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In view of the problem that the overlying goaf and the water-rich superimposed effect of the aquifer threaten the safe mining of the working face, taking Buertai Coal Mine of Shendong Coal Group as the research object, the techniques of surface geological drilling, drilling core fine cataloguing, surface-to-underground geophysical exploration, underground directional drilling, exploration-mining comparison are comprehensively adopted, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and similar material simulation are used to reveal the mechanism of water-rich superimposed disaster in Buertai Coal Mine under 4-2 coal roof excavation disturbance. According to the comprehensive detection result of water-rich dangerous area and the precise regional treatment method of directional drilling, the accurate prevention and control mode of water disaster in advance of directional drilling of mining face was built, and the water-rich area was treated by engineering. The accumulated water quantity of 52 800 m3 was released, which realized the safe and efficient and smooth recovery of typical working face and effectively controlled the disaster caused by the disturbance and water-rich superposition of coal mining in 4-2 mine.