice ,latinski ,HUMANISTIČKE ZNANOSTI. Filologija. Japanologija ,Latin ,HUMANISTIC SCIENCES. Philology. Japanese Studies ,cases ,imenice ,Japanese ,grammar ,Japanski ,padeži - Abstract
Ovaj rad bavi se prikazom padežnih uloga čestica u japanskom jeziku, koje tumači u usporedbi s latinskim (i hrvatskim) jezikom, kako bi se prikazale podudarnosti među njima s ciljem pojašnjavanja odabranih gramatičkih kategorija japanskog jezika te njihova približavanja govornicima hrvatskog. Zbog opsežnosti teme odabrane su tek neke među njima. Naime, polazeći od zamjedbe da su latinski i hrvatski jezik u elementima strukturalno bliži, ali i od toga da između latinskog i japanskog postoje tipološke podudarnosti, ali i razlike, u radu su obrađeni pojedini aspekti gramatike. Pri njihovom odabiru vodila sam se željom da rastumačim neka "teža mjesta" u početnom učenju japanskog, latinskog i hrvatskog jezika. Usporedbnom sam došla do sljedećih rezultata: - Latinski i japanski jezik imaju isti redoslijed sintaktičkih elemenata u rečenici (SOV). - U hrvatskom i latinskom jeziku subjekt je iskazan gramatičkim nastavkom glagola, dok je u japanskom iskazan česticama. - U hrvatskom i latinskom imenice imaju rod, broj i padež, dok u japanskom ne postoji kategorija roda (za rod se koriste "rodne uloge"), za broj se dodaju sufiksi, a funkciju padeža nose čestice. - U sva tri jezika riječi kojima se izriču sintaktičke kategorije mogu zamjenjivati mjesto u rečenici, a da se njihov međusobi odnos ne promjeni. - Usporedbom sintakse padeža hrvatskog i latinskog jezika s japanskim česticama također možemo vidjeti podudarnosti, ali i specifičnost svakog jezika. Ako pogledamo npr. dativ radnog lica, vidimo kako se konstrukcija latinske rečenice donekle slaže s japanskom rečenicom u pasivu, gdje je dativ vršitalj radnje koji se prevodi nominativom, a prijevodi su "kako se nešto treba (ili je netko natjeran) ili se mora odraditi." U konačnici, došla sam do zaključka da među japanskim i latinskim postoji tipoloških podudarnosti, a da njihovo poznavanje može predstavljati malu prednost pri učenju japanskog jezika, osobitno u smislu "sintakse padeža" kako se ona tumači pri učenju i poučavanju latinskog jezika jer se opisuju sintaktičke funkcije pojedinih padežnih nastavaka. Sistematiziranje i opis japanskih čestica u smislu njihovih sintaktičkih funkcija na hrvatskom jeziku može biti doprinos opisu japanskog jezika. Ova opsežna tema svakako zaslužuje podrobniju razradu, kao i usporedbu na svim jezičnim razinama. This paper is engaged in comparison between Japanese and Latin grammar in order to show the similarities between them with the aim of clarifying selected grammatical categories of the Japanese language and bringing them closer to Croatian speakers. Due to the extensiveness of the topic, only some of them were selected. Namely, starting from the remark that Latin and Croatian are structurally closer in some elements, but also from the fact that there are typological similarities between Latin and Japanese, but also differences, certain aspects of grammar are treated in the paper. I was guided by the desire to explain some "difficult places" in the initial learning of the Japanese language, while using facts from several textbooks and grammar in Japanese, Latin and Croatian. By comparison, I came to the following results: - Latin and Japanese have the same word order of syntactic elements in a sentence (SOV). - In Croatian and Latin, the subject is expressed by the grammatical continuation of the verb, while in Japanese it is expressed by the particles. - In Croatian and Latin nouns have gender, number and case, while in Japanese we do not have a genus category ("gender roles" are used), for number, suffixes are added and particles function as cases. - In all three languages, words that express syntactic categories can replace the place in the sentence without changing their relationship. - By comparing the syntax of cases in Croatian and Latin with Japanese particles, we can also see the similarities but also specifics of each language. If we look, for example, dative of the agent we can see that the construction of the Latin sentence somewhat agrees with the Japanese sentence in passive, where the dative is the performer of the action translated by the nominative and the translations are "how something needs (or is forced upon) or must be done." I come to the conclusion that there is a number of typological similarities between Japanese and Latin, and that knowing them may be of a little advantage in learning Japanese, especially in terms of "case syntax" as interpreted in learning and teaching Latin because they describe syntactic functions of individual case suffixes. Systematisation and description of Japanese particles in terms of their syntactic function in Croatian language can be contribute to Japanese language. This extensive topic certainly deserves more detailed elaboration as well as comparison at all language levels.
- Published
- 2021
8. Zamanja's translation of Hesiod's 'Shield'
- Author
-
Džoja, Anđela, Bratičević, Irena, and Jovanović, Neven
- Subjects
HUMANISTIC SCIENCES. Philology. Classical Philology ,složenice ,HUMANISTIČKE ZNANOSTI. Filologija. Klasična filologija ,Džamanjić ,neoklasicizam ,Hesiod ,participi ,Štit ,čestice - Abstract
Heraklov štit je kratka epska pjesma od 480 stihova koja nam donosi mit o borbi Herakla i Kikna, te detaljnu ekfrazu Heraklova štita u 188 stihova po čemu pjesma i nosi naslov. Često je gurana u drugi red kad se radi o Hesiodovim djelima (ili djelima koja mu se atribuiraju) zbog svoje „manje vrijednosti“, ali činjenica da je jedina sačuvana pored Teogonije i Poslova i dana, te da je jedina sačuvana epska pjesma o Heraklu, dok su i mnogo duže izgubljene, govori nam o njenoj popularnosti u antičko doba. Dubrovački se latinist, predstavnik neoklasicizma, Bernard Džamanjić počinje baviti ovim djelom nakon što je preveo Homerovu Odiseju. Dakle, prevodi ga prije Teogonije i Poslova i dana. U uvodnim poglavljima ovoga rada govori se o autorima izvornika i prijevoda, njihovim životima i djelima. Nakon toga je kratko prepričan sadržaj Štita te njegov utjecaj na Vergilijev opis Enejina štita u osmome pjevanju Eneide. U središnjem dijelu je analiza Džamanjićeva prijevoda s naglaskom na dijelove grčkoga teksta koji izazivaju najviše problema pri prevođenju, a to su čestice, složenice i participi. Također, u jednom od podnaslova analiziraju se sažimanje i proširivanje kao način lijepog i slobodnog prevođenja u duhu neoklasicizma. U završnim poglavljima donosi se antički utjecaj na Džamanjićev prijevod, te moguća primjena i originala i prijevoda u nastavi klasičnih jezika.
- Published
- 2021
9. Air Pollution Effect on Morbidity of the Population of the Republic Of Srpska.
- Author
-
Figurek, Andreja and Figurek, Aleksandra
- Subjects
- *
AIR pollution , *PARTICULATE matter , *EMISSIONS (Air pollution) , *NATURAL resources , *CARDIOVASCULAR diseases - Abstract
Introduction: Air pollution is caused by the emission of harmful gaseous and particulate matter, resulting mainly from human activity, but also by emission from natural sources. Aim of the Study: The aim of this study was to investigate the most common air pollutants in the Republic of Srpska region (one of the entities in Bosnia and Herzegovina) and their effect on population health, as well as to compare the obtained results with the European and world data. Patients and Methods: We used a descriptive study approach to analyze the health of the population in the Republic of Srpska, through data obtained by the Public Health Institute of the Republic of Srpska, for the five-year period. Results: The population of the Republic of Srpska is mostly affected by circulatory system diseases, followed by neoplasms. Conclusion: Bearing in mind the pathophysiological mechanisms by which air pollution is involved in the onset and exacerbation of cardiovascular, respiratory, cancer and other diseases, as well as their representation in our population, one can draw a parallel between the air quality in the Republic of Srpska and the trend of the morbidity of its population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Association between ambient air pollution, meteorological conditions and exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adult citizens of the town of Smederevo.
- Author
-
Stevanović, Ivan, Jovašević-Stojanović, Milena, and Stošić, Jasmina Jović
- Subjects
- *
ASTHMA , *AIR pollution , *HEALTH , *OBSTRUCTIVE lung diseases patients , *AIR quality monitoring ,ENVIRONMENTAL aspects - Abstract
Introduction. Smederevo is the only town in Serbia with a steel factory, whose exhausts contribute to air pollution. Therefore, the city conducts continuous monitoring of air quality. In recent years, high levels of particulate matter (PM), including coarse (PM10) and fine (PM2.5) particles in the air have frequently been recorded. The aim of this study was to assess association between exacerbation of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adults and air pollution or meteorological conditions. Methods. The study was conducted in the secondary care General Hospital in Smederevo covering approximately 81, 000 inhabitants living in the area of about 7 km around the automatic station for air quality monitoring from which the verified data were collected. Data on patients were obtained from medical records. The correlation between the incidence of diseases exacerbation and the number of days with exceedance of air pollutants limit level per month, as well as meteorological conditions, was tested with parametric Pearson bivariate correlation test in program SPSS. Results. The study population consisted of adults registered as asthma or COPD suffering patients (n = 1,624) with 570 episodes of remarkable exacerbations (moderate or severe) of the disease in 2011. Asthma exacerbation was significantly more frequent in women than in men. The number of days with high levels of PM2.5 per month was statistically significantly associated with the total number of exacerbation (moderate and severe of both asthma and COPD) episodes among the female patients. There was also a statistically significant association between the number of days with PM2.5 exceedance and the number of moderate exacerbations in the subgroups of nonsmokers and obese patients. A significant correlation of the number of days with the exceedance of PM10 limit level was shown only for the subgroup of obese, non-smoking patients with moderate exacerbation. A significant negative association with the average ambient temperature was proven for the obese female patients and obese non-smoking patients with moderate asthma exacerbations. The number of COPD exacerbation was in positive correlation with the average air pressure for the subgroup of female smokers, but the connection with air pollution was not proven. Conclusion. Exposure to airborne particles in the town of Smederevo, mainly to PM2.5, and to low temperature may trigger asthma exacerbation requiring emergency care. The most vulnerable may be women and obese patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. THE INTENSIFYING FUNCTION OF MODAL PARTICLES AND MODAL ELEMENTS IN A CROSS-LINGUISTIC PERSPECTIVE.
- Author
-
Batinić, Mia, Kresić, Marijana, and Pintarić, Anita Pavić
- Subjects
- *
SIMILARITY (Language learning) , *MODALITY (Linguistics) , *GERMAN language - Abstract
The aim of this paper is to analyze the intensifying function of German modal particles and equivalent modal expressions in Croatian and English. Our hypothesis is that some modal particles in German and their functional equivalents in Croatian and English can express different degrees of intensity and types of intensification. The presented study comprises two parts. first, the use of intensifying modal particles by a group of speakers of L1 Croatian and L2 German/English is investigated. On the basis of the results obtained, and by means of a previously conducted corpus analysis (cf. Kresić and Batinić 2014), an intensification scale with respect to the inventory of German modal particles and corresponding particles in croatian as well as equivalent English expressions is suggested. Some German and Croatian modal particles and equivalent modal elements in English can be classified on the upper and partially on the lower part of the proposed intensification scale when compared to the norm, i.e. an utterance unmarked by a modal particle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
12. PM AND CO2 VARIABILITY AND RELATIONSHIP IN DIFFERENT SCHOOL ENVIRONMENTS.
- Author
-
LAZOVIĆ, IVAN, JOVAŠEVIĆ-STOJANOVIĆ, MILENA, ŽIVKOVIĆ, MARIJA, TASIĆ, VIŠA, and STEVANOVIĆ, ŽARKO
- Subjects
- *
INDOOR air quality , *ATMOSPHERIC chemistry , *PARTICULATE matter , *ATMOSPHERIC nitrogen dioxide , *CLASSROOM environment - Abstract
Indoor air quality (IAQ) is very important for children health and well-being, since children are particularly vulnerable and sensitive to the presence of air pollutants. This study was performed in two naturally ventilated schools located in the same municipality. The first school is located in an urban area, at a residential-industrial site, while the other school is situated in a rural area. School buildings were chosen based on their urban environment features. The measurements were carried out in heating and non-heating periods in duration of five consecutive working days. The objective of the study was to analyze IAQ in the classrooms with special emphasis on levels and diurnal variations of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in occupied and unoccupied school classrooms. In this paper, the CO2 concentrations were measured at both indoor and outdoor environments. Concentrations of CO2 higher than 1000 ppm were regularly detected in the classrooms during teaching hours. Indoor concentrations of PM10 were not exceeded the guideline, daily average, value of 50 μg/m³. Concentrations of PM2.5exceeded the guideline daily average value of 25 μg/m³ in both school during heating period. Concentrations of NO2 did not exceed the guideline value of 200 μg/m³. Ventilation rates were calculated and compared with the prescribed limits. In both occupied and unoccupied periods high correlation between CO2 and PM concentrations was determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. MULTIFUNKCIONALNOST RIJEČI UGLAVNOM.
- Author
-
DOLIĆ, Belkisa
- Abstract
Copyright of PISMO: Journal for Linguistics & Literary Studies / Zeitschrift für Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft is the property of Bosnian Philological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
14. The humble sea urchin in the Nano-cene: the gift that keeps on giving
- Author
-
Lyons, Daniel Mark, Lyons, Daniel M., Brčić Karačonji, Irena, Kopjar, Nevenka, and Herman, Makso
- Subjects
Putovi nepovoljnog ishoda ,Čestice ,Pesticidi ,Ispitivanje cijelog organizma - Abstract
The sea urchin has found widespread use as a model in fields ranging from biology to immunology. For example, not only has it provided fundamental insight into developmental biology since the 19th Century but aspects of the functioning of its immune system have been noted to be analogous to that of humans. Urchins had also found an important niche in toxicology research for indicating the broad-spectrum presence of pollutants in aquatic environments. Over recent decades research on the impact of a broad range of chemicals and materials of anthropogenic origin has increasingly turned to cell lines or cultures, including their new incarnation as 3D cultures, which have gradually come to the fore. As such approaches have begun to supercede testing at the whole organism level it has become tempting to overlook reasons for investigating the toxicological impacts of chemicals at the organism level. While testing chemicals on cell cultures has its advantages, not least of which the ability to achieve relatively good reproducability and high-throughput, a vast wealth of information can be lost should testing at higher levels of biological organisation be ignored. Indeed, adverse outcomes at the cellular level do not always reflect in similar outcomes at the whole organism level, particularly as data from cells do not take into consideration all of the diverse metabolic pathways and defence mechanisms in the organism in toto. Addressing this, results deriving from a wide range of endpoints in urchin bioassays, including embryotoxic, spermiotoxic and cytotoxic outcomes that provide important, unique and complementary data to those that may be derived from cell-based assays are highlighted.
- Published
- 2021
15. Generiranje i otpuštanje fibrila i funkcionalnih čestica u procesu pranja
- Author
-
Pušić, Tanja, Vojnović, Branka, Dimitrov, Nino, Čurlin, Mirjana, Višić, Ksenija, Štrkalj, Anita, and Glavaš, Zoran
- Subjects
tekstil ,pranje ,otpuštanje ,čestice ,proces pranja tekstila ,otpuštanje čestica ,fibrili ,mikroplastika - Abstract
Većina tekstilnih proizvoda pod utjecajem parametara procesa pranja otpušta fibrile, koji su često nosači drugih kemijskih supstanci, npr. mikro/nano čestica bojila, pigmenata, funkcionalnih tvari, tenzida, omekšivača koji utječu na okolišne sustave. Vrsta i količina otpuštenih čestica ovisi o sirovinskom sastavu materijala, stupnju oplemenjivanja i trošnosti te uvjetima pranja. U radu je obrađena problematika generiranja i otpuštanja fibrila, funkcionalnih čestica i čestica mikroplastike. Istaknuta su istraživačka postignuća kao i primjeri dobre prakse u smanjivanju opterećenja okoliša ovim česticama.
- Published
- 2021
16. Kontrastivni pristup opisu i poučavanju modalnih čestica: hrvatski jezik u usporedbi s njemačkim i engleskim
- Author
-
Kresić Vukosav, Marijana and Batinić Angster, Mia
- Subjects
čestice ,modalne čestice ,modalnost ,hrvatski ,njemački ,engleski - Abstract
Modalne čestice predstavljaju složen problem u nastavi hrvatskoga kao inoga jezika te je riječ o jezičnoj pojavi koja se samo marginalno spominje u gramatikama hrvatskoga jezika. Modalne čestice čine jasnu funkcionalnu klasu u nekim slavenskim i germanskim jezicima poput hrvatskoga (npr. pa, ma, ta, daj, eto, li, nego, ono) i njemačkoga (npr. aber, auch, bloß, denn, doch, eigentlich, ja), dok njihove funkcionalne istovrijednice u engleskom jeziku pripadaju kategoriji priloga (npr. then, just), uzvika (oh, boy), upitnih izraza (how come), višerječnih frazeologiziranih izraza (on earth, you know, but of course) i drugih konstrukcija (Kresić i Batinić 2014). U izlaganju će se prikazati model kontrastivnog opisa značenja modalnih čestica i njihovih funkcionalnih istovrijednica u hrvatskom, njemačkom i engleskom jeziku te će se predstaviti inovativni, višejezični pristup njihovu poučavanju (usp. Kresić Vukosav i Batinić Angster 2019). Dat će se također upute i izložiti vježbe koje su osmišljene za učenje modalnih čestica i istovrijednih im modalnih izraza i namijenjene uporabi u nastavi hrvatskoga kao inoga jezika. Cilj je na zanimljiv i motivirajuć način pružiti potporu učenicima pri ovladavanju uporabom ovih malih riječi i modalnosti općenito u hrvatskom jeziku.
- Published
- 2021
17. Production and testing of natural composites
- Author
-
Kovačević, Anamarija and Pilipović, Ana
- Subjects
eggshell composites ,particles ,biocomposites ,lješnjakove ljuske ,mljevenje ,hazelnut husk ,čestice ,polimerni kompoziti ,prirodna ojačavala ,natural fillers ,TEHNIČKE ZNANOSTI. Strojarstvo ,milling ,natural composite ,TECHNICAL SCIENCES. Mechanical Engineering ,biokompoziti ,ljuske jaja - Abstract
Tema ovog rada su polimerni kompoziti ojačani prirodnim česticama. S obzirom na ubrzan razvoj tehnologije i sve veće potrošnje sirovina prilikom proizvodnje, pronalazak obnovljive sirovine je nešto čemu treba težiti. Prirodna ojačavala su ekološki prihvatljiva alternativna sintetičkim ojačavalima zbog svoje recikličnosti, obnovljivosti i manje potrošnje energije prilikom izrade. Polimerni kompoziti ojačani prirodnim vlaknima, česticama ili drugim oblikom obnovljih sirovina imaju svijetlu budućnost među proizvodnim materijalima, a optimalan proizvod može se izraditi upotrebom i biorazgradive matrice. Cilj rada je istražiti polimerne kompozite ojačne česticama raznih biljaka i plodova, svojstva takvih kompozita te zaključiti hoće li se u budućnosti isplatiti razvijati ovakav tip kompozita kako bi se smanjilo opterećenje na okoliš. The thesis of this paper are polymer composites reinforced with natural particles. Given the accelerated development of technology and the increasing consumption of raw materials during production, the invention of renewable raw materials is something to strive for. Natural reinforcements are an environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic reinforcements due to their recyclability, renewability and lower energy consumption during manufacturing. Polymer composites reinforced with natural fibers, particles or other forms of renewable raw materials have a bright future among the production materials, and optimal products can be made not only using natural reinforcement but adding biodegradable matrices as well. The aim of this paper is to look into polymer composites reinforced with particles of various plants and fruits, the properties of such composites and to conclude whether it’s cost effective to develop this type of composites in the future in order to reduce the impact on the environment.
- Published
- 2020
18. The Language in Kraljević's 'Požeški đak'
- Author
-
Thür, Ivana and Ham, Sanda
- Subjects
slovopis ,veznici ,Miroslav Kraljević ,HUMANISTIČKE ZNANOSTI. Filologija. Kroatistika ,Požeški đak ,jezik zagrebačke filološke škole ,uzvici ,čestice ,prijedlozi ,prilozi ,HUMANISTIC SCIENCES. Philology. Croatian Studies ,pravopis - Abstract
U ovome radu opisuje se jezik Požeškoga đaka Miroslava Kraljevića. Za opis je poslužio pretisak načinjen 1994., a identičan (kako jezikom tako i formatom stranica) je originalu iz 1863. godine koji čuva Gradski muzej Požega. Opisuje se pravopis (s osobitim naglaskom na slovopis) i nepromjenjive riječi, a istaknuta su i morfološka obilježja promjenjivih riječi. Prema navedenim razinama opisa, Kraljevićev jezik uspoređuje se sa slovnicama njegova doba, ali i sa suvremenim gramatikama i pravopisima. Također se uspoređuje prvo izdanje Požeškoga đaka s izdanjem iz 21. stoljeća. U obzir se uzimaju i Kraljevićevi rukopisi koje čuva Gradski muzej Požega.
- Published
- 2020
19. Impact of ambient suspended particles 'PM2,5' on mortality, cardiovascular and respiratory morbidity of adults in the city of Novi Sad
- Author
-
Dragić, Nataša, Bijelović, Sanja, Jevtić, Marija, Stojanović, Dušica, Bjelanović-Mirilov, Jelena, Paunović, Katarina, and Kvrgić, Svetlana
- Subjects
meteorologija ,Traffic-Related Pollution ,zagađenje od saobraćaja ,morbiditet ,gradovi ,Environmental Exposure ,čestice ,zagađenje vazduha ,Meteorology ,Risk Factors ,Air Pollution ,faktori rizika ,Particulate Matter ,izloženost životne sredine ,Public Health ,Cities ,Mortality ,Morbidity ,javno zdravlje ,mortalitet - Abstract
Kvalitet vazduha u urbanim sredinama predstavlja jedan od glavnih uzroka zdravstvenih problema. Prema podacima SZO u svetu se godišnje usled zagađenja vazduha u urbanim sredinama dogodi preko 2,7 miliona smrtnih slučajeva. Procenjuje se da najbolji indikator za procenu veličine zdravstvenog rizika od zagađenja vazduha jeste koncentracija suspendovanih čestica PM2,5 u vazduhu životne sredine. Cilj: Proceniti uticaj suspendovanih čestica PM2,5 iz vazduha životne sredine na ukupan mortalitet, kardiovaskularni i respiratorni bolnički morbiditet odraslog stanovništva Grada Novog Sada. Takođe, cilj istraživanja je bio da se i utvrdi koncentracija i hemijski sastav suspendovanih čestica PM2,5 u vazduhu životne sredine na teritoriji Grada Novog Sada, na dnevnom i godišnjem nivou, uzimajući u obzir i uticaj meteoroloških parametara. Metod: Istraživanje je sprovedeno kao prospektivna studija vremenske serije podataka o kvalitetu vazduha, meteorološkim parametrima i zdravstvenim ishodima, u intervalima od najmanje 30 dana tokom sva četiri godišnja doba 2017. godine. Uzorkovanje i određivanje koncentracije i hemijskog sastava čestica PM2,5 u skladu sa propisanim standardnim metodama, je obavljeno na mernim mestima u životnoj sredini Grada Novog Sada, koja reprezentuju uticaj saobraćaja i urbanog pozadinskog područja na zagađenje vazduha životne sredine. Primenjen je Lenschow pristup za kvantifikaciju veličine doprinosa saobraćaja porastu koncentracije suspendovanih čestica PM2,5 u vazduhu životne sredine. Podaci o meteorološkim parametrima (temperatura vazduha, relativna vlažnost vazduha i brzina vetra), su preuzeti od Republičkog hidrometeorološkog zavoda Srbije. Podaci o zdravstvenim ishodima (dnevni broj umrlih i hospitalizovanih zbog kardiovaskularnih i respiratornih bolesti), za stanovništvo starije od 18 godina, čije mesto stanovanja pripada teritoriji Grada Novog Sada, obezbeđeni su od strane Centra za informatiku i biostatistiku u zdravstvu Instituta za javno zdravlje Vojvodine. Za procenu uticaja nezavisnih promenljivih na zavisne (ukupan mortalitet / bolnički morbiditet) primenjen je generalizovani linearni model regresione analize za vremenske serije podataka (Poason). Rezultati: Prosečna godišnja koncentracija suspendovanih čestica PM2,5 iz vazduha životne sredine na teritoriji Grada Novog Sada je iznosila 30,27 μg/m3, a srednje dnevne koncentracije 8-79 g/m3. Približno 30% varijabilnosti srednjih dnevnih koncentracije suspendovanih čestica PM2,5 se može objasniti lokalnim meteorološkim uslovima. Hemijski sastav čestica na području Grada Novog Sada u najvećem procentu čini ekvivalent karbonatne frakcije čestica, zatim sekundarni neorganski aerosol i rastvorljiva organska frakcija, dok su joni rastvorljivi u vodi (kalcijum, hloridi, natrijum, kalijum i magnezijum) zastupljeni u najmanjem procentu. Prisutni izvori zagađenja vazduha životne sredine na području Grada Novog Sada su procesi sagorevanja fosilnih goriva i biomase, saobraćaj, mineralna (zemljišna) prašina i sekundarno zagađenje regionalnog porekla. Doprinos saobraćaja porastu prosečne godišnje koncentracije suspendovanih čestica PM2,5 je iznosio 40%. Masena koncentracija čestica PM2,5, kao i hemijski sastav čestica (ekvivalent karbonatne frakcije, rastvorljiva organska frakcija, joni kalijuma i kalcijuma) doprinose umiranju i oboljevanju odraslog stanovništva Grada Novog Sada. Na uticaj masene koncentracije i hemijskog sastava čestica PM2,5 najosetljivije su žene i stanovništvo starosti ≥ 65 godina, kao i muškarci u pogledu uticaja ekvivalenta karbonatne frakcije čestica PM2,5. Zaključak: Dobijeni rezultati po prvi put opisuju zdravstveni uticaj masene koncentracije i hemijskog sastava čestica PM2,5 na području Grada Novog Sada, odnosno kvantifikuju rizik za ukupan mortalilteta i kardiovaskualrni i respiratorni morbiditet. Razumevanje uticaja suspendovanih čestica PM2,5 na oboljevanje i umiranje stanovništva, stratifikovanih prema starosnoj i polnoj strukturi, uz identifikaciju mogućih izvora zađenja vazduha na području Grada Novog Sada, predstavlja osnovu za razvoj javnozdravstvene politike u cilju unapređenja zdravlja stanovništva Grada Novog Sada. Urban ambient air pollution is one of the leading causes of health problems. According to WHO data, over 2.7 million deaths occur in urban areas annually due to urban air pollution. Particulate matter PM2.5 is estimated to be the best indicator for assessing the magnitude of the health risk induces by ambient air pollution. Aim: To assess the impact of PM2.5 on total mortality, cardiovascular and respiratory hospital morbidity of the adult population of the City of Novi Sad. Also, the aim of the study was to determine the concentration and chemical composition of ambient PM 2.5 particles in the territory of the City of Novi Sad, on daily and annual bases, taking into account the impact of meteorological parameters. Method: The study was conducted as a prospective, a time series study of of data on air quality, meteorological parameters and health outcomes, at intervals of at least 30 days during all four seasons of 2017. Sampling and determination of the mass concentration and chemical composition of PM2.5 particles in accordance with the prescribed standard methods, it was performed at sampling stations in the City of Novi Sad, representing the impact of traffic and urban background impact on environmental air pollution. A Lenschow approach was used to quantify the magnitude of traffic contribution to the increase of ambient PM2.5 mass concentration. Meteorological data (air temperature, relative humidity and wind velocity) were taken from the Republic Hydrometeorological Institute of Serbia. Data on health outcomes (daily number of deaths and hospitalizations due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases) for the population older than 18, residing within the territory of the City of Novi Sad, have been provided by the Centre for Informatics and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina. To evaluate the impact of independent variables on dependent (total mortality/hospital morbidity), a generalized linear regression model for time series data (Poisson) was applied. Results: The average annual mass concentration of PM2.5 in the territory of the City of Novi Sad was 30.27μg/m3, while mean daily concentrations were 8- 79μg/m3. Approximately 30% of the variability in mean daily concentrations of PM2.5 particles can be explained with local meteorological conditions. The chemical composition of PM2.5 in the area of Novi Sad is to the a great extent the equivalent of the carbonate fraction of the particles, then the secondary inorganic aerosol and the soluble organic fraction, while the water-soluble ions (calcium, chlorides, sodium, potassium and magnesium) are present in the lowest percentage. The sources of ambient air pollution in the area of the City of Novi Sad were the combustion of fossil fuels and biomass, traffic, mineral (soil dust) and secondary pollution of regional origin. Contribution of traffic to the increase of the average annual mass concentrations of PM2.5 particles was 40%. PM2.5 particle mass concentration, as well as the chemical composition of the particles (carbonate fraction equivalent, soluble organic fraction, potassium and calcium ions) contribute to the deaths and diseases of the adult population of the City of Novi Sad. Women and the population aged ≥65, were more susceptible to mass concentration and chemical composition of PM2.5 related deaths and diseases, as well as men according to the impact of the equivalents of carbonate fractions of PM2.5. Conclusion: The results obtained show for the first time the health effects of mass concentration and chemical composition of PM2.5 particles in the City of Novi Sad, i.e. they quantify the risk for total mortality and cardiovascular and respiratory morbidity. Understanding the impact of suspended particles PM2.5 on population mortality and morbidity, stratified by age and sex structure, along with identifying of possible air pollution sources is the basis for the development of public health policies aimed at improving the population health in the City of Novi Sad.
- Published
- 2020
20. CHARACTERIZATION OF VACUUM PLASMA SPRAYED COBALT - NICKEL - CHROMIUM - ALUMINUM - YTTRIUM COATINGS.
- Author
-
Mrdak, Mihailo R.
- Subjects
- *
MICROSTRUCTURE , *OXIDATION , *PARTICLES , *PLASMA gases , *TRANSITION metals - Abstract
This paper analyzes the influence of the plasma spray distance on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of the Co32Ni21Cr8Al0.5Y coatings deposited with the vacuum plasma spraying (VPS) procedure. The microstructure and the mechanical properties of the plasma spray coatings were determined by the interaction of the Ar/H2 plasma ions with the powder particles when the transfer of the speed and temperature of ions on the powder particles occurs. The effect of interaction directly depends on the time of the interaction between ions and powder particles, which is defined by the plasma spraying distance. The powder is deposited by the plasma gun F4 at three substrate distances: 270, 295 and 320 mm. The coating with the best structural and mechanical properties was tested on the oxidation in a furnace for heat treatment without protective atmosphere at 1100°C in a period of 240 hours. The morphology of the powder particles was examined on the SEM. The microstructure of the layers in the deposited condition was tested by light microscopy. The coating with the best mechanical properties was electrolytically etched with 10% oxalic acid solution H2C2O4×2H2O. The analysis of the microstructure of the etched coating was performed by light microscopy and on the SEM, before and after testing the coating on oxidation. The microstructural analysis of the deposited layers was performed in accordance with the 'Pratt-Whitney' standard. The mechanical properties of the layers were assessed through the examination of microhardness by the HV0.3 method and through bond strength tensile testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. UTJECAJ ČESTICA ZAVARIVAČKOG DIMA NASTALIH ZAVARIVANJEM Cr-Ni RUTILNO OBLOŽENOM ELEKTRODOM NA ZDRAVLJE ZAVARIVAČA I ZAŠTITU.
- Author
-
Begić, R., Imamović, A., and Halilagić, R.
- Subjects
- *
POISONOUS gases , *INDUSTRIAL hygiene , *SHIELDED metal arc welding , *WELDING electrodes , *RUTILE , *CHROMIUM , *NICKEL , *INDUSTRIAL safety - Abstract
Welding fumes are generated during most types of MMAW welding. The most harmful substances in welding fumes using Cr-Ni electrodes are hexavalent chromium (Cr VI), Ni, Mo, Mn, etc. with many other substances in welding fumes also proven harmful. The unwanted impacts include acute and chronic effects on the respiratory system as well as carcinogenic effects. Experimental studies were carried out using 6 laboratory ultra LEGe CrNi rutile electrodes manufactured according to the formula developed in the lab of company ''ELEKTRODA'' Zagreb manufacturing auxiliary welding supplies. They are a variation of the commercial electrode of the EN class, E 23 12 2 LR 12. Quality and quantity of the chemical composition of the generated fume particles in MMAW welding with the aforementioned electrodes was determined. The procedure was performed in the welding chamber made specifically for the purpose, according to the norm EN ISO 15011. The fume particle analysis was carried out using several spectroscopic methods: AAS, SEM-EDS and XPS methods, at the "Kemal Kapetanovic" Metallurgy Institute in Zenica and at IMT - Institute for Materials and Technologies in Ljubljana. The analysis of results obtained for each experimental electrode yielded conclusions regarding possible use. A second aspect of the problem of welding fumes focuses on the implementation of suitable protection measures for the welder and the environment, in keeping with the regulations on the protection and safety at work in the concrete conditions of the workplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
22. English constructions with directional particles and pre-positions -- patterns of Polish translation.
- Author
-
Chłopek, Dorota
- Subjects
ENGLISH language sentences ,ENGLISH grammar ,PREPOSITIONS ,POLISH language ,TRANSLATING & interpreting - Abstract
Copyright of Jezikoslovlje is the property of University of Osijek, Faculty of Philosophy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2010
23. SEASONAL TRENDS OF BENZO(a)PYRENE IN SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER IN URBAN AREAS OF BELGRADE, SERBIA.
- Author
-
Cvetković, Anka, Jovašević-Stojanović, Milena, Adjanski-Spasić, Ljiljana, Matić-Besarabić, Snežana, and Marković, Dragan A.
- Subjects
- *
AIR pollution , *PARTICULATE matter , *BENZOPYRENE , *POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons , *COMBUSTION , *PYROLYSIS - Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were identified to be one of the major toxic air pollutants in urban environment. PAHs are mostly formed during incomplete combustion or pyrolysis of organic material. According to Serbian National Legislation, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) concentration in total suspended particles (TSP) in ambient air in the Belgrade metropolitan area has been determined in the last ten years, as a part of a local air pollution monitoring program performed by the Public Health Institute of Belgrade and funded by Belgrade's Municipality. Air samples for analysis of BaP in suspended particles have been collected (as 24 h sample once per month) at selected monitoring sites within the municipal air quality monitoring network. At the beginning, according to National Regulation, all samples were taken as total suspended particles (TSP). Since mid-2008, the procedure of sampling methodology was harmonized with EU requirements and solid fraction PM10 has been collected and analyzed using GC/MS. In this study, we have analyzed results of TSP collected between 2005 and 2008. Looking through the results obtained during the period of a whole year, it can be noticed that concentrations of BaP were much higher during winter season at almost all measuring sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. ESTIMATING DOMESTIC WOOD BURNING EMISSIONS OF PARTICULATE MATTER IN TWO NORDIC CITIES BY COMBINING AMBIENT AIR OBSERVATIONS WITH RECEPTOR AND DISPERSION MODELS.
- Author
-
Denby, Bruce, Karl, Matthias, Laupsa, Herdis, Johansson, Christer, Pohjola, Mia, Karppinen, Ari, Kukkonen, Jaakko, Ketzel, Matthias, and Wåhlin, Peter
- Subjects
- *
PARTICULATE matter , *AIR quality , *BURNING of wood waste , *EMISSIONS (Air pollution) , *ANALYTICAL chemistry - Abstract
The major emission source of primary PM2.5 in many Nordic countries is wood burning for domestic heating. Though direct measurements of wood burning emissions are possible under controlled conditions, emission inventories for urban scale domestic heating are difficult to calculate and remain uncertain. As an alternative method for estimating these emissions, this paper makes use of ambient air measurements, chemical analysis of filter samples, receptor models, dispersion models, and simple inverse modelling methods to infer the emission strengths. A comparison of dispersion models with receptor models indicates that the dispersion models tend to overestimate the contribution from wood burning. The inverse modelling results are found to agree with those from the receptor modelling. Though both the receptor and inverse modelling point to an overestimation of the wood burning emissions of PM2.5, it is not possible to assign this solely to errors in the emissions inventory as a dispersion model error can be significant. It is recommended to improve plume rise and urban canopy meteorological descriptions in the dispersion models before these models are of sufficient quality to allow quantitative assessments of emission inventories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Analiza i predviđanje vibracija kotrljajnih kugličnih ležaja kontaminiranih nečistoćama s površinskih kopova uglja
- Author
-
Aleksandar Milivojević, Vesna Maksimović, Radivoje Mitrovic, and Žarko Mišković
- Subjects
bearings ,conveyor idlers ,coal mines ,contamination ,particles ,vibrations ,business.industry ,General Engineering ,Coal mining ,020101 civil engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Contamination ,Debris ,0201 civil engineering ,Vibration ,020303 mechanical engineering & transports ,0203 mechanical engineering ,Mining engineering ,lcsh:TA1-2040 ,Environmental science ,business ,lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,čestice ,kontaminacija ,kotrljajni ležaji ,rudnici uglja ,transportni valjci ,vibracije - Abstract
Analiza relevantne literature pokazuje da se vrlo mali broj istraživača bavi problematikom dinamičkog ponašanja kotrljajnih ležaja u realnim eksploatacijskim uvjetima – gdje je evidentno prisustvo visoke koncentracije čvrstih čestica nečistoća. Još uvek nisu ustanovljene matematičke korelacije između vibracijskih karakteristika kotrljajnih ležaja, vremena koje su proveli u eksploatacijskim uvjetima i razine koncentracije čestica nečistoća u njihovom mazivu. Upravo je rješavanje ovog problema glavni cilj opisanog istraživanja. Prvi je korak u njegovoj realizaciji bila detaljna analiza kemijskog sastava i strukture čestica nečistoća koje direktno uzrokuju otkaze kotrljajnih ležaja sa površinskih kopova uglja. Nakon toga, razvijena je i implementirana specifična eksperimentalna metodologija za ispitivanje vibracijskih karakteristika odabranih uzoraka kotrljajnih ležaja. Konačno, statističkom obradom dobivenih eksperimentalnih rezultata, utvrđena je nova matematička korelacija između navedenih karakteristika kotrljajnih ležaja., Analysis of the relevant literature has shown that only few researches are dealing with the bearings dynamic behaviour in real environmental conditions - where high concentration of solid contaminant particles is evident. There is still no established mathematical correlation between bearings vibration characteristics, working time and concentration level of contaminant particles in their grease. Solving this problem was the main goal of research described in this paper. First step was thorough analysis of the chemical composition and structure of contamination particles directly causing the sample bearings failure on open pit coal mines. After that, specific experimental methodology was developed and implemented. Finally, by processing of the experimental results, new mathematical correlation between listed bearings characteristics was determined.
- Published
- 2017
26. Particles in Contemporary Grammatical Descriptions
- Author
-
Perić, Petra and Glušac, Maja
- Subjects
suvremeni hrvatski rječnici ,modalne riječi ,suvremene hrvatske gramatike ,HUMANISTIČKE ZNANOSTI. Filologija. Kroatistika ,čestice ,HUMANISTIC SCIENCES. Philology. Croatian Studies - Abstract
Tema je ovog završnog rada opis čestica – nepromjenjive vrste riječi kojom se izražava govornikov stav prema onome o čemu se govori s obzirom na njegovo znanje, osjećanja i želje. Cilj je rada opisati čestice u suvremenim hrvatskim gramatičkim priručnicima i rječnicima te prikazati sličnosti, odnosno razlike u opisima. Prikazat će se kako opisi uvelike ovise o stupnju obrazovanja korisnika kojima su gramatike namijenjene. Opisom čestica u različitim suvremenim gramatikama objasnit će se razlike u pristupu česticama, ali i modalnim riječima te poštapalicama. Neujednačenosti opisa potvrdit će se i razlikama u rječničkim opisima.
- Published
- 2019
27. Maya - Particles
- Author
-
Zagorc, Ana and Bernik, Andrija
- Subjects
particles ,Autodesk Maya ,TECHNICAL SCIENCES. Graphic Technology. Processes of Graphic Reproduction ,emiteri ,dinamika ,polja ,dynamics ,emitters ,čestice ,fields ,TEHNIČKE ZNANOSTI. Grafička tehnologija. Procesi grafičke reprodukcije - Abstract
Maya čestice predstavljaju simulacijski sustav prikladan za izradu niza prirodnih pojava. U ovom radu će se predstaviti Maya čestice pomoću kojih se mogu izraditi simulacije, na primjer tekućine ili čestice koje se prenose u zraku kao što su kiša, snijeg, pepeo, iskre ili dim. Ovaj rad će započeti kratkim predstavljanjem programa Autodesk Maya i objasniti njegove glavne karakteristike i mogućnosti. Zatim će biti objašnjeni bitni elementi za stvaranje animacije kao što su dinamika, emiteri, polja te meka i kruta tijela. U praktičnom dijelu rada će se prikazati i u koracima objasniti izrada čestica koje emitiraju iz objekta. Cilj rada je prikazati što je sve moguće napraviti pomoću Maya čestica, za što se one koriste te u kojoj industriji se primjenjuju. Maya particles represent a simulation system suitable for creating a variety of natural phenomena. This paper presents Maya particles which are used to create simulations, for example liquid or particles transmitted through the air, such as rain, snow, ashes, sparks or smoke. This paper will begin with a short introduction of Autodesk Maya and explain its main features and possibilities. Then, essential elements for creating animation will be explained, such as dynamics, emitters, fields, and soft and rigid bodies. The practical part of the paper will demonstrate and explain the steps of creating particles emitted from an object. The aim of the paper is to show all the possibilities of Maya particles, what they are used for and which industries they are applied in.
- Published
- 2019
28. Model za evaluaciju rezultata merenja karakteristika praškastih materija zasnovan na elektronskoj mikroskopiji
- Author
-
Budak, Igor, Vučinić-Vasić, Milica, Hadžistević, Miodrag, Štrbac, Dragana, Kosec, Borut, Vujić, Bogdana, Ilić-Mićunović, Milana, Budak, Igor, Vučinić-Vasić, Milica, Hadžistević, Miodrag, Štrbac, Dragana, Kosec, Borut, Vujić, Bogdana, and Ilić-Mićunović, Milana
- Abstract
Istraživanje u okviru doktorske disertacije obuhvata uzorkovanja inhalativne frakcije praškastih materija generisane u zubotehničkoj laboratoriji i procesom brušenja čelika EN 90MnCrV8, primenu savremenih metodologija uzorkovanja, analizu uzorka laserskom difrakcijom i analizom slike, zasnovanom na mikrografijama skenirajućeg elektronskog mikroskopa i statističku obradu podataka. Osnovni cilj istraživanja je razvoj funkcionalnog modela za evaluaciju rezultata merenja karakteristika praškastih materija, koji je obuhvatio identifikaciju, procenu i vrednovanje karakteristika prahova, u cilju unapređenja tačnosti rezultata u vezi sa karakterizacijom čestica. Složena geometrija čestica je ispitana analizom 14 parametara, 6 koji definišu veličinu i 8 parametara koji opisuju morfološke karakteristike, upotrebom dva softvera za analizu slike. Dobijeni rezultati obrađeni su primenom metode analize glavnih komponenti i hijerarhijske klaster analize, čime se prevazišao problem subjektivnog prilaza i izvršila redukcija i selekcije reprezantativnih parametara na osnovu kojih se može dovoljno dobro definisati i okarakterisati uzorak., Тhis PhD thesis presented the development of the functional model for evaluation оf measuring results of powder materials’ characteristics, which involved the identification, assessment and evaluation of particles characteristics, in order to improve the accuracy of the results. Sampling of inhalation fraction of the powder materials’ was done in the dental laboratory and grinding process of the EN 90MnCrV8 steel. Particle analysis was performed whit laser diffraction and image analysis based on micrographics from scanning electron microscopy and data were statistically analyzed. The complex particle geometry was examined by analyzing 14 parameters, 6 which define the size and 8 parameters that describe the morphological characteristics, using two image analysis software. To deal with a large number of the numerical parameters used to characterise the particle geometry and the nonlinear relationships among these parameters, principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (CA) algorithm was applied to identify representative numerical descriptors within each group.
- Published
- 2018
29. Model za evaluaciju rezultata merenja karakteristika praškastih materija zasnovan na elektronskoj mikroskopiji
- Author
-
Ilić-Mićunović, Milana, Budak, Igor, Vučinić-Vasić, Milica, Hadžistević, Miodrag, Štrbac, Dragana, Kosec, Borut, and Vujić, Bogdana
- Subjects
Particulate ,laser difraction ,Čestice ,image analysis ,analiza slike ,SEM ,laserska difrakcija - Abstract
Istraživanje u okviru doktorske disertacije obuhvata uzorkovanja inhalativne frakcije praškastih materija generisane u zubotehničkoj laboratoriji i procesom brušenja čelika EN 90MnCrV8, primenu savremenih metodologija uzorkovanja, analizu uzorka laserskom difrakcijom i analizom slike, zasnovanom na mikrografijama skenirajućeg elektronskog mikroskopa i statističku obradu podataka. Osnovni cilj istraživanja je razvoj funkcionalnog modela za evaluaciju rezultata merenja karakteristika praškastih materija, koji je obuhvatio identifikaciju, procenu i vrednovanje karakteristika prahova, u cilju unapređenja tačnosti rezultata u vezi sa karakterizacijom čestica. Složena geometrija čestica je ispitana analizom 14 parametara, 6 koji definišu veličinu i 8 parametara koji opisuju morfološke karakteristike, upotrebom dva softvera za analizu slike. Dobijeni rezultati obrađeni su primenom metode analize glavnih komponenti i hijerarhijske klaster analize, čime se prevazišao problem subjektivnog prilaza i izvršila redukcija i selekcije reprezantativnih parametara na osnovu kojih se može dovoljno dobro definisati i okarakterisati uzorak. Тhis PhD thesis presented the development of the functional model for evaluation оf measuring results of powder materials’ characteristics, which involved the identification, assessment and evaluation of particles characteristics, in order to improve the accuracy of the results. Sampling of inhalation fraction of the powder materials’ was done in the dental laboratory and grinding process of the EN 90MnCrV8 steel. Particle analysis was performed whit laser diffraction and image analysis based on micrographics from scanning electron microscopy and data were statistically analyzed. The complex particle geometry was examined by analyzing 14 parameters, 6 which define the size and 8 parameters that describe the morphological characteristics, using two image analysis software. To deal with a large number of the numerical parameters used to characterise the particle geometry and the nonlinear relationships among these parameters, principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (CA) algorithm was applied to identify representative numerical descriptors within each group.
- Published
- 2018
30. Organic dust exposure in veterinary clinics: a case study of a small-animal practice in Portugal
- Author
-
Carla Viegas, Ana Monteiro, Edna Ribeiro, Liliana Aranha Caetano, Elisabete Carolino, Ricardo Assunção, and Susana Viegas
- Subjects
Aspergillus ,azole resistance ,bioburden ,particles ,Staphylococcus aureus ,azoli ,biološko opterećenje ,čestice ,rezistencija ,complex mixtures - Abstract
Literature about occupational health in small-animal veterinary practices is scarce, but most of it has recognised a number of risks to be considered, including organic dust exposure. The aim of this pilot study was to assess organic dust, bacterial, and fungal contamination in the indoor environment of a typical Portuguese veterinary clinic but also to screen for azoleresistant fungi. To complement these findings we also analysed workers’ nasal exudates for resistant bacteriota. Particles measurements included mass concentrations (PMC) of five particle sizes (PM0.5, PM1, PM2.5, PM5, PM10) and their counts (PNC). Indoor air samples were obtained from six locations as well as before and during cat dental cleaning and cultured on four media for bacterial and fungal assessment. An outdoor sample was also collected for reference Surface samples were taken from the same indoor locations using swabs and we also use electrostatic dust cloths as passive methods. PM10 showed the highest concentrations across the locations. Indoor air fungal loads ranged from 88 to 504 CFU m−3. The azole-resistant Aspergillus section Nigri was identified in one sample. Indoor air bacterial loads ranged from 84 to 328 CFU m-3. Nasopharyngeal findings in the 14 veterinary clinic workers showed a remarkably low prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus (7.1 %). Our results point to contamination with organic dusts above the WHO limits and to the need for better ventilation. Future studies should combine the same sampling protocol (active and passive methods) with molecular tools to obtain more accurate risk characterisation. In terms of prevention, animals should be caged in rooms separate from where procedures take place, and worker protection should be observed at all times., Literature o profesionalnom bolestima u veterinarskim stanicama za male životinje iznimno je malo, ali upućuje na niz zdravstvenih rizika koji valja uzeti u obzir, uključujući izloženost organskoj prašini. Cilj je ovoga pilot-istraživanja bio ocijeniti opterećenje organskom prašinom, bakterijama i gljivama u prostorijama jedne tipične portugalske veterinarske stanice, ali i utvrditi postoji li među gljivama rezistentnih na azole. Ove smo nalaze nadopunili nalazima rezistentnih bakterija u nosnom brisu. Mjerena je masena koncentracija čestica (PMC) u pet veličina (PM0.5, PM1, PM2.5, PM5, PM10), kao i njihov broj (PNC). Uzorci zraka uzeti su sa šest mjernih mjesta te prije i tijekom postupka čišćenja zuba mačaka na obradi. Uzorci su kultivirani na četirima medijima za bakterije i gljive. Za usporedbu je uzet i jedan uzorak vanjskoga zraka. Osim toga, uzorkovane su i površine na istim mjernim mjestima uzimanjem brisova i elektrostatskim krpama za prašinu. Čestice PM10 iskazale su najveće koncentracije na svim mjernim mjestima. Opterećenje gljivama kretalo se u rasponu od 88 do 504 CFU m-3. Aspergillus nigri otporan na azole identificiran je u jednom uzorku. Bakterijsko se opterećenje u zraku kretalo od 84 do 328 CFU m-3. Brisovi iz nosa 14 radnika u veterinarskoj stanici pokazali su iznimno nisku prevalenciju bakterije Staphylococcus aureus (7,1 %). Naši rezultati pokazali su da je kontaminacija organskom prašinom na većini mjernih mjesta bila viša od ograničenja Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije te upozorili na potrebu bolje ventilacije prostora. Buduća bi istraživanja trebala upotpuniti postojeće aktivno i pasivno uzorkovanje s molekularnim testovima, čime bi se dobila preciznija slika profesionalnog rizika. Što se prevencije tiče, kaveze sa životinjama trebalo bi držati u zasebnim prostorijama, a ne u onima u kojima se izvode postupci dijagnoze i liječenja, a radnici bi trebali nositi zaštitnu opremu cijelo vrijeme.
- Published
- 2018
31. Nesamostalne riječi u hrvatskoglagoljskom Klimantovićevu zborniku iz 1512
- Author
-
Lozić Knezović, Katarina and Vujović, Novica
- Subjects
fra Šimun Klimantović ,RitKlim ,hrvatski crkvenoslavenski jezik ,prijedlozi ,uzvici ,čestice ,veznici ,nesamostalne riječi - Abstract
Fra Šimun Klimantović franjevac je trećoredac kojemu se pripisuju četiri hrvatskoglagoljska rukopisa među kojima je i ritual/zbornik napisan 1512. godine (RitKlim). U članku je riječ o nesamostalnim riječima zabilježenima u RitKlim-u. Istražuje se njihov sastav, položaj i uloga koju imaju u tekstu. Riječ je o prijedlozima (npr. pri, vь, na, po, nad(ь), podь, za, ciĉь, meû, radi, pače), uzvicima (npr. amen(ь), gorê, oime, û, uvi, oboi, nu), česticama (npr. vistinu, že, da, godi, li, neka) i veznicima (npr. ako, ali, zač', erê, ter(e)) čija je funkcija u tekstu često i dvojaka. Opisivanjem stanja u Zborniku teži se uspostavljanju omjera upliva govornoga jezika u crkvenoslavensku jezičnu normu, utvrđivanja razlika u upotrebi nesamostalnih riječi s obzirom na vrstu teksta te utvrđivanju pisareva osobnoga pečata koji je umnogome vidljiv na stranicama Zbornika, kako u ritualnim tekstovima, tako i u onima svjetovnoga sadržaja.
- Published
- 2018
32. Encapsulation of resveratrol in spherical particles of food grade hydrogels
- Author
-
Balanč, Bojana, Trifković, Kata T., Pravilović, Radoslava, Đorđević, Verica, Marković, Smilja, Nedović, Viktor, Bugarski, Branko, Balanč, Bojana, Trifković, Kata T., Pravilović, Radoslava, Đorđević, Verica, Marković, Smilja, Nedović, Viktor, and Bugarski, Branko
- Abstract
The paper reports about the preparation and characterization of hydrogel particles containing liposomes loaded with resveratrol as an active compound. The materials used for preparation of the particles were chosen to be suitable for food industry. Different polymer concentrations affect particles shape, size, size distribution, as well as the release kinetics of resveratrol. The diameter of particles varied from 360 to 754 μm, while the narrow size distribution was observed for all types of particles. Release studies were performed in Franz diffusion cell and the results showed the prolonged release of resveratrol from all samples, but the sample with the highest content of polymer (2.5% w/w) in particular stood out. The research provides useful information about liposomes containing active compound encapsulated in hydrogel matrices and offers the basis for its application in the food industry., Ovaj rad daje podatke o pripremi i karakterizaciji čestica koje sadrže lipozome sa inkapsuliranom aktivnom komponentom resveratrolom. Komponente koje ulaze u sastav ovih čestica odabrane su tako da mogu jednostavno da se primene u prehrambenoj industriji. Prikazan je uticaj različitih koncentracija početnih rastvora polimera čija upotreba je dozvoljena u hrani, a samim tim i njihove viskoznosti na veličinu formiranih čestica, njihov oblik i raspodelu veličina, ali i na otpuštanje resveratrola iz ovih složenih sistema. Prečnik čestica bio je između 360 i 754 μm, dok je uska raspodela veličina detektovana u svim uzorcima. Otpuštanje resveratrola praćeno je u Francovoj difuzionoj ćeliji gde su rezultati ukazali na produženo oslobađanje resveratrola u svim uzorcima. Ipak, uzorak koji je imao najveći udeo polimera u početnom rastvoru (2,5% w/w) najsporije je otpuštao aktivnu komponentu. Ovi rezultati daju korisne podatke o kompleksnim sistemima gde je aktivna komponenta inkapsulirana u lipozome dalje obložena polimerom čime doprinose potencijalnoj aplikaciji ovih i sličnih sistema u prehrambene proizvode.
- Published
- 2017
33. Effect of particle size on the flowability of granulates
- Author
-
Posavec, Jelena and Hafner, Anita
- Subjects
particles ,indeks kompresibilnosti ,pharmaceutical powders ,flowability ,čestice ,tečenje ,nasipni kut ,BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Pharmacy. Pharmacy ,veličina čestica, raspodjela čestica po veličini, metoda prosijavanja, tečenje, farmaceutski prašci, Hausnerov omjer, indeks kompresibilnosti, brzina tečenja kroz otvor, nasipni kut ,Hausnerov omjer ,sieve method ,Hausner ratio ,farmaceutski prašci ,compressibility index ,BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Farmacija. Farmacija ,metoda prosijavanja ,angle of repose - Abstract
U farmaceutskoj industriji veliki udio sirovina je u obliku smjese prašaka različitih veličina i oblika te gustoće čestica. Ova svojstva prvenstveno utječu na pakiranje čestica, poroznost, homogenost, nasipnu gustoću i raslojavanje smjese prašaka te određuju reologiju praškastih smjesa. Reološka svojstva su ključna za većinu procesa u proizvodnji čvrstih ljekovitih oblika. Veličina čestica je svojstvo koje utječe na tečenje zbog pojave adhezivnosti/kohezivnosti, osim toga utječe na kemijska i fizička svojstva gotovih lijekova. Smjese prašaka koje su pripremljene različitim metodama sadrže čestice različitih veličina, raspodjela veličina čestica i oblika, te stoga pokazuju različito ponašanje. Cilj ovog rada je bio ispitati utjecaj veličine čestica na tečenje uzoraka pripremljenih različitim metodama granulacije. U tu svrhu je određena veličina čestica metodom prosijavanja, te je ispitano tečenje određivanjem indeksa kompresibilnosti i Hausnerovog omjera, nasipnog kuta i brzine tečenja kroz otvor. Proces granulacije rezultirao je povećanjem veličine čestica i poboljšanjem svojstava tečenja ispitivanog praškastog uzorka. Raspodjela veličina čestica uvelike je ovisila o metodi priprave granulata (vlažna vs suha granulacija). Granulati pripravljeni vlažnom granulacijom (konvencionalnim postupkom i u vrtložnom sloju) karakterizirani su većim volumno-površinskim promjerom (0,136 mm i 0,131 mm), užom raspodjelom veličina čestica (standardna geometrijska devijacija 1,679 i 2,089) te boljim svojstvima tečenja (indeks kompresibilnosti 9,93 ± 0,65 % i 12,68 ± 0,96 %; Hausnerov omjer 1,110 ± 0,020 i 1,145 ± 0,013; brzina tečenja kroz otvor 200 ml/(21,4 ± 0,2) s i 200 ml/(15,1 ± 0,4) s) od granulata pripravljenog suhim postupkom (volumno-površinski promjer 0,099 mm; standardna geometrijska devijacija 2,800; indeks kompresibilnosti 16,85 ± 0,83; Hausnerov omjer 1,203 ± 0,012; brzina tečenja kroz otvor 200 ml/(29,4 ± 0,3) s). Kombiniranjem više metoda određivanja svojstava tečenja omogućena je evaluacija različitih aspekata tečenja prašaka. In pharmaceutical industry the majority of ingredients is in the form of mixture of powders with different particle size, shape and density. These characteristics influence packing geometry, porosity, homogeneity, bulk density and segregation of the mixture determining rheology of the powders. Rheological properties are crucial for majority of processes in the production of solid dosage forms. The size of the particles is the characteristic which influences the flowability through the impact on the adhesive and cohesive forces, but also influences chemical and physical characteristics of medicinal product. The mixtures of powders prepared by different methods contain particles of different sizes, particle size distribution and shapes and therefore they show different behaviour. The aim of this study is to determine the influence of particle size on flowability of the samples which have been prepared by different methods of granulation. For that purpose, the particle size has been determined by the sieve method and the flowability has been examined by determining compressibility index, Hausner ratio, the angle of the repose and the flow rate through an orifice. The process of granulation has resulted in the increase of the particle size and improvement of the flowability characteristics of the powder sample. Particle size distribution greatly depended on the method used to prepare granulates (wet vs. dry granulation). Granulates prepared by wet method (conventional procedure and fluid-bed granulation) have been characterised as having bigger surface-volume diameter (0,136 mm and 0,131 mm), more narrow particle size distribution (geometric standard deviation 1,679 and 2,089) as well as improved flowability (compressibility index 9,93 ± 0,65 % and 12,68 ± 0,96 %; Hausner ratio 1,110 ± 0,020 and 1,145 ± 0,013; flow rate through an orifice 200 ml/(21,4 ± 0,2) s and 200 ml/(15,1 ± 0,4) s) in comparison with the granulate prepared by dry granulation method (surface-volume diameter 0,099 mm; geometric standard deviation 2,800; compressibility index 16,85 ± 0,83; Hausner ratio 1,203 ± 0,012; flow rate through an orifice 200 ml/(29,4 ± 0,3) s). Combining different methods in determining characteristics of the flowability has allowed evaluation of different aspects in the flowability of powders.
- Published
- 2017
34. Influence of process parameters on partical size of nanostructured lipid carriers
- Author
-
Vitić, Luka and Pepić, Ivan
- Subjects
nanostrukturitani lipidni nosači ,polydispersity ,polidisperznost ,nanostructured lipid carriers ,particals ,nanostrukturirani lipidni nosači, veličina čestica, poolidisperznost ,čestice ,BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Farmacija. Farmacija ,BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Pharmacy. Pharmacy - Abstract
Nanostrukturirani lipidni nosači (nanostructured lipid carriers; NLC) druga su generacija lipidnih nanočestica, a razvijeni su s ciljem poboljšanja nanoemulzija ili liposoma. Uklapanjem aktivne tvari u NLC postiže se dugotrajna kemijska stabilnost zaštitom od oksidacije, hidrolize i/ili fotokemijske razgradnje, a struktura i kompozicija NLC određuju profil oslobađanja tako uklopljenih tvari. Jedan od načina izrade NLC je upotrebom visokoturažnog homogenizatora uz (ultra)soniciranje. Cilj ovog diplomskog rada je ispitati utjecaj procesnih parametara izrade nanostrukturiranih lipidnih nosača postupkom visokoturažnog miješanja kombiniranog s postupkom soniciranja na veličinu i raspodjelu veličina izrađenih nanostrukturiranih lipidnih nosača, kao ključnog parametra kakvoće takvih sustava. Nanostrukturirani lipidni nosači pripravljeni su uz različite količine čvrstog i tekućeg lipida te emulgatora ili smjese emulgatora. a homogenizirani su pri različitim brzinama visokoturažnog miješanja. Veličina i disperznost čestica određena je fotonskom korelacijskom spektroskopijom, PCS. Iz rezultata određivanja veličine nanostrukturiranih lipidnih nosača moguće je opaziti da se s povećanjem brzine visokoturažnog miješanja smanjuje veličina nanostrukturiranih lipidnih nosača. Takva opažanja su očekivana jer je povećanjem brzine visokoturažnog miješanja izraženiji proces dispergiranja lipidne disperzne faze u vodenom disperzijskom sredstvu. Povećanjem brzine miješanja indeks polidisperznosti se smanjuje, dok povećanjem udjela vode raste. Značajke nanostrukturiranih lipidnih disperzija podvrgnute su i vizualnom ispitivanju pri čemu se zapažala njihova homogenost i izlučivanje na stijenku čaše. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) are the second generation of the lipid nanoparticle technology produced to improve nanoemulsions and liposomes. NLC are able to enhance the chemical stability of compounds sensitive to the light, oxidation and hydrolysis. Structure and composition of NLC determines release profil of incorpored compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate impact of process parameters for the production of NLC. High share homogenization and ultrasonication in association are techniques used to produce nanostructured lipid dispersions. Different partical size and polydispersity obtained by modification speed of homogenization and using different part of solid and liqid lipid, surfactant or mixtures of surfactant. Photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) is used for particle size and polydispersity measurments. The result present that with the increased speed of homogenization smaller particle size of nanostructured lipid carrier were obtained. Such observation are expected because increased speed result more pronaunces dispersing process of the lipid dispersion phase in the aqueous dispersion medium. By increasing the stirring speed, polydispersity is decreased, and increasing water content polydispersity is decreased. The features of nanostructured lipid dispersions were also subjected to a visual examination by observing their homogeneity and excretion on the glass wall.
- Published
- 2017
35. Determination of the influence of the process parameters on the size and zeta potential of the particles produced by spray drying
- Author
-
Lepur, Antonio and Cetina Čižmek, Biserka
- Subjects
JMP ,particles ,zeta potential ,sušenje raspršivanjem ,melatonin ,čestice ,zeta potencijal ,spraying drying ,BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Farmacija. Farmacija ,BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Pharmacy. Pharmacy - Abstract
U okviru ovog diplomskog rada uspješno je proveden i evaluiran plan pokusa sa svrhom ispitivanja utjecaja procesnih parametara na veličinu i naboj mikročestica s melatoninom pripravljenih tehnikom sušenja raspršivanjem. Poznavanje veličine čestica ishodnih sirovina te gotovih pripravaka važno je za terapijski učinak lijeka, stabilnost, oblikovanje i skladištenje. Naboj na površini čestica uvjetuje stabilnost uzorka, koja se manifestira većom otpornošću na flokulaciju i agregaciju čestica. Za dizajniranje plana pokusa te statističku obradu dobivenih podataka analize mikročestica s melatoninom korišten je JMP program. Temeljem statističke obrade utvrdili su se faktori s najvećim utjecajem na ispitivani parametar. Mijenjanjem procesnih parametara brzine pumpe (20-40 %), omjera lipida i kitozana (31,25-62,5) te temperature zraka (110-125 °C) dobiveno je 13 uzoraka mikročestica koje se razlikuju u veličini i vrijednosti Z-potencijala. Metodom linearne regresije nije dobivena krivulja koja pokazuje povezanost između predviđenih i dobivenih veličina čestica. Stoga je utvrđeno da u ispitanom području omjera lipida i kitozana, brzine pumpe te temperature sušenja ne dolazi do značajne promjene u veličini pripravljenih čestica. Matematičkom analizom JMP programa utvrđeno je da najveći utjecaj na vrijednost Z-potencijala ima omjer lipida i kitozana što je i očekivano budući da kitozan nosi pozitivan, a lipidna komponenta negativan naboj. Temperatura zraka ima umjeren utjecaj na Z-potencijal, dok brzina pumpe ima slabi utjecaj. Within this graduate thesis, a plan of experiments whose purpose was to examine the influence of process parameters on the size and charge of micro particles containing melatonin prepared using the spray drying technique was successfully carried out and evaluated. Knowing the size of the raw materials as well as the size of particles in the drug product is important for the therapeutic effect, stability, shaping and storage of the medication. The particles' surface charge influences the stability of the sample, which is manifested in a greater resilience to flocculation and aggregation of the particles. In order to design the experiment plan, and for the statistical analysis of the data acquired from the analysis of the micro particles containing melatonin the JMP program was used. The factors with the biggest influence on the target parameter were determined by the statistical analysis. By changing the process parameters of the pump speed (20-40 %), the lipid-chitosan ratio (31,25-62,5) and the air temperature (110-125 °C), 13 micro particle samples which differed in size and Z-potential values were obtained. Using the method of linear regression did not result in a curve that showed the linear relation between the predicted and obtained particle sizes. Therefore, it was determined that in the tested lipid-chitosan ratio, pump speed and drying temperature there were no significant changes in the size of the prepared particles. The mathematical analysis of the JMP program determined that the lipid-chitosan ratio has the biggest influence on the Z-potential value, which was expected seeing as chitosan carries a positive, whereas the lipid component carries a negative charge. The air temperature has a moderate influence on the Z-potential, while the speed pump has a weak influence.
- Published
- 2017
36. Influence of cyclodextrins on physical properties and stability of olive pomace extracts
- Author
-
Bučela, Ines and Vitali Čepo, Dubravka
- Subjects
particles ,cyclodextrins ,komina masline ,ciklodekstrini ,olive pomace ,čestice ,BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Farmacija. Farmacija ,Ciklodekstrini, komina masline, stabilnost, boja, veličina čestica ,BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Pharmacy. Pharmacy - Abstract
Pri proizvodnji maslinovog ulja nastaju velike količine dva nusprodukta: komina masline i otpadna voda. Oba su štetna za okoliš, a neki od polifenola koje nalazimo u komini masline (oleuropein, hidroksitirosol i tirosol) imaju dokazana antioksidacijska, protuupalna te druga pozitivna svojstva. Prepoznata je mogućnost iskorištavanja komine masline u svrhu formulacije stabilnog, tehnološki prihvatljivog ekstrakta polifenola masline te dobivanje proizvoda dodane vrijednosti uz ostvarivanje ekonomske i ekološke koristi. Cilj ovog rada bio je odrediti kojom će se kombinacijom vrsta i količina ciklodekstrina iz sušene, odmašćene i prosijane komine masline dobiti ekstrakt polifenola masline dobrih tehnoloških svojstava uz što veći prinos polifenola, optimalnu raspodjelu veličine čestica te optimalnu boju i zadovoljavajuću stabilnost. Zaključeno je da je primjena ekscipijensa nužna za formulaciju stabilnih ekstrakata komine masline obzirom da su nativni ekstrakti izrazito higroskopni te nakon kratke izloženosti atmosferi poprimaju ljepljiva i gumasta svojstva. Korištenjem ciklodekstrina dobiveni su ekstrakti svjetliji, crveniji i žući od nativnog ekstrakta. Najveće prosječne vrijednosti veličine čestica i najveći raspon veličine čestica dobiveni su kod uzorka pripremljenog uz dodatak γ-CD. Najmanje čestice dobivene su primjenom metβCD dok suhi ekstrakti sa HPβCD imaju najužu raspodjelu veličine čestica. Korištenjem γCD za pripremu suhog ekstrakta komine masline ne ostvaruje se pozitivan učinak na stabilnost analiziranih polifenola (HTS, TS i OLE). metβCD, HPβCD i βCD poboljšavaju stabilnost ekstrakata komine masline pri čemu je protektivan utjecaj βCD neusporedivo manji od metβCD, HPβCD pa upravo njih možemo smatrati ciklodekstrinima izbora za pripremu suhog ekstrakta komine. During the production of olive oil, large quantities of two byproducts are produced: olive pomace and waste water. Both are harmful to the environment, but some of the polyphenols found in olive pomace (oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol) have proven antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other positive properties. The possibility of using olive pomace in formulating a stable, technologically acceptable olive polyphenol extract has been recognized as the way of obtaining an added value product while achieving economic and ecological benefits. The goal of this paper was to determine the optimal combination of the type and the amount of cyclodextrins to be used for the extraction of olive pomace in the process of the preparation of olive polyphenol extracts with good technological properties and high antioxidant yields. It was concluded that the use of excipients is necessary for the formulation of stable olive pomace extracts since the naturally occurring extracts are highly hygroscopic and, after a short exposure to the atmosphere, they have sticky and gumble properties. Using cyclodextrins, the obtained extracts were lighter, redder and yellower than the native extract. The highest mean particle size values and the largest particle size range were obtained in the sample prepared with the addition of γ-CD. The smallest particles were obtained by using metβCD while the dry extracts with HPβCD had the narrowest particle size distribution. Using γ-CD for the preparation of dry olive extract didn't have positive effect on the stability of the analyzed polyphenols (HTS, TS and OLE). metβCD, HPβCD and βCD improved the stability of olive pomace extracts whereby the protective effect of β-CD is incomparably smaller than that of metβCD, HPβCD. Therefore we can consider metβCD and HPβCD to be the cyclodextrins of choice for the preparation of dry olive pomace extract.
- Published
- 2017
37. Skeletna animacija u unificiranome fizikalnom pogonu temeljenom na česticama
- Author
-
Lovrović, Bojan and Mihajlović, Željka
- Subjects
particle ,TEHNIČKE ZNANOSTI. Računarstvo ,GPGPU ,particle, physics, GPGPU, simulation, fluid simulation, unified solver, position-based dynamics ,unified solver ,čestice ,simulation ,simulacija ,TECHNICAL SCIENCES. Computing ,dinamika temeljena na poziciji ,simulacija fluida ,fizika ,fluid simulation ,physics ,unificirani rijesavac ,position based dynamics ,ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS - Abstract
Ova teza prezentira implementaciju sustava sličnog Nvidia Flex-u. Nadograđuje se na taj sustav sa implementacijom zglobova. Ovo svojstvo se moze iskoristiti za konstrukciju "krpene lutke" (popularnog sustava za prikazivanje fizicki pogonjene skeletalne animacije) na grafičkoj kartici, te s time ublažiti posao dodijeljen CPU. Također, za razliku od Flexa, kojemu treba Nvidijin GPU, ova teza i njezina implementacija je građena za grafičke kartice proizvoljnog proizvođača. Iako svako svojstvo Flexa nije uključeno, ona koja jesu su opsežnije objašnjena. This thesis presents an implementation of a system similar to Nvidia Flex. It improves upon Flex, with its implementation of joints. This feature can be utilized to construct a 'ragdoll' (a popular physical representation of a skeletal system) on the GPU, therefore alleviate the work on the CPU side. Also, unlike Flex, which requires a Nvidia GPU, this thesis and its implementation have been built with graphics hardware agnosticism. Although not every feature is implemented, features that are, do have more elaboration.
- Published
- 2017
38. Estate characteristics of private-owned forests in Croatia according to regions
- Author
-
Vladimir Kušan, Denis Stojsavljević, Dalibor Hatić, Josip Križan, and Alen Berta
- Subjects
privatne šume ,čestice ,posjed ,šumoposjednici ,klaster analiza ,private owned forests ,cadastral plots ,estate ,forest landlords ,cluster analysis ,Forestry - Abstract
Privatne šume prema Šumskogospodarskoj osnovi RH 2006-2015 zauzimaju 22 % ukupne površine šuma i šumskog zemljišta u RH tj. oko 600.000 ha. Neke od značajki privatnih šuma su: da se radi o sitnim česticama i posjedima, na istoj površini nalazi se veći broj posjednika te iznimna nesređenost podataka u katastru. U ovom radu obrađeni su podaci o česticama i posjednicima iz 319 katastarskih općina (KO) raspoređenih u 5 regija Republike Hrvatske tj. u 53 gospodarske jedinice šuma šumoposjednika. Površinski uzorak predstavlja 8,74 % RH tj. prema ŠGO RH 15,69 % privatnih šuma RH. Osim prikaza sumarnih podataka po regijama, provedene su i dvije klaster analize radi dodatne karakterizacije regija. Prva klaster analiza se odnosi na varijable posjedništva: srednja površina čestica unutar KO obuhvaćenih programima gospodarenja šumama šumoposjednika (u daljem tekstu Programima), srednja površina posjeda unutar KO obuhvaćenim Programima te srednja količina posjednika na posjedovnim listovima unutar KO obuhvaćenim Programom. Druga klaster analiza se odnosi na varijable površina: ukupna površina KO, omjer zašumljenih površina šumama šumoposjednika pojedinačnih KO te omjer „nešumskog“ zemljišta prema katastarskom načinu uporabe obuhvaćenih Programima.Ovo istraživanje dalo nam je uvid u najizraženiju značajku određene regije, kao i u jedinstvene odnose unutar promatranih značajki svake regije. Analizom je utvrđeno da se regije Istra i Kvarner, Slavonija te središnja Hrvatska više razlikuju od ostalih po vlasničkim varijablama, dok su regije Dalmacija te Gorski kotar i Lika bolje okarakterizirane prostornim varijablama. Također, kao rezultat klaster analiza potvrđeno je više zakonitosti vezanih za veličinu šumske čestice i količinu posjednika tj. za udio privatnih šuma u KO i udio „nešumskog“ zemljišta obuhvaćenim Programima., Private owned forests occupy 22 % of the total forest and forest land area i.e. approximately 600,000 ha, according to Forest Management Plan for the area of the Republic of Croatia. Some of the private owned forest characteristics are as follows: small cadastral plots and estates, large number of landlords for the same area and great discrepancy of cadastral data. In this research, analyzed data about cadastral plots and landlords are taken from 319 cadastral municipalities (CM) distributed in 5 regions of the Republic of Croatia as well in 53 private owned forest management units. The sample represents 8.74 % of the Croatian area i.e. 15.69 % of the private owned forest area, according to the Forest Management Plan for the area of the Republic of Croatia. In addition to the statistical characteristic of the cadastral plots regarding regions, two cluster analyses are performed for better characterization of the regions. The first cluster analysis refers to the possession variables: average area of the cadastral plots inside CMs included in private-owned forest management plans (P-FMP), average area of the estates inside CMs included in P-FMP and average amount of the landlords in possession sheets by CMs included in P-FMP. Second cluster analysis refers to spatial variables: total area of the CMs, ratio of the forested areas by private-owned forests and ratio of the „non-forest” land according to cadastral land use data included in P-FMP.This research gave us an insight about the most pronounced characteristic of each region and about unique relation of the observed characteristics for each region.This research defines that regions Istria and Kvarner, Slavonija and central Croatia are more differentiated from the other regions in terms of possession variables, whilst the regions of Gorski kotar, Lika and Dalmatia are better explained with spatial variables as differentiation factor from other regions. Few principles are also confirmed as the results of the cluster analysis, for example the relation between the size of the cadastral plots and number of the landlords as well as relation regarding private owned forests ratio and ratio of the „non-forest“ land included in P-FMP.
- Published
- 2017
39. Encapsulation of resveratrol in spherical particles of food grade hydrogels
- Author
-
N Radoslava Pravilovic, D Bojana Balanc, T Kata Trifkovic, B Smilja Markovic, M Branko Bugarski, B Verica Djordjevic, and A Viktor Nedovic
- Subjects
Materials science ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,Resveratrol ,čestice ,resveratrol ,release ,otpuštanje ,sodium alginate ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,2. Zero hunger ,particles ,lcsh:TP368-456 ,sferičnost ,Food grade ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,040401 food science ,Encapsulation (networking) ,lcsh:Food processing and manufacture ,chemistry ,Self-healing hydrogels ,0210 nano-technology ,alginat ,sphericity - Abstract
The paper reports about the preparation and characterization of hydrogel particles containing liposomes loaded with resveratrol as an active compound. The materials used for preparation of the particles were chosen to be suitable for food industry. Different polymer concentrations affect particles shape, size, size distribution, as well as the release kinetics of resveratrol. The diameter of particles varied from 360 to 754 μm, while the narrow size distribution was observed for all types of particles. Release studies were performed in Franz diffusion cell and the results showed the prolonged release of resveratrol from all samples, but the sample with the highest content of polymer (2.5% w/w) in particular stood out. The research provides useful information about liposomes containing active compound encapsulated in hydrogel matrices and offers the basis for its application in the food industry. Ovaj rad daje podatke o pripremi i karakterizaciji čestica koje sadrže lipozome sa inkapsuliranom aktivnom komponentom resveratrolom. Komponente koje ulaze u sastav ovih čestica odabrane su tako da mogu jednostavno da se primene u prehrambenoj industriji. Prikazan je uticaj različitih koncentracija početnih rastvora polimera čija upotreba je dozvoljena u hrani, a samim tim i njihove viskoznosti na veličinu formiranih čestica, njihov oblik i raspodelu veličina, ali i na otpuštanje resveratrola iz ovih složenih sistema. Prečnik čestica bio je između 360 i 754 μm, dok je uska raspodela veličina detektovana u svim uzorcima. Otpuštanje resveratrola praćeno je u Francovoj difuzionoj ćeliji gde su rezultati ukazali na produženo oslobađanje resveratrola u svim uzorcima. Ipak, uzorak koji je imao najveći udeo polimera u početnom rastvoru (2,5% w/w) najsporije je otpuštao aktivnu komponentu. Ovi rezultati daju korisne podatke o kompleksnim sistemima gde je aktivna komponenta inkapsulirana u lipozome dalje obložena polimerom čime doprinose potencijalnoj aplikaciji ovih i sličnih sistema u prehrambene proizvode.
- Published
- 2017
40. Nepromjenjive riječi u 'Činu svetac' Kožičićeva 'Misala hruackoga'
- Author
-
Kovačević, Ana
- Subjects
nepromjenjive riječi ,prilozi ,veznici ,prijedlozi ,čestice ,uzvici ,Šimun Kožičić ,hrvatski crkvenoslavenski jezik - Abstract
U radu se raščlanjuju nepromjenjive riječi u "Činu svetac" Kožičićeva "Misala hruackoga". Zatečeno je stanje uspoređeno s ranijim razdobljima hrvatskoga crkvenoslavenskoga jezika kao prilog definiranju Kožičićeve koncepcije književnoga jezika.
- Published
- 2014
41. Model elastične tkanine
- Author
-
Sladović, Janko and Mihajlović, Željka
- Subjects
sustav masa i opruga ,mass-springs system ,TECHNICAL SCIENCES. Computing ,TEHNIČKE ZNANOSTI. Računarstvo ,tkanine ,čestice ,elastični modeli ,sust a v masa i opruga ,sjenčanje ,C# ,OpenGL ,čestice [tkanine] ,elastic models ,cloth particles ,shading - Abstract
Prikaz tkanina u računalnoj grafici je vrlo opsežno i zahtjevno područje s potencijalno velikom primjenom. U ovom radu je objašnjeno na koje je sve načine moguće simulirati tkanine te su dana tri potencijalno iskoristiva modela. Ti modeli su implementirani i detaljno analizirani. Svakom modelu su istaknute prednosti i nedostaci u odnosu na ostale. Dodatno je analizirano kakav utjecaj na pojedini model imaju njegovi parametri te je analizirana razlika u brzini izvođenja pojedinih modela. Sav programski kod napisan u radu je pisan u programskom jeziku C# te OpenGLu. Cloth simulation in computer graphics is an extensive and complicated area with a potentially wide array of uses. This thesis analyses various methods of simulating cloth and presents three potentially usebale models. Those models have been implemented and analysed in detail. Every model had it's advantages and disadvantages presented in comparison to the others. In addition, the effect of various parameters for each model has been analysed and their performances have been tested. All the programming code has been written in the programming language C# and in OpenGL.
- Published
- 2014
42. DEKLINACIJA NELIČNIH ZAMJENICA U BOSANSKO-HUMSKIM POVELJAMA S POSEBNIM OSVRTOM NA ZAMJENICE S NAVESCIMA: -zi, -r/-re i -i
- Author
-
Amira Turbić-Hadžagić
- Subjects
declination ,non-personal pronouns ,documents from Bosnia and Hum ,particles ,deklinacija ,osobne zamjenice ,bosansko-humske povelje ,čestice - Abstract
Korpus bosanskih tekstova ograničen je na do danas sačuvanih 75 originalnih bosaničnih pravnih tekstova (45 povelja, 11 potvrda, 3 darovnice, 13 pisama, 1 trgovački ugovor, 1 priznanica i 1 zakletva) koji su nezaobilazni dio kulturne i jezične baštine bosansko-humskog (hercegovačkog) tla. Jedna darovnica nalazi se u Arhivu Bosne i Hercegovine u Sarajevu (Darovnica kralja Dabiše kćeri Stani i knezu Juriju Radivojeviću od 26. 4. 1395.); dvije povelje su u Zemaljskome muzeju u Sarajevu (Povelja kralja Tvrtka velikom vojvodi Hrvoju Vukčiću od 12. 3. 1380. i Povelja kralja Stjepana Tomaša sinovima Ivanca Jurčinića iz 1459. godine) dok se ostala građa nalazi u Beču, Budimpešti, Dubrovniku, Londonu, Sankt Peterburgu i Zagrebu. Pravni bosanični tekstovi srednjovjekovne Bosne neiscrpna su vrela za kulturnu povijest jer su ostali sačuvani u svome izvornome obliku i njihova je vrijednost neprocjenjiva za jezikoslovce, povjesničare, filologe, povjesničare prava i druge znanstvenike koje mogu zanimati ovi tekstovi. Svi oblici neličnih zamjenica u N jd. m. i s. roda razlikuju palatalne od nepalatalnih varijanti. Prisutno je križanje i supostojanje neličnih zamjenica dvaju sistema (staroslavenskoga i starobosanskoga) u srednjovjekovnom periodu. Zamjenice za sva tri roda jednine i množine imaju čestice -zi, -r/-re i -i u svrsi navezaka koji ne utječu na značenje zamjenica. Povremeno dolazi do interferiranja i supostojanja staroslavenskih i starobosanskih jezičnih elemenata (G jd. m. roda bezь vьsega; kьto ~ ko). Preovladavaju starobosanski jezični elemenati (našim drazimь, našega, našim, ôda vsega, ĉa, ĉo), koji su premoćniji u odnosu na staroslavenske. U procesu izgradnje zajedničkoga književnoga srednjovjekovnog idioma sastavljenoga od elemenata dvaju sistema, staroslavenskoga i starobosanskoga, znatno sudjeluju bosansko-humski pisari. Kod neličnih zamjenica u bosaničnim pravnim tekstovima prisutno je postojanje bosanske redakcije., Im Artikel werden die Formen der unpersönlichen Pronomina in den mittelalterlichen Urkunden aus Bosnien und Hum im Hinblick auf ihre Partikeln -zi, -r/-re und -i, die keine bedeutungsmodifizierende Funktion haben, untersucht, z. B.: vьsega togazi, za sizi dohodьkь, ôvêm- zi uvêtôm(ь), da nitkorь togai, nikimьre delomь, so ôvei i so ônei strane. Die häufigsten Pronomenformen mit hinzugefügten Partikeln sind im Nominativ, Genitiv und Akkusativ belegt. In einem Teil der Belege ist eine Interferenz und Koexistenz von altslawischen und altbosnischen Sprachelementen nachweisbar (Gen. Sg. Mask. bezь vьsega; kьto ~ ko). Die altbosnischen Sprachelemente (našim drazimь, našega, našim, ôda vsega, ĉa, ĉo) sind im Vergleich zu den altslawischen häufiger vertreten.
- Published
- 2014
43. UTJECAJ ČESTICA ZAVARIVAČKOG DIMA NASTALIH REL ZAVARIVANJEM Cr-Ni RUTILNO OBLOŽENOM ELEKTRODOM NA ZDRAVLJE ZAVARIVAČA I ZAŠTITU
- Author
-
Razija Begić, Azra Imamović, and Ramo Halilagić
- Subjects
zavarivački dim ,čestice ,visokolegirane Cr-Ni elektrode ,zaštita zdravlja ,welding fumes ,particles ,ultra LEGe CrNi electrodes ,health protection - Abstract
Zavarivački dimovi nastaju pri većini postupaka elektrolučnog zavarivanja. Najštetniji sastojci zavarivačkog dima kod zavarivanja s visokolegiranim Cr-Ni elektrodama su šesterovalentni krom (Cr VI), Ni, Mo, Mn, itd., a štetnim su se pokazali i mnogi drugi sastojci čestica zavarivačkog dima. Radi se o akutnim i kroničnim učincima na respiratorni sustav te kancerogenim utjecajima. Eksperimentalna istraživanja provedena su sa 6 laboratorijskih visokolegiranih Cr-Ni rutilnih elektroda izrađenih prema vlastitoj recepturi u laboratoriju tvornice za izradu dodatnog materijala za zavarivanje ,,ELEKTRODA” Zagreb koje predstavljaju varijante komercijalne elektrode u klasi elektroda označenih prema EN, E 23 12 2 LR 12. Utvrđen je kvalitativni i kvantitativni kemijski sastav nastalih čestica dima tijekom REL postupka zavarivanja s navedenim elektrodama koji se izvodio u zavarivačkoj komori načinjenoj namjenski za tu svrhu prema normi EN ISO 15011. Analiza čestica dima provedena je s nekoliko spektroskopskih metoda, i to: AAS, SEM-EDS i XPS metodom u Metalurškom institutu ,,Kemal Kapetanović“, Zenica i Institutu za materijale i tehnologije IMT, Ljubljana. Nakon analize u skladu s dobivenim rezultatima za svaku eksperimentalnu elektrodu doneseni su zaključci o mogućnosti primjene. Drugo stajalište problematike zavarivačkih dimova podrazumijeva primjenu odgovarajućih mjera zaštite zavarivača i okoline u skladu s propisima o zaštiti i sigurnosti na radu u konkretnim uvjetima na radnom mjestu., Welding fumes are generated during most types of MMAW welding. The most harmful substances in welding fumes using CrNi electrodes are hexavalent chromium (Cr VI), Ni, Mo, Mn, etc. with many other substances in welding fumes also proven harmful. The unwanted impacts include acute and chronic effects on the respiratory system as well as carcinogenic effects. Experimental studies were carried out using 6 laboratory ultra LEGe CrNi rutile electrodes manufactured according to the formula developed in the lab of company ''ELEKTRODA'' Zagreb manufacturing auxiliary welding supplies. They are a variation of the commercial electrode of the EN class, E 23 12 2 LR 12. Quality and quantity of the chemical composition of the generated fume particles in MMAW welding with the aforementioned electrodes was determined. The procedure was performed in the welding chamber made specifically for the purpose, according to the norm EN ISO 15011. The fume particle analysis was carried out using several spectroscopic methods: AAS, SEM-EDS and XPS methods, at the “Kemal Kapetanović” Metallurgy Institute in Zenica and at IMT – Institute for Materials and Technologies in Ljubljana. The analysis of results obtained for each experimental electrode yielded conclusions regarding possible use. A second aspect of the problem of welding fumes focuses on the implementation of suitable protection measures for the welder and the environment, in keeping with the regulations on the protection and safety at work in the concrete conditions of the workplace.
- Published
- 2013
44. Čestice u nastavi južnoslavenskih jezika
- Author
-
Karlić, Virna and Tušek, Jelena
- Subjects
čestice ,južnoslavenski jezici ,nastava ,gramatika - Abstract
U radu su prikazane poteškoće koje se javljaju prilikom podučavanja čestica u nastavi južnoslavenskih jezika.
- Published
- 2013
45. The Placement of Functional Words
- Author
-
Ivo Pranjković
- Subjects
particles ,ddc:490 ,pronouns ,lcsh:Slavic languages. Baltic languages. Albanian languages ,lcsh:PG1-9665 ,conjunctions ,adverbs ,functional words ,word order ,red riječi ,suznačne riječi ,zamjenice ,prilozi ,čestice ,veznici - Abstract
U prilogu je riječ o raspoređivanju suznačnih riječi, i to zamjenica i priloga (upitnih i odnosnih), čestica i veznika, u rečenicama ili surečenicama. To su riječi koje služe za povezivanje surečenica u sastavu nezavisnosloženih i zavisnosloženih rečenica (konjunktori i subjunktori) ili za povezivanje rečenica na razini teksta (konektori), za izražavanje raznolikih modalnih značenja, za označavanje upitnosti, za isticanje, za poticanje, za nijekanje i sl. Takve se riječi dijele u dvije skupine s obzirom na to mogu li funkcionirati i kao članovi rečeničnoga ustrojstva (zamjeničke riječi) ili ne mogu (ostala vezna sredstva i čestice). Riječi iz ove druge skupine mogle bi se (bar sa sintaktičkoga stajališta) nazvati suznačnima u užem smislu. Osobita će se pozornost posvetiti raspoređivanju suznačnih riječi ili spojeva koji, čiji, i, ni, niti, a, ali, ili, što, samo što, da, zar, zar da, kao da. Bit će također riječi i o raspoređivanju suznačnih (zamjeničkih) riječi u situacijama u kojima te riječi dolaze u funkcijama koje međusobno kolidiraju, npr. u funkciji subjunktora i u funkciji nesročnoga atributa, npr. To su pravila primjena kojih zahtijeva punu koncentraciju. odnosno To su pravila kojih primjena zahtijeva punu koncentraciju., The paper focuses on placement of functional words, primarily pronouns and adverbs (interrogative and relational), particles and conjunctions, in complex or coordinated sentences. These words connect coordinated clauses into complex coordinated and subordinated sentences (conjunctions and subjunctions) or connect sentences at the textual level (connectors). Their purpose is also to express various modal meanings, or mark interrogatives, emphasise, entice, negate, etc. Such words are divided into two groups depending on whether they can also function as members of the sentence structure (pronouns) or not (other means of linking and particles). Words belonging to the latter group could (at least from the syntactic perspective) be termed functional in the narrower sense. Special attention will be given to the placement of the following functional/linking words: koji, čiji, i, ni, niti, a, ali, ili, što, samo što, da, zar, zar da, kao da. Placement of functional words (pronouns) in situations in which these words appear in functions that mutually collide, such as cases where the functional word functions as a subjunction and an attribute that does not agree with the noun with respect to the case (e.g. To su pravila primjena kojih zahtijeva punu koncentraciju., that is, To su pravila kojih primjena zahtijeva punu koncentraciju.) will also be discussed.
- Published
- 2013
46. Animacija nestlačivih fluida temeljena na metodi SPH
- Author
-
Mikuš, Bruno
- Subjects
grafika ,fluid ,simulacija ,animacija ,hidrodinamika ,čestice ,izglađivanje svojstava ,jezgrene funkcije ,SPH ,viskoznost ,površinska napetost ,OpenGL ,GLSL ,metakugle ,polje sličica ,pokretne kocke ,sjenčanje geometrije - Abstract
U animiranoj grafici jedan od vedih izazova je animacija fluida i postoje mnoge uspješne metode od kojih je među najpopularnijima metoda hidrodinamike izglađenih čestica. U ovom radu napravljen je pregled područja i radova koji su definirali i oblikovali SPH sustave. Dan je opis i pojašnjenje fizike fluida, razmotreni su efekti fluida poput viskoznosti i površinske napetosti te definirani pojmovi vezani uz SPH metodu kao što su jezgrene funkcije i izglađivanje svojstava. Navedene su neke česte metode prikaza fluida. Na kraju je opisana implementacija kompletnog sustava.
- Published
- 2012
47. Računalna dinamika fluida temeljena na sustavu čestica
- Author
-
Vukčević, Vuko
- Subjects
računalna dinamika fluida ,hidrodinamika izglađenih čestica ,jezgrene funkcije ,čestice ,Poiseuille – ovo strujanje - Abstract
U ovom radu se razmatra numerička metoda za rješavanje problema dinamike fluida forumulirana koncepcijom sustava čestica, metoda hidrodinamike izglađenih čestica (engleski „Smoothed particle hydrodynamics“, u daljnjem tekstu skraćeno SPH metoda). SPH metoda kontinuum diskretizira konačnim brojem čestica koje nose fizikalna svojstva, a za koje se rješavaju spomenute jednadžbe. U svrhu formulacije metode, opisane su integralne aproksimacije prostorne funkcije i njene derivacije pomoću jezgrenih funkcija, te su dani izrazi za aproksimaciju česticama. Prikazane su neke često korištene jezgrene funkcije. Uvjeti koje te funkcije moraju zadovoljiti u svrhu očuvanja konzistentnosti određenog reda su detaljno razmotreni. Također su dani uvjeti konzistentnosti aproksimacije česticama. Na temelju prethodnih razmatranja mogu se jednostavno izvesti obične diferencijalne jednadžbe za pojedinu česticu, koje ovise o vremenu. Time se problem svodi sa sustava parcijalnih diferencijalnih jednadžbi na skup običnih diferencijalnih jednadžbi. Razvijen je računalni kod za rješavanja Poiseulle-ovog strujanja. Pokazano je da se dobiveni rezultati dobro slažu s analitičkim rezultatima predloženim od strane Morris et al., čime je metoda potvrđena. Kao i svaka numerička metoda, i SPH metoda ima svoje prednosti i nedostatke koji su primijećeni kroz praksu i kroz teorijska razmatranja, te su ovdje prikazani.
- Published
- 2012
48. Obradba čestica u suvremenim gramatikama hrvatskoga jezika
- Author
-
Josić, Ljubica
- Subjects
čestice ,gramatički opis ,razdjelbeni kriteriji - Abstract
Čestice se u hrvatskome jeziku kao vrsta riječi teško mogu obuhvatiti cjelovitim gramatičkim opisom. Njihova uloga u promjeni značenja iskaza kojega su dio kao i riječi različitih semantičkih obilježja koje mogu biti u njihovoj ulozi čine gramatički opis čestica složenim. U radu se opisi čestica u suvremenim gramatikama hrvatskoga jezika analiziraju s ciljem usustavljivanja razlikovnosti primijenjenih kriterija, ponajviše sintaktičkih i stilističkih.
- Published
- 2011
49. Pojmovnik iz moderne fizike i zaštite od ionizirajućeg zračenja
- Author
-
Nodilo, Marijana, Petković, Tomislav, and Ines Krajcar Bronić, Nevenka Kopjar, Mirta Milić, Gina Branica
- Subjects
Pojmovnik ,Ionizirajućr zračenje ,Radionuklidi ,Čestice ,Nuklearne konstante ,Dozimetrija i jedinice ,Detekcija zračenja ,Detektori ,Nuklearna elektrana ,ALARA ,Zaštita i sigurnost u akceleratorskim postrojenjima - Abstract
Pojmovnik abecednim redom donosi niz pojmova iz kemije, zaštite od zračenja, eksperimentalne nuklearne fizike i fizike čestica. Pojmovnik daje opće pojmove dozimetrije, dozimetre, jedinice, jedinice koje nisu u uporabi, administrativne kontrole i postupke, nadzorne mjere i učinke izloženosti ionizirajućem zračenju. Posebna je pozornost posvećena pojmovima iz djelokruga radiokemijskog laboratorija i akceleratorskih postrojenja sa snopovima na nižim energijama.
- Published
- 2011
50. English constructions with directional particles and prepositions – patterns of Polish translation
- Author
-
Dorota Chlopek
- Subjects
prijevodni obrasci ,čestice ,prijedlozi ,događajna shema kretanja ,putanja kretanja ,sateliti ,leksikalizacija ,patterns of translation ,particles ,prepositions ,Motion event ,Path of motion ,satellites ,lexicalisation - Abstract
In this paper, I argue that expressing English constructions lexicalising Path in Motion events in Polish may present problems – for non-native students of English and for translators – because of different lexicalisation patterns based on speech habits built upon an inflected language. I show a series of examples of English utterances with constructions denoting Path through satellites (which are verb particles) and through prepositional phrases, rendered into Polish. I have structured them according to four main ways of translating such constructions that are consistently followed by Polish translators, which I have labelled ‘patterns’ of translation. The objective of presenting those patterns is to bring certain regularities related to using English constructions with particles and prepositions to the attention of both students and translators in Poland and other Slavic speaking communities., U prilogu se tvrdi da se pri prijevodu engleskih konstrukcija koje leksikaliziraju putanju u događajnoj shemi kretanja u poljskom mogu pojaviti poteškoće kod učenika engleskog jezika i prevoditelja zbog različitih obrazaca leksikalizacije u flektivnom jeziku. Prikazuje se niz engleskih iskaza s konstrukcijama koje označavaju putanju pomoću satelita (koji su glagolske čestice) i prijedložnih izraza te njihovi prijevodi na poljski. Pokazuje se da poljski prevoditelji konzistentno rabe četiri glavna načina prevođenja takvih rečenica, tj. četiri glavna prijevodna obrasca. Ukazuje se na određene pravilnosti glede porabe engleskih konstrukcija s česticama i prijedlozima koje bi mogle biti od koristi kako studentima tako i prevoditeljima u Poljskoj i drugim zajednicama slavenskog govornog područja.
- Published
- 2010
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.