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Your search keyword '"‘t Hoen, P.A.C. (Peter A. C.)"' showing total 7 results
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7 results on '"‘t Hoen, P.A.C. (Peter A. C.)"'

1. Genome-wide identification of genes regulating DNA methylation using genetic anchors for causal inference

Author

Hop, P.J. (Paul J.), Luijk, R. (René), Daxinger, L. (Lucia), Iterson, M. (Maarten) van, Dekkers, K.F. (Koen F.), Jansen, R. (Rick), Meurs, J.B.J. (Joyce) van, 't Hoen, P.A.C. (Peter A C), Ikram, M.A. (Arfan), van Greevenbroek, M.M.J. (Marleen M J), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Slagboom, P.E. (Eline), Veldink, J.H. (Jan), Zwet, E.W. (Erik) van, Heijmans, B.T. (Bastiaan T.), Hop, P.J. (Paul J.), Luijk, R. (René), Daxinger, L. (Lucia), Iterson, M. (Maarten) van, Dekkers, K.F. (Koen F.), Jansen, R. (Rick), Meurs, J.B.J. (Joyce) van, 't Hoen, P.A.C. (Peter A C), Ikram, M.A. (Arfan), van Greevenbroek, M.M.J. (Marleen M J), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Slagboom, P.E. (Eline), Veldink, J.H. (Jan), Zwet, E.W. (Erik) van, and Heijmans, B.T. (Bastiaan T.)

Abstract

BACKGROUND: DNA methylation is a key epigenetic modification in human development and disease, yet there is limited understanding of its highly coordinated regulation. Here, we identify 818 genes that affect DNA methylation patterns in blood using large-scale population genomics data. RESULTS: By employing genetic instruments as causal anchors, we establish directed associations between gene expression and distant DNA methylation levels, while ensuring specificity of the associations by correcting for linkage disequilibrium and pleiotropy among neighboring genes. The identified genes are enriched for transcription factors, of which many consistently increased or decreased DNA methylation levels at multiple CpG sites. In addition, we show that a substantial number of transcription factors affected DNA methylation at their experimentally determined binding sites. We also observe genes encoding proteins with heterogenous functions that have widespread effects on DNA methylation, e.g., NFKBIE, CDCA7(L), and NLRC5, and for several examples, we suggest plausible mechanisms underlying their effect on DNA methylation. CONCLUSION: We report hundreds of genes that affect DNA methylation and provide key insights in the principles underlying epigenetic regulation.

Published
2020
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2. Evaluation of commonly used analysis strategies for epigenome- and transcriptome-wide association studies through replication of large-scale population studies

Author

van Rooij, J. (Jeroen), Mandaviya, P.R. (Pooja), Claringbould, A. (Annique), Felix, J.F. (Janine), Dongen, J. (Jenny) van, Jansen, R. (Rick), Franke, L. (Lude), 't Hoen, P.A.C. (Peter A C), Heijmans, B. (Bas), Meurs, J.B.J. (Joyce) van, van Rooij, J. (Jeroen), Mandaviya, P.R. (Pooja), Claringbould, A. (Annique), Felix, J.F. (Janine), Dongen, J. (Jenny) van, Jansen, R. (Rick), Franke, L. (Lude), 't Hoen, P.A.C. (Peter A C), Heijmans, B. (Bas), and Meurs, J.B.J. (Joyce) van

Abstract

BACKGROUND: A large number of analysis strategies are available for DNA methylation (DNAm) array and RNA-seq datasets, but it is unclear which strategies are best to use. We compare commonly used strategies and report how they influence results in large cohort studies. RESULTS: We tested the associations of DNAm and RNA expression with age, BMI, and smoking in four different cohorts (n = ~ 2900). By comparing strategies against the base model on the number and percentage of replicated CpGs for DNAm analyses or genes for RNA-seq analyses in a leave-one-out cohort replication approach, we find the choice of the normalization method and statistical test does not strongly influence the results for DNAm array data. However, adjusting for cell counts or hidden confounders substantially decreases the number of replicated CpGs for age and increases the number of replicated CpGs for BMI and smoking. For RNA-seq data, the choice of the normalization method, gene expression inclusion threshold, and statistical test does not strongly influence the results. Including five principal components or excluding correction of technical covariates or cell counts decreases the number of replicated genes. CONCLUSIONS: Results were not influenced by the normalization method or statistical test. However, the correction method for cell counts, technical covariates, principal components, and/or hidden confounders does influence the results.

Published
2019
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3. Search for Early Pancreatic Cancer Blood Biomarkers in Five European Prospective Population Biobanks Using Metabolomics

Author

Fest, J. (Jesse), Vijfhuizen, L.S. (Lisanne S.), Goeman, J.J. (Jelle), Veth, O. (Olga), Joensuu, A. (Anni), Perola, M. (Markus), Männistö, S. (Satu), Ness-Jensen, E. (Eivind), Hveem, K. (Kristian), Haller, T. (Toomas), Tonisson, N. (Neeme), Mikkel, K. (Kairit), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Ikram, M.A. (Arfan), Stricker, B.H.Ch. (Bruno), Ruiter, T.R. (Rikje), Eijck, C.H.J. (Casper) van, Ommen, G.J. (Gert) van, ʼt Hoen, P.A.C. (Peter A C), Fest, J. (Jesse), Vijfhuizen, L.S. (Lisanne S.), Goeman, J.J. (Jelle), Veth, O. (Olga), Joensuu, A. (Anni), Perola, M. (Markus), Männistö, S. (Satu), Ness-Jensen, E. (Eivind), Hveem, K. (Kristian), Haller, T. (Toomas), Tonisson, N. (Neeme), Mikkel, K. (Kairit), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Ikram, M.A. (Arfan), Stricker, B.H.Ch. (Bruno), Ruiter, T.R. (Rikje), Eijck, C.H.J. (Casper) van, Ommen, G.J. (Gert) van, and ʼt Hoen, P.A.C. (Peter A C)

Abstract

Most patients with pancreatic cancer present with advanced disease and die within the first year after diagnosis. Predictive biomarkers that signal the presence of pancreatic cancer in an early stage are desperately needed. We aimed to identify new and validate previously found plasma metabolomic biomarkers associated with early stages of pancreatic cancer. Prediagnostic blood samples from individuals who were to receive a diagnosis of pancreatic

Published
2019
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4. Mendelian randomization integrating GWAS and eQTL data reveals genetic determinants of complex and clinical traits

Author

Porcu, E. (Eleonora), Rüeger, S. (Sina), Lepik, K. (Kaido), Agbessi, M. (Mawussé), Ahsan, H. (Habibul), Alves, I. (Isabel), Andiappan, A.K. (Anand Kumar), Arindrarto, W. (Wibowo), Awadalla, P. (Philip), Battle, A. (Alexis), Beutner, F. (Frank), Jan Bonder, M. (Marc), Boomsma, D. (Dorret), Christiansen, M. (Mark), Claringbould, A. (Annique), Deelen, P. (Patrick), Esko, T. (Tõnu), Favé, M.-J. (Marie-Julie), Franke, L. (Lude), Frayling, T.M. (Timothy), Gharib, S.A. (Sina), Gibson, G. (Gregory), Heijmans, B.T. (Bastiaan T.), Hemani, G. (Gibran), Jansen, R. (Rick), Kähönen, M. (Mika), Kalnapenkis, A. (Anette), Kasela, S. (Silva), Kettunen, J. (Johannes), Kim, Y. (Yungil), Kirsten, H. (Holger), Kovacs, P. (Peter), Krohn, K. (Knut), Kronberg-Guzman, J. (Jaanika), Kukushkina, V. (Viktorija), Lee, B. (Bernett), Lehtimäki, T. (Terho), Loeffler, M. (Markus), Marigorta, U.M. (Urko), Mei, H. (Hailang), Milani, L. (Lili), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant), Müller-Nurasyid, M. (Martina), Nauck, M. (Matthias), Nivard, M. (Michel), Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Perola, M. (Markus), Pervjakova, N. (Natalia), Pierce, A. (Andrew), Powell, J. (Joseph), Prokisch, H. (Holger), Psaty, B.M. (Bruce), Raitakari, O. (Olli), Ripatti, S. (Samuli), Rotzschke, O. (Olaf), Saha, A. (Ashis), Scholz, M. (Markus), Schramm, K. (Katharina), Seppälä, I. (Ilkka), Slagboom, P.E. (Eline), Stehouwer, C.D. (Coen), Stumvoll, M. (Michael), Sullivan, P.F. (Patrick), ‘t Hoen, P.A.C. (Peter A. C.), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Thiery, J. (Joachim), Tong, L. (Lin), Tönjes, A. (Anke), van Dongen, J. (Jenny), Iterson, M. (Maarten) van, Meurs, J. (J.) van, Veldink, J.H. (Jan), Verlouw, J.A.M. (Joost), Visscher, P.M. (Peter M.), Völker, U. (Uwe), Võsa, U. (Urmo), Westra, H.-J. (Harm-Jan), Wijmenga, C. (Cisca), Yaghootkar, H. (Hanieh), Yang, J. (Jian), Zeng, B. (Biao), Zhang, F. (Futao), Beekman, M. (Marian), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Bot, J.J. (Jan), Deelen, J. (Joris), Hofman, B.A. (Bert A.), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Isaacs, A.J. (Aaron), Bonder, M.J. (Marc), Jhamai, P.M. (Mila), Kielbasa, S.M. (Szymon M.), Lakenberg, N. (Nico), Luijk, R. (René), Mei, H. (Hailiang), Moed, H. (Heleen), Nooren, I. (Irene), Pool, R. (Reńe), Schalkwijk, C.G. (Casper), Stehouwer, C.D.A. (Coen D. A.), Suchiman, H.E.D. (H. Eka D.), Swertz, M.A. (Morris A.), Tigchelaar, E.F. (Ettje F.), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Berg, L.H. (Leonard) van den, Breggen, R. (Ruud) van der, Kallen, C.J. van der, Dijk, F. (Freerk) van, Dongen, J. (Jenny) van, Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Van Galen, M. (Michiel), van Greevenbroek, M.M.J. (Marleen M. J.), Heemst, D. (Diana) van, Meurs, J.B.J. (Joyce) van, van Rooij, J. (Jeroen), van’t Hof, P. (Peter), Zwet, E.W. (Erik) van, Vermaat, M. (Martijn), Verbiest, M.M.P.J. (Michael), Verkerk, M. (Marijn), Zhernakova, D.V. (Dasha V.), Zhernakova, S. (Sasha), Santoni, F.A. (Federico A.), Reymond, A. (Alexandre), Kutalik, Z. (Zoltán), Porcu, E. (Eleonora), Rüeger, S. (Sina), Lepik, K. (Kaido), Agbessi, M. (Mawussé), Ahsan, H. (Habibul), Alves, I. (Isabel), Andiappan, A.K. (Anand Kumar), Arindrarto, W. (Wibowo), Awadalla, P. (Philip), Battle, A. (Alexis), Beutner, F. (Frank), Jan Bonder, M. (Marc), Boomsma, D. (Dorret), Christiansen, M. (Mark), Claringbould, A. (Annique), Deelen, P. (Patrick), Esko, T. (Tõnu), Favé, M.-J. (Marie-Julie), Franke, L. (Lude), Frayling, T.M. (Timothy), Gharib, S.A. (Sina), Gibson, G. (Gregory), Heijmans, B.T. (Bastiaan T.), Hemani, G. (Gibran), Jansen, R. (Rick), Kähönen, M. (Mika), Kalnapenkis, A. (Anette), Kasela, S. (Silva), Kettunen, J. (Johannes), Kim, Y. (Yungil), Kirsten, H. (Holger), Kovacs, P. (Peter), Krohn, K. (Knut), Kronberg-Guzman, J. (Jaanika), Kukushkina, V. (Viktorija), Lee, B. (Bernett), Lehtimäki, T. (Terho), Loeffler, M. (Markus), Marigorta, U.M. (Urko), Mei, H. (Hailang), Milani, L. (Lili), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant), Müller-Nurasyid, M. (Martina), Nauck, M. (Matthias), Nivard, M. (Michel), Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Perola, M. (Markus), Pervjakova, N. (Natalia), Pierce, A. (Andrew), Powell, J. (Joseph), Prokisch, H. (Holger), Psaty, B.M. (Bruce), Raitakari, O. (Olli), Ripatti, S. (Samuli), Rotzschke, O. (Olaf), Saha, A. (Ashis), Scholz, M. (Markus), Schramm, K. (Katharina), Seppälä, I. (Ilkka), Slagboom, P.E. (Eline), Stehouwer, C.D. (Coen), Stumvoll, M. (Michael), Sullivan, P.F. (Patrick), ‘t Hoen, P.A.C. (Peter A. C.), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Thiery, J. (Joachim), Tong, L. (Lin), Tönjes, A. (Anke), van Dongen, J. (Jenny), Iterson, M. (Maarten) van, Meurs, J. (J.) van, Veldink, J.H. (Jan), Verlouw, J.A.M. (Joost), Visscher, P.M. (Peter M.), Völker, U. (Uwe), Võsa, U. (Urmo), Westra, H.-J. (Harm-Jan), Wijmenga, C. (Cisca), Yaghootkar, H. (Hanieh), Yang, J. (Jian), Zeng, B. (Biao), Zhang, F. (Futao), Beekman, M. (Marian), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Bot, J.J. (Jan), Deelen, J. (Joris), Hofman, B.A. (Bert A.), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Isaacs, A.J. (Aaron), Bonder, M.J. (Marc), Jhamai, P.M. (Mila), Kielbasa, S.M. (Szymon M.), Lakenberg, N. (Nico), Luijk, R. (René), Mei, H. (Hailiang), Moed, H. (Heleen), Nooren, I. (Irene), Pool, R. (Reńe), Schalkwijk, C.G. (Casper), Stehouwer, C.D.A. (Coen D. A.), Suchiman, H.E.D. (H. Eka D.), Swertz, M.A. (Morris A.), Tigchelaar, E.F. (Ettje F.), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Berg, L.H. (Leonard) van den, Breggen, R. (Ruud) van der, Kallen, C.J. van der, Dijk, F. (Freerk) van, Dongen, J. (Jenny) van, Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Van Galen, M. (Michiel), van Greevenbroek, M.M.J. (Marleen M. J.), Heemst, D. (Diana) van, Meurs, J.B.J. (Joyce) van, van Rooij, J. (Jeroen), van’t Hof, P. (Peter), Zwet, E.W. (Erik) van, Vermaat, M. (Martijn), Verbiest, M.M.P.J. (Michael), Verkerk, M. (Marijn), Zhernakova, D.V. (Dasha V.), Zhernakova, S. (Sasha), Santoni, F.A. (Federico A.), Reymond, A. (Alexandre), and Kutalik, Z. (Zoltán)

Abstract

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified thousands of variants associated with complex traits, but their biological interpretation often remains unclear. Most of these variants overlap with expression QTLs, indicating their potential involvement in regulation of gene expression. Here, we propose a transcriptome-wide summary statistics-based Mendelian Randomization approach (TWMR) that uses multiple SNPs as instruments and multiple gene expression traits as exposures, simultaneously. Applied to 43 human phenotypes, it uncovers 3,913 putatively causal gene–trait associations, 36% of which have no genome-wide significant SNP nearby in previous GWAS. Using independent association summary statistics, we find that the majo

Published
2019
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5. Autosomal genetic variation is associated with DNA methylation in regions variably escaping X-chromosome inactivation

Author

Luijk, R. (René), Wu, H. (Haoyu), Ward-Caviness, C.K. (Cavin K.), Hannon, E. (Eilis), Carnero-Montoro, E. (Elena), Min, J. (Josine), Mandaviya, P.R. (Pooja), Müller-Nurasyid, M. (Martina), Mei, H. (Hailiang), Maarel, S.M. (Silvre) van der, Beekman, M. (Marian), der Breggen, R. (Ruud van), Deelen, J. (Joris), Lakenberg, N. (Nico), Moed, H. (Heleen), Suchiman, H.E.D. (Eka), Arindrarto, W. (Wibowo), van’t Hof, P. (Peter), Jan Bonder, M. (Marc), Deelen, P. (Patrick), Tigchelaar, E.F. (Ettje F.), Zhernakova, A. (Alexandra), Zhernakova, D.V. (Dasha V.), Dongen, J. (Jenny) van, Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Pool, R. (Reńe), Isaacs, A. (Aaron), Hofman, B.A. (Bert A.), Jhamai, M. (Mila), Kallen, C.J. van der, Schalkwijk, C.G. (Casper), Stehouwer, C.D. (Coen), Berg, L.H. (Leonard) van den, Van Galen, M. (Michiel), Vermaat, M. (Martijn), van Rooij, J. (Jeroen), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Verbiest, M.M.P.J. (Michael), Verkerk, M. (Marijn), Kielbasa, P.S.M. (P. Szymon M.), Bot, J.J. (Jan), Nooren, I. (Irene), Dijk, F. (Freerk) van, Swertz, M.A. (Morris A.), Heemst, D. (Diana) van, Relton, C.L. (Caroline), Mill, J. (Jonathan), Waldenberger, M. (Melanie), Bell, J.T. (Jordana T.), Jansen, R. (Rick), Franke, L. (Lude), ‘t Hoen, P.A.C. (Peter A. C.), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Greevenbroek, M.M. van, Veldink, J.H. (Jan), Wijmenga, C. (Cisca), Meurs, J.B.J. (Joyce) van, Daxinger, L. (Lucia), Slagboom, P.E. (Eline), Zwet, E.W. (Erik) van, Heijmans, B.T. (Bastiaan T.), Luijk, R. (René), Wu, H. (Haoyu), Ward-Caviness, C.K. (Cavin K.), Hannon, E. (Eilis), Carnero-Montoro, E. (Elena), Min, J. (Josine), Mandaviya, P.R. (Pooja), Müller-Nurasyid, M. (Martina), Mei, H. (Hailiang), Maarel, S.M. (Silvre) van der, Beekman, M. (Marian), der Breggen, R. (Ruud van), Deelen, J. (Joris), Lakenberg, N. (Nico), Moed, H. (Heleen), Suchiman, H.E.D. (Eka), Arindrarto, W. (Wibowo), van’t Hof, P. (Peter), Jan Bonder, M. (Marc), Deelen, P. (Patrick), Tigchelaar, E.F. (Ettje F.), Zhernakova, A. (Alexandra), Zhernakova, D.V. (Dasha V.), Dongen, J. (Jenny) van, Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Pool, R. (Reńe), Isaacs, A. (Aaron), Hofman, B.A. (Bert A.), Jhamai, M. (Mila), Kallen, C.J. van der, Schalkwijk, C.G. (Casper), Stehouwer, C.D. (Coen), Berg, L.H. (Leonard) van den, Van Galen, M. (Michiel), Vermaat, M. (Martijn), van Rooij, J. (Jeroen), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Verbiest, M.M.P.J. (Michael), Verkerk, M. (Marijn), Kielbasa, P.S.M. (P. Szymon M.), Bot, J.J. (Jan), Nooren, I. (Irene), Dijk, F. (Freerk) van, Swertz, M.A. (Morris A.), Heemst, D. (Diana) van, Relton, C.L. (Caroline), Mill, J. (Jonathan), Waldenberger, M. (Melanie), Bell, J.T. (Jordana T.), Jansen, R. (Rick), Franke, L. (Lude), ‘t Hoen, P.A.C. (Peter A. C.), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Greevenbroek, M.M. van, Veldink, J.H. (Jan), Wijmenga, C. (Cisca), Meurs, J.B.J. (Joyce) van, Daxinger, L. (Lucia), Slagboom, P.E. (Eline), Zwet, E.W. (Erik) van, and Heijmans, B.T. (Bastiaan T.)

Abstract

X-chromosome inactivation (XCI), i.e., the inactivation of one of the female X chromosomes, restores equal expression of X-chromosomal genes between females and males. However, ~10% of genes show variable degrees of escape from XCI between females, although little is known about the causes of variable XCI. Using a discovery data-set of 1867 females and 1398 males and a replication sample of 3351 females, we show that genetic variation at three autosomal loci is associated with female-specific changes in X-chromosome methylation. Through cis-eQTL expression analysis, we map these loci to the genes SMCHD1/METTL4, TRIM6/HBG2, and ZSCAN9. Low-expression alleles of the loci are predominantly associated with mild hypomethylation of CpG islands near genes known to variably escape XCI, implicating the autosomal genes in variable XCI. Together, these results suggest a genetic basis for variable escape from XCI and highlight the potential of a population genomics approach to identify genes involved in XCI.

Published
2018
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6. Skewed X-inactivation is common in the general female population

Author

Shvetsova, E. (Ekaterina), Sofronova, A. (Alina), Monajemi, R. (Ramin), Gagalova, K. (Kristina), Draisma, G. (Gerrit), White, S.J. (Stefan), Santen, G.W.E. (Gijs), Chuva De Sousa Lopes, S.M. (Susana M.), Heijmans, B.T. (Bastiaan T.), van Meurs, J. (Joyce), Jansen, R. (Rick), Franke, L. (Lude), Kielbasa, S.M. (Szymon M.), Dunnen, J.T. (Johan) den, ‘t Hoen, P.A.C. (Peter A. C.), Heijmans, B.T. (Bastiaan T), Meurs, J.B.J. (Joyce) van, Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Pool, R. (Reńe), Dongen, J. (Jenny) van, Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Greevenbroek, M.M. van, Stehouwer, C.D. (Coen Da), Kallen, C.J. van der, Schalkwijk, C.G. (Casper), Wijmenga, C. (Cisca), Zhernakova, S. (Sasha), Tigchelaar, E.F. (Ettje F.), Slagboom, P.E. (Eline), Beekman, M. (Marian), Deelen, J. (Joris), Heemst, D. (Diana) van, Veldink, J.H. (Jan), Berg, L.H. (Leonard) van den, Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Hofman, B.A. (Bert A), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Jhamai, P.M. (Mila), Verbiest, M.M.P.J. (Michael), Suchiman, H.E.D. (H Eka D), Verkerk, M. (Marijn), Breggen, R. (Ruud) van der, van Rooij, J. (Jeroen), Lakenberg, N. (Nico), Mei, S. (Shan), Bot, J. (Jan), Zhernakova, D.V. (Dasha V), van ’t Hof, P. (Peter), Deelen, P. (Patrick), Nooren, I. (Irene), Moed, H. (Heleen), Vermaat, M. (Martijn), Luijk, R. (René), Jan Bonder, M. (Marc), Iterson, M. (Maarten) van, van Dijk, F. (Freerk), Van Galen, M. (Michiel), Arindrarto, W. (Wibowo), Swertz, M.A. (Morris A), Zwet, E.W. (Erik) van, Isaacs, A.J. (Aaron), Francioli, L.C. (Laurent), Menelaou, A. (Androniki), Pulit, S.L. (Sara), Dijk, F. (Freerk) van, Palamara, P.F. (Pier Francesco), Elbers, C.C. (Clara), Neerincx, P.B.T. (Pieter B T), Ye, K. (K.), Guryev, V. (Victor), Kloosterman, W. (Wp), Abdellaoui, A. (Abdel), van Leeuwen, E. (Em), Oven, M. (Mannis) van, Li, M. (M.), Laros, J. (Jf), Karssen, L.C. (Lennart), Kanterakis, A. (Alexandros), Amin, N. (Najaf), Hottenga, J. (Jj), Lameijer, E. (Ew), Kattenberg, V.M. (Mathijs), Dijkstra, M. (Martijn), Byelas, H. (Heorhiy), Setten, J. (Jessica) van, van Schaik, B. (Bd), Bot, J.J. (Jan), Nijman, I. (Ij), Renkens, I. (Ivo), Marschall, T. (Tanja), Schönhuth, A. (A.), Hehir-Kwa, J. (Jayne), Handsaker, R.E. (Robert), Polak, P., Sohail, M. (Mashaal), Vuzman, D. (Dana), Hormozdiari, F. (Fereydoun), Enckevort, D. (David) van, Mei, H. (H.), Koval, V. (Vyacheslav), Moed, M. (Mh), van der Velde, K. (Kj), Rivadeneira Ramirez, F. (Fernando), Estrada Gil, K. (Karol), Medina-Gomez, M.C. (Carolina), McCarroll, S. (Sa), de Craen, A. (Aj), Suchiman, H. (He), Hofman, B. (Ba), Oostra, B.A. (Ben), Uitterlinden, A. (Ag), Willemsen, G.A.H.M. (Gonneke), Platteel, I. (Inge), Veldink, J. (Jh), van den Berg, L. (Lh), Pitts, S. (Sj), Potluri, S. (Shobha), Sundar, P. (Purnima), Cox, D. (Dr), Sunyaev, S. (Sr), den Dunnen, J. (Jt), Stoneking, M. (Mark), Knijff, P. (Peter) de, Kayser, M.H. (Manfred), Li, Q. (Q.), Li, Y. (Y.), Du, Y. (Y.), Chen, R. (R.), Cao, H. (H.), Li, N. (N.), Cao, S. (Sherry), Wang, J. (J.), Bovenberg, J.A. (Jasper), Peer, I. (Itsik), Slagboom, P. (Pe), van Duijn, C. (Cm), Boomsma, D. (Di), van Ommen, G. (Gj), de Bakker, P. (Pi), Swertz, M. (Ma), Wijmenga, C. (C.), Shvetsova, E. (Ekaterina), Sofronova, A. (Alina), Monajemi, R. (Ramin), Gagalova, K. (Kristina), Draisma, G. (Gerrit), White, S.J. (Stefan), Santen, G.W.E. (Gijs), Chuva De Sousa Lopes, S.M. (Susana M.), Heijmans, B.T. (Bastiaan T.), van Meurs, J. (Joyce), Jansen, R. (Rick), Franke, L. (Lude), Kielbasa, S.M. (Szymon M.), Dunnen, J.T. (Johan) den, ‘t Hoen, P.A.C. (Peter A. C.), Heijmans, B.T. (Bastiaan T), Meurs, J.B.J. (Joyce) van, Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Pool, R. (Reńe), Dongen, J. (Jenny) van, Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Greevenbroek, M.M. van, Stehouwer, C.D. (Coen Da), Kallen, C.J. van der, Schalkwijk, C.G. (Casper), Wijmenga, C. (Cisca), Zhernakova, S. (Sasha), Tigchelaar, E.F. (Ettje F.), Slagboom, P.E. (Eline), Beekman, M. (Marian), Deelen, J. (Joris), Heemst, D. (Diana) van, Veldink, J.H. (Jan), Berg, L.H. (Leonard) van den, Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Hofman, B.A. (Bert A), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Jhamai, P.M. (Mila), Verbiest, M.M.P.J. (Michael), Suchiman, H.E.D. (H Eka D), Verkerk, M. (Marijn), Breggen, R. (Ruud) van der, van Rooij, J. (Jeroen), Lakenberg, N. (Nico), Mei, S. (Shan), Bot, J. (Jan), Zhernakova, D.V. (Dasha V), van ’t Hof, P. (Peter), Deelen, P. (Patrick), Nooren, I. (Irene), Moed, H. (Heleen), Vermaat, M. (Martijn), Luijk, R. (René), Jan Bonder, M. (Marc), Iterson, M. (Maarten) van, van Dijk, F. (Freerk), Van Galen, M. (Michiel), Arindrarto, W. (Wibowo), Swertz, M.A. (Morris A), Zwet, E.W. (Erik) van, Isaacs, A.J. (Aaron), Francioli, L.C. (Laurent), Menelaou, A. (Androniki), Pulit, S.L. (Sara), Dijk, F. (Freerk) van, Palamara, P.F. (Pier Francesco), Elbers, C.C. (Clara), Neerincx, P.B.T. (Pieter B T), Ye, K. (K.), Guryev, V. (Victor), Kloosterman, W. (Wp), Abdellaoui, A. (Abdel), van Leeuwen, E. (Em), Oven, M. (Mannis) van, Li, M. (M.), Laros, J. (Jf), Karssen, L.C. (Lennart), Kanterakis, A. (Alexandros), Amin, N. (Najaf), Hottenga, J. (Jj), Lameijer, E. (Ew), Kattenberg, V.M. (Mathijs), Dijkstra, M. (Martijn), Byelas, H. (Heorhiy), Setten, J. (Jessica) van, van Schaik, B. (Bd), Bot, J.J. (Jan), Nijman, I. (Ij), Renkens, I. (Ivo), Marschall, T. (Tanja), Schönhuth, A. (A.), Hehir-Kwa, J. (Jayne), Handsaker, R.E. (Robert), Polak, P., Sohail, M. (Mashaal), Vuzman, D. (Dana), Hormozdiari, F. (Fereydoun), Enckevort, D. (David) van, Mei, H. (H.), Koval, V. (Vyacheslav), Moed, M. (Mh), van der Velde, K. (Kj), Rivadeneira Ramirez, F. (Fernando), Estrada Gil, K. (Karol), Medina-Gomez, M.C. (Carolina), McCarroll, S. (Sa), de Craen, A. (Aj), Suchiman, H. (He), Hofman, B. (Ba), Oostra, B.A. (Ben), Uitterlinden, A. (Ag), Willemsen, G.A.H.M. (Gonneke), Platteel, I. (Inge), Veldink, J. (Jh), van den Berg, L. (Lh), Pitts, S. (Sj), Potluri, S. (Shobha), Sundar, P. (Purnima), Cox, D. (Dr), Sunyaev, S. (Sr), den Dunnen, J. (Jt), Stoneking, M. (Mark), Knijff, P. (Peter) de, Kayser, M.H. (Manfred), Li, Q. (Q.), Li, Y. (Y.), Du, Y. (Y.), Chen, R. (R.), Cao, H. (H.), Li, N. (N.), Cao, S. (Sherry), Wang, J. (J.), Bovenberg, J.A. (Jasper), Peer, I. (Itsik), Slagboom, P. (Pe), van Duijn, C. (Cm), Boomsma, D. (Di), van Ommen, G. (Gj), de Bakker, P. (Pi), Swertz, M. (Ma), and Wijmenga, C. (C.)

Abstract

X-inactivation is a well-established dosage compensation mechanism ensuring that X-chromosomal genes are expressed at comparable levels in males and females. Skewed X-inactivation is often explained by negative selection of one of the alleles. We demonstrate that imbalanced expression of the paternal and maternal X-chromosomes is common in the general population and that the random nature of the X-inactivation mechanism can be sufficient to explain the imbalance. To this end, we analyzed blood-derived RNA and whole-genome sequencing data from 79 female children and their parents from the Genome of the Netherlands project. We calculated the median ratio of the paternal over total counts at all X-chromosomal heterozygous single-nucleotide variants with coverage ≥10. We identified two individuals where the same X-chromosome was inactivated in all cells. Imbalanced expression of the two X-chromosomes (ratios ≤0.35 or ≥0.65) was observed in nearly 50% of the population. The empirically observed skewing is explained by a theoretical model where X-inactivation takes place in an embryonic stage in which eight cells give rise to the hematopoietic compartment. Genes escaping X-inactivation are expressed from both alleles and therefore demonstrate less skewing than inactivated genes. Using this characteristic, we identified three novel escapee genes (SSR4, REPS2, and SEPT6), but did not find support for many previously reported escapee genes in blood. Our collective data suggest that skewed X-inactivation is common in the general population. This may contribute to manifestation of symptoms in carriers of recessive X-linked disorders. We recommend that X-inactivation results should not be used lightly in the interpretation of X-linked variants.

Published
2018
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7. Genome-wide identification of directed gene networks using large-scale population genomics data

Author

Luijk, R. (René), Dekkers, K.F. (Koen F.), Iterson, M. (Maarten) van, Arindrarto, W. (Wibowo), Claringbould, A. (Annique), Hop, P. (Paul), Beekman, M. (Marian), Breggen, R. (Ruud) van der, Deelen, J. (Joris), Lakenberg, N. (Nico), Moed, H. (Heleen), Suchiman, H.E.D. (Eka), van ’t Hof, P. (Peter), Bonder, M.J. (Marc), Deelen, P. (Patrick), Tigchelaar, E.F. (Ettje F.), Zhernakova, A. (Alexandra), Zhernakova, D.V. (Dasha V.), Dongen, J. (Jenny) van, Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Pool, R. (Reńe), Isaacs, A. (Aaron), Hofman, B.A. (Bert A.), Jhamai, M. (Mila), Kallen, C.J. van der, Schalkwijk, C.G. (Casper), Stehouwer, C.D. (Coen), Berg, L.H. (Leonard) van den, Van Galen, M. (Michiel), Vermaat, M. (Martijn), van Rooij, J. (Jeroen), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Verbiest, M.M.P.J. (Michael), Verkerk, M. (Marijn), Kielbasa, P.S.M. (P. Szymon M.), Bot, J.J. (Jan), Nooren, I. (Irene), Dijk, F. (Freerk) van, Swertz, M.A. (Morris A.), Heemst, D. (Diana) van, Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret I.), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Greevenbroek, M.M. van, Veldink, J.H. (Jan), Wijmenga, C. (Cisca), Franke, L. (Lude), ’t Hoen, P.A.C. (Peter A. C.), Jansen, R. (Rick), Meurs, J.B.J. (Joyce) van, Mei, H. (Hailiang), Slagboom, P.E. (Eline), Heijmans, B.T. (Bastiaan T.), Zwet, E.W. (Erik) van, Luijk, R. (René), Dekkers, K.F. (Koen F.), Iterson, M. (Maarten) van, Arindrarto, W. (Wibowo), Claringbould, A. (Annique), Hop, P. (Paul), Beekman, M. (Marian), Breggen, R. (Ruud) van der, Deelen, J. (Joris), Lakenberg, N. (Nico), Moed, H. (Heleen), Suchiman, H.E.D. (Eka), van ’t Hof, P. (Peter), Bonder, M.J. (Marc), Deelen, P. (Patrick), Tigchelaar, E.F. (Ettje F.), Zhernakova, A. (Alexandra), Zhernakova, D.V. (Dasha V.), Dongen, J. (Jenny) van, Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Pool, R. (Reńe), Isaacs, A. (Aaron), Hofman, B.A. (Bert A.), Jhamai, M. (Mila), Kallen, C.J. van der, Schalkwijk, C.G. (Casper), Stehouwer, C.D. (Coen), Berg, L.H. (Leonard) van den, Van Galen, M. (Michiel), Vermaat, M. (Martijn), van Rooij, J. (Jeroen), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Verbiest, M.M.P.J. (Michael), Verkerk, M. (Marijn), Kielbasa, P.S.M. (P. Szymon M.), Bot, J.J. (Jan), Nooren, I. (Irene), Dijk, F. (Freerk) van, Swertz, M.A. (Morris A.), Heemst, D. (Diana) van, Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret I.), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Greevenbroek, M.M. van, Veldink, J.H. (Jan), Wijmenga, C. (Cisca), Franke, L. (Lude), ’t Hoen, P.A.C. (Peter A. C.), Jansen, R. (Rick), Meurs, J.B.J. (Joyce) van, Mei, H. (Hailiang), Slagboom, P.E. (Eline), Heijmans, B.T. (Bastiaan T.), and Zwet, E.W. (Erik) van

Abstract

Identification of causal drivers behind regulatory gene networks is crucial in understanding gene function. Here, we develop a method for the large-scale inference of gene–gene interactions in observational population genomics data that are both directed (using local genetic instruments as causal anchors, akin to Mendelian Randomization) and specific (by controlling for linkage disequilibrium and pleiotropy). Analysis of genotype and whole-blood RNA-sequencing data from 3072 individuals identified 49 genes as drivers of downstream transcriptional changes (Wald P < 7 × 10−10), among which transcription factors were overrepresented (Fisher’s P = 3.3 × 10−7). Our analysis suggests new gene functions and targets, including for SENP7 (zinc-finger genes involved in retroviral repression) and BCL2A1 (target genes possibly involved in auditory dysfunction). Our work highlights the utility of population genomics data in deriving directed gene expression networks. A resource of trans-effects for all 6600 genes with a genetic instrument can be explored individually using a web-based browser.

Published
2018
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